[en] A major limitation preventing the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in routine analyses is the signal variability due to the heterogeneity of metallic nanoparticles used as SERS substrates. This study aimed to robustly optimise a synthesis process of silver nanoparticles to improve the measured SERS signal repeatability and the protocol synthesis repeatability. The process is inspired by a chemical reduction method associated with microwave irradiation to guarantee better controlled and uniform heating. The innovative Quality by Design strategy was implemented to optimise the different parameters of the process. A preliminary investigation design was firstly carried out to evaluate the influence of four parameters selected by means of an Ishikawa diagram. The critical quality attributes were to maximise the intensity of the SERS response and minimise its variance. The reaction time, temperature and stirring speed are critical process parameters. These were optimised using an I-optimal design. A robust operating zone covering the optimal reaction conditions (3.36 min–130 °C–600 rpm) associated with a probability of success was modelled. Validation of this point confirmed the prediction with intra- and inter-batch variabilities of less than 15%. In conclusion, this study successfully optimised silver nanoparticles by a rapid, low cost and simple technique enhancing the quantitative perspectives of SERS.
Research Center/Unit :
CIRM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Médicament - ULiège
Disciplines :
Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology
Author, co-author :
Horne, Julie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM)
Beckers, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM)
Sacre, Pierre-Yves ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de pharmacie > Chimie analytique
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
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