3D city model; City information model; Data integration; Digital twins; Spatial data infrastructure
Abstract :
[en] Digital Twins for cities represent a new trend for urban and geospatial fields. Currently, some DTs implementations are taking place. Nevertheless, the whole concept remains ambiguous and presents some differences that need to be addressed. The aim of this article is to bridge the gap between DTs definitions and current implementations. This review was conducted through a scientific literature review and an online survey. The study collects Digital Twins for cities definitions and compares them with related concepts used jointly in the literature. It puts them together through an in-depth analysis since they express similarities and various discrepancies. As our study highlights the most documented DTs initiatives for cities according to 9 comprehensive categories, a new approach assessing the initiatives is proposed to evaluate the data integration methods used in the current realizations. Three levels are suggested: a conceptual schema model-based level (the data are integrated into the top level of the DT, i.e., extending the schema model to cover new features or themes); a database-based level (data are integrated in order to feed or update specific attributes or classes); and an application-based level (the data are integrated into the application generally at the viewer level).
Jeddoub, Imane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Sphères ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Unité de Géomatique - Topographie et géométrologie
Nys, Gilles-Antoine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Unité de Géomatique - Topographie et géométrologie
Hajji, Rafika ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Unité de Géomatique - Topographie et géométrologie ; College of Geomatic Sciences and Surveying Engineering, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
Billen, Roland ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Unité de Géomatique - Topographie et géométrologie
Language :
English
Title :
Digital Twins for cities: Analyzing the gap between concepts and current implementations with a specific focus on data integration
Publication date :
05 August 2023
Journal title :
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Funding text :
This research is part of the project GIS 3.0 that demonstrates the convergence of Geographic Information Systems and Web 3.0: Semantic Web techniques, object-oriented prototype languages (JavaScript, JSON,) and document-oriented NoSQL databases. The research project (PDR) is funded by the Belgian National Funds for Scientific Research FNRS_2019_SIG3.0_PDR/OL T.0024.20.
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