Monitoring Black Sea environmental changes from space: New products for altimetry, ocean colour and salinity. Potentialities and requirements for a dedicated in-situ observing system
altimetry; Black Sea; environment monitoring; observing system; ocean colour; salinity; satellite; Oceanography; Global and Planetary Change; Aquatic Science; Water Science and Technology; Environmental Science (miscellaneous); Ocean Engineering
Abstract :
[en] In this paper, satellite products developed during the Earth Observation for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS) ESA project are presented. Ocean colour, sea level anomaly and sea surface salinity datasets are produced for the last decade and validated with regional in-situ observations. New data processing is tested to appropriately tackle the Black Sea’s particular configuration and geophysical characteristics. For altimetry, the full rate (20Hz) altimeter measurements from Cryosat-2 and Sentinel-3A are processed to deliver a 5Hz along-track product. This product is combined with existing 1Hz product to produce gridded datasets for the sea level anomaly, mean dynamic topography, geostrophic currents. This new set of altimetry gridded products offers a better definition of the main Black Sea current, a more accurate reconstruction and characterization of eddies structure, in particular, in coastal areas, and improves the observable wavelength by a factor of 1.6. The EO4SIBS sea surface salinity from SMOS is the first satellite product for salinity in the Black Sea. Specific data treatments are applied to remedy the issue of land-sea and radio frequency interference contamination and to adapt the dielectric constant model to the low salinity and cold waters of the Black Sea. The quality of the SMOS products is assessed and shows a significant improvement from Level-2 to Level -3 and Level-4 products. Level-4 products accuracy is 0.4-0.6 psu, a comparable value to that in the Mediterranean Sea. On average SMOS sea surface salinity is lower than salinity measured by Argo floats, with a larger error in the eastern basin. The adequacy of SMOS SSS to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the Black Sea surface salinity and, in particular, plume patterns is analyzed. For ocean colour, chlorophyll-a, turbidity and suspended particulate materials are proposed using regional calibrated algorithms and satellite data provided by OLCI sensor onboard Sentinel-3 mission. The seasonal cycle of ocean colour products is described and a water classification scheme is proposed. The development of these three types of products has suffered from important in-situ data gaps that hinder a sound calibration of the algorithms and a proper assessment of the datasets quality. We propose recommendations for improving the in-situ observing system that will support the development of satellite products.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Grégoire, Marilaure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS)
Alvera Azcarate, Aida ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > GeoHydrodynamics and Environment Research (GHER)
Buga, Luminita; Department of Physical Oceanography and Coastal Engineering, National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", Constanta, Romania
Capet, Arthur ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > MAST (Modeling for Aquatic Systems)
Constantin, Sorin; Terrasigna, Bucharest, Romania
D’ortenzio, Fabrizio; Laboratoire d’Oceéanographie de Villefranche-sur-mer, CNRS / Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
Doxaran, David; Laboratoire d’Oceéanographie de Villefranche-sur-mer, CNRS / Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
Faugeras, Yannis; Collecte Localisation Satelliltes (CLS), Toulouse, France
Garcia-Espriu, Aina; Barcelona Expert Center (BEC), Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Golumbeanu, Mariana; Department of Physical Oceanography and Coastal Engineering, National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", Constanta, Romania
González-Haro, Cristina; Barcelona Expert Center (BEC), Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
González-Gambau, Verónica; Barcelona Expert Center (BEC), Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Kasprzyk, Jean-Paul ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Unité de Géomatique - Topographie et géométrologie
Ivanov, Evgeny ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > MAST (Modeling for Aquatic Systems)
Mason, Evan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > MAST (Modeling for Aquatic Systems) ; IMEDIA, Spain
Mateescu, Razvan; Department of Physical Oceanography and Coastal Engineering, National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", Constanta, Romania
Meulders, Catherine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > MAST (Modeling for Aquatic Systems)
Olmedo, Estrella; Barcelona Expert Center (BEC), Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Pons, Leonard; Laboratoire d’Oceéanographie de Villefranche-sur-mer, CNRS / Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
Pujol, Marie-Isabelle; Collecte Localisation Satelliltes (CLS), Toulouse, France
Sarbu, George; Department of Physical Oceanography and Coastal Engineering, National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", Constanta, Romania
Turiel, Antonio; Barcelona Expert Center (BEC), Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Vandenbulcke, Luc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS)
Rio, Marie-Hélène; European Space Agency, Center for Earth Observations (ESRIN), Frascati, Italy
Monitoring Black Sea environmental changes from space: New products for altimetry, ocean colour and salinity. Potentialities and requirements for a dedicated in-situ observing system
This work has been carried out as part of the European Space Agency contract Earth Observation data For Science and Innovations in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS, ESA contract n° 4000127237/19/I-EF). MG received fundings from the Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 BRIDGE-BS project under grant agreement No. 101000240 and by the Project CE2COAST funded by ANR(FR), BELSPO (BE), FCT (PT), IZM (LV), MI (IE), MIUR (IT), Rannis (IS), and RCN (NO) through the 2019 “Joint Transnational Call on Next Generation Climate Science in Europe for Oceans” initiated by JPI Climate and JPI Oceans. The research on SMOS SSS has been also supported in part by the Spanish R&D project INTERACT (PID2020-114623RB-C31), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, funding from the Spanish government through the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) and the CSIC Thematic Interdisciplinary Platform Teledetect. AcknowledgmentsThis work has been carried out as part of the European Space Agency contract Earth Observation data For Science and Innovations in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS, ESA contract n° 4000127237/19/I-EF). MG received fundings from the Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 BRIDGE-BS project under grant agreement No. 101000240 and by the Project CE2COAST funded by ANR(FR), BELSPO (BE), FCT (PT), IZM (LV), MI (IE), MIUR (IT), Rannis (IS), and RCN (NO) through the 2019 “Joint Transnational Call on Next Generation Climate Science in Europe for Oceans” initiated by JPI Climate and JPI Oceans. The research on SMOS SSS has been also supported in part by the Spanish R&D project INTERACT (PID2020-114623RB-C31), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, funding from the Spanish government through the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) and the CSIC Thematic Interdisciplinary Platform Teledetect.
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