[en] Seven mango seeds of Ivorian varieties, that is, Amelie, Kent, Keitt, Brooks, Palmer, Dadiani, and Djakoumankoun were collected from Northern Ivory Coast as wastes from local processing factories and local markets; their kernels were then quickly separated and sun-dried to ensure lipases inactivation. This study was carried out to elucidate (1) the variability in the proximate composition (protein, ash, and fat content) of the so-obtained kernels and (2) the characteristics of the extracted fat including acidity, peroxide value, unsaponifiable matters, phospholipid content, iodine value, fatty acid (FA), and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, sterol content, oxidative stability, color, and carotenoid content. It was found that the fat content ranged from 4.9% to 9.6% (dry matter) depending on the variety. Whatever the variety, oleic (O, 35.9%–47%) and stearic acid (St, 30.3%–48.3%) were the most abundant FA. A wide range of variation in TAG composition was however observed: the major were StOSt (23.9%–45.9%), StOO (15.5%–25.8%), and StLSt (10.4%–12.5%). A classification of the seven varieties based on their FA, TAG, and sterol content, was established using multivariate analysis: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). According to their main FA and TAG, the seven varieties may be grouped into four clusters: cluster I = Amelie, cluster II = Keitt, Palmer, and Kent, cluster III = Brooks and Dadiani and, cluster IV = Djakoumankoun.
Disciplines :
Food science
Author, co-author :
Kouassi, Kouakou Alfred ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Technologie Alimentaire (TA)
Alabi, Taofic ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs ; Department of Animal Biology, University Pelefero Gon Coulybaly, Korhogo, Cote d'Ivoire
Cissé, Mohamed; Department of Biochemistry and Genetic, University Pelefero Gon Coulybaly, Korhogo, Cote d'Ivoire
Purcaro, Giorgia ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Chemistry for Sustainable Food and Environmental Systems (CSFES)
Moret, Sabrina; Agri-Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Moret, Erica; Agri-Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Blecker, Christophe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Technologie Alimentaire (TA)
Danthine, Sabine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Technologie Alimentaire (TA)
Language :
English
Title :
Assessment of composition, color, and oxidative stability of mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel fats from various Ivorian varieties
Publication date :
2023
Journal title :
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
ISSN :
0003-021X
eISSN :
1558-9331
Publisher :
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
ULiège - Université de Liège [BE]
Funding text :
This research was financially supported by Pelefero Gon Coulibaly University (Korhogo, Ivory Coast) managed by Prof. Coulibaly Adama and University of Liège (Belgium) (2021/MOB/00080).
Abdalla AE, Darwish SM, Ayad EH, El-Hamahmy RM. Egyptian mango by-product 2: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extract and oil from mango seed kernel. Food Chem. 2007;103(4):1141–1152.
Abdel-Razik MM, Ashoush IS, Yassin NMN. Characteristics of mango seed kernel butter and its effects on quality attributes of muffins. Alex J Fd Sci Technol. 2012;9(2):1–9.
Agroforesterie Côte d'Ivoire. (2017). Available from: https://agroforesterie.ci/mangue.php
Ali MA, Gafur MA, Rahman MS, Ahmed GM. Variations in fat content and lipid class composition in ten different mango varieties. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1985;62(3):520–523.
Alimentarius C. Codex standard for named vegetable oils. Codex Stan. 1999;210:1–13.
AOCS Methods. Official methods and recommended practices of the AOCS. 6th ed. Urbana, III: AOCS 2009.
Beaudou AG, Sayol R. Étude pédologique de la région de Boundiali-Korhogo (Nord de la C (No. Sirsi) i9782709905800). Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer. 1980.
CBI: Centre pour la promotion des importations en provenance des pays en développement. Analyse de la chaîne de valeur des fruits transformés au Burkina Faso, au Mali et en Côte d'Ivoire: rapport final août 2019. 2019.
Chen Y, Thiyam-Hollander U, Barthet VJ, Aachary AA. Value-added potential of expeller-pressed canola oil refining: characterization of sinapic acid derivatives and tocopherols from by products. J Agric Food Chem. 2014;62(40):9800–9807.
Chew SC, Nyam KL. Refining of edible oils. In: Lipids and edible oils. Academic Press; 2020. p. 213–241.
Dhara R, Bhattacharyya DK, Ghosh M. Analysis of sterol and other components present in unsaponifiable matters of mahua, Sal and mango kernel oil. J Oleo Sci. 2010;59(4):169–176.
Dhingra S, Kapoor AC. Nutritive value of mango seed kernel. J Sci Food Agric. 1985;36(8):752–756.
Gaydou EM, Bouchet P. Sterols, methyl sterols, triterpene alcohols and fatty acids of the kernel fat of different Malagasy mango (Mangifera indica) varieties. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1984;61(10):1589–1593.
Gunstone FD. Vegetable oils in food technology composition, properties and uses. 2nd ed. NY: Wiley; 2011. p. 321–332.
Hemavathy J, Prabhakar JV, Sen DP. Composition of polar lipids of alphonso mango (Mangifera indica) kernel. J Food Sci. 1987;52(3):833–834.
Hernández MDPL, Aldana APS, Montoya JAV. Características fisicoquímicas de la grasa de semilla de veinte cultivares de mango (Mangifera indica L.) en Colombia. Rev Bras Frutic. 2016;38:10–21.
Holčapek M, Lísa M, Jandera P, Kabátová N. Quantitation of triacylglycerols in plant oils using HPLC with APCI-MS, evaporative light-scattering, and UV detection. J Sep Sci. 2005;28(12):1315–1333.
International Olive Council (IOC). COI/T.20/Doc. No 20/Rev. 4 Determination of the composition and content of sterols and triterpene Dialcohols by capillary column gas chromatography. 2017a.
International Olive Council (IOC). COI/T.20/Doc. No 30/Rev. 2 Determination of the difference between actual and theoretical content of triacylglycerols with ECN 42. 2017b.
Jahurul MHA, Jing YW, Foong CY, Shaarani SM, Zaidul ISM, Jinap S, et al. Effect of accelerated storage on chemical compositions of mango seed fat and palm oil mid-fraction blends as cocoa butter replacers. LWT. 2017;84:551–554.
Jahurul MHA, Zaidul ISM, Ghafoor K, Al-Juhaimi FY, Nyam KL, Norulaini NAN, et al. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) by-products and their valuable components: a review. Food Chem. 2015;183:173–180.
Jahurul MHA, Zaidul ISM, Norulaini NNA, Sahena F, Jaffri JM, Omar AM. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and studies of mango seed kernel for cocoa butter analogy fats. CyTA-J Food. 2014;12(1):97–103.
Jin J, Wang Y, Su H, Warda P, Xie D, Liu Y, et al. Oxidative stabilities of mango kernel fat fractions produced by three-stage fractionation. Int J Food Prop. 2017;20(11):2817–2829.
Jin J, Warda P, Mu H, Zhang Y, Jie L, Mao J, et al. Characteristics of mango kernel fats extracted from 11 China-specific varieties and their typically fractionated fractions. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 2016;93(8):1115–1125.
Kassi ABB, Soro Y, Nâ E, Sorho S. Physicochemical study of kernel oils from ten varieties of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) cultivated in cote dIvoire. Afr J Food Sci. 2019;13(7):135–142.
Kouakou KE, Moussa H, Kouassi AM, Goula BTA, Savane I. Redefinition of homogeneous climatic zones in Cote d'Ivoire in a context of climate change. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2017;8(11):453–462.
Kouamé ANG, Amani MK, Gnaboa R, Traoré KS, Houenou PV. Analyse de phénomènes hydrologiques dans un bassin versant urbanisé: cas de la ville de Yamoussoukro (centre de la Côte d'Ivoire). LARHYSS Journal P-ISSN 1112-3680/E-ISSN 2521-9782, (17). 2014.
Lakshminarayana G, Chandrasekhara Rao T, Ramalingaswamy PA. Varietal variations in content, characteristics and composition of mango seeds and fat. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1983;60(1):88–89.
Lieb VM, Schuster LK, Kronmüller A, Schmarr HG, Carle R, Steingass CB. Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and thermal behaviour of various mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel fats. Food Res Int. 2019;116:527–537.
MPOB Method. Malaysia Palm Oil Board. Determination of carotene content. Method No. 2.6. 2004;1:194–197.
Mtibaa I, Zouari A, Attia H, Ayadi MA, Danthine S. Effects of physical ripening conditions and churning temperature on the butter-making process and the physical characteristics of camel milk butter. Food Bioproc Tech. 2021;14(8):1518–1528.
Muchiri DR, Mahungu SM, Gituanja SN. Studies on mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel fat of some Kenyan varieties in Meru. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 2012;89(9):1567–1575.
Nadeem M, Imran M, Iqbal Z, Abbas N, Mahmud A. Enhancement of the oxidative stability of butter oil by blending with mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel oil in ambient and accelerated oxidation. J Food Process Preserv. 2017;41(3):e12957.
Nzikou JM, Kimbonguila A, Matos L, Loumouamou B, Pambou-Tobi NPG, Ndangui CB, et al. Extraction and characteristics of seed kernel oil from mango (Mangifera indica). Res J Environ Earth Sci. 2010;2(1):31–35.
PPAAO/WAAPP. (2017). Available from: https://www.waapp-ppaao.org/cotedivoire
Pawar N, Purohit A, Gandhi K, Arora S, Singh RRB. Effect of operational parameters on determination of oxidative stability measured by Rancimat method. Int J Food Prop. 2014;17(9):2082–2088.
Rashwan MRA. Fatty acids composition, neutral lipids and phospholipids fractionation in the kernel lipids of three mango varieties. Assiut J Agric Sci. 1990;21(1):105–117.
Solís-Fuentes JA, del Carmen Durán-de-Bazúa M. Mango seed: mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed and its fats. In Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention. Academic Press; 2020. p. 79–90.
Solı́s-Fuentes JA, Durán-de-Bazúa MC. Mango seed uses: thermal behaviour of mango seed almond fat and its mixtures with cocoa butter. Bioresour Technol. 2004;92(1):71–78.
Sonwai S, Kaphueakngam P, Flood A. Blending of mango kernel fat and palm oil mid-fraction to obtain cocoa butter equivalent. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(10):2357–2369.
Van Pee WM, Boni LE, Foma MN, Hendrikx A. Fatty acid composition and characteristics of the kernel fat of different mango (Mangifera indica) varieties. J Sci Food Agric. 1981;32(5):485–488.
Yao-Kouamé A, Allo K. Propriété du sol et domestication de Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae) en Côte d\'Ivoire. Agron Afr. 2008;20(1):97–107.
