[en] Steak tartare is a popular meat dish in Belgium. It is prepared with raw ground minced beef and eaten with sauce, vegetables, and spiced. Since it contains raw meat, steak tartare is highly prone to bacterial spoilage. The objective of this study was to explore the bacterial flora diversity in steak tartare in Belgium according to the source and to determine which bacteria are able to grow during the shelf life. A total of 58 samples from butchers’ shops, restaurants, sandwich shops and supermarkets were collected. These samples were analyzed using 16S rDNA metagenetics, a classical microbiological technique, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the Lactobacillus genus. Samples were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of their shelf life, except for those from restaurants and sandwich shops analyzed only at the purchase date. Metagenetic analysis identified up to 180 bacterial species and 90 genera in some samples. But only seven bacterial species were predominant in the samples, depending on the source: Brochothrix thermosphacta, Lactobacillus algidus, Lactococcus piscium, Leuconostoc gelidum, Photobacterium kishitani, Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas oryzae. With this work, an alternative method is proposed to evaluate the total flora in food samples based on the number of reads from metagenetic analysis and the results of qPCR. The degree of underestimation of aerobic plate counts (APCs) at 30°C estimated with the classical microbiology method was demonstrated in comparison with the proposed culture independent method. Compared to culture-based methods, metagenetic analysis combined with qPCR targeting Lactobacillus provides valuable information for characterizing the bacterial flora of raw meat.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Delhalle, Laurent ; Université de Liège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Microbiologie des denrées alimentaires
Korsak Koulagenko, Nicolas ; Université de Liège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA)
Taminiau, Bernard ; Université de Liège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Microbiologie des denrées alimentaires
Delcenserie, Véronique ; Université de Liège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Gestion de la qualité dans la chaîne alimentaire
Poullet, Jean Baptiste; Quality Partner > Molecular biology
Daube, Georges ; Université de Liège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Microbiologie des denrées alimentaires
Language :
English
Title :
Exploring the bacterial diversity of Belgian steak tartare using metagenetics and qPCR analysis
Publication date :
2016
Journal title :
Journal of Food Protection
ISSN :
0362-028X
eISSN :
1944-9097
Publisher :
International Association for Food Protection, Des Moines, United States - Iowa
Volume :
79
Issue :
2
Pages :
220-229
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
Food science department of the University of Liege
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