Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Patterns of T-Cell and Humoral Immune Responses Evolution Following a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV.
El Moussaoui, Majdouline; Desmecht, Salomé; Lambert, Nicolaset al.
HIV; Omicron; SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine; antibodies; cellular; humoral; immune response; neutralisation; people living with HIV; third dose; COVID-19 Vaccines; Antibodies, Viral; Humans; Female; Immunity, Humoral; Prospective Studies; T-Lymphocytes; SARS-CoV-2; Cluster Analysis; Breakthrough Infections; Vaccination; COVID-19/prevention & control; HIV Infections; COVID-19; Infectious Diseases; Virology
Abstract :
[en] (1) Background: Many vaccines require higher, additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite their potential risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019, immunological data remain sparse, and a clear consensus for the best booster strategy is lacking. (2) Methods: Using the data obtained from our previous study assessing prospective T-cell and humoral immune responses before and after administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we assessed the correlations between immune parameters reflecting humoral and cellular immune responses. We further aimed at identifying distinct clusters of patients with similar patterns of immune response evolution to determine how these relate to demographic and clinical factors. (3) Results: Among 80 PLWH and 51 healthcare workers (HCWs) enrolled in the study, cluster analysis identified four distinct patterns of evolution characterised by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. We observed that immune responses appeared to be less robust in cluster A, whose individuals were mostly PLWH who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cluster C, whose individuals showed a particularly drastic increase in markers of humoral immune response following the third dose of vaccine, was mainly composed of female participants who experienced SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the correlation study, although we observed a strong positive correlation between markers mirroring humoral immune response, markers of T-cell response following vaccination correlated only in a lesser extent with markers of humoral immunity. This suggests that neutralising antibody titers alone are not always a reliable reflection of the magnitude of the whole immune response. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show heterogeneity in immune responses among SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH. Specific subgroups could therefore benefit from distinct immunization strategies. Prior or breakthrough natural infection enhances the activity of vaccines and must be taken into account for informing global vaccine strategies among PLWH, even those with a viro-immunologically controlled infection.
Disciplines :
Hematology
Author, co-author :
El Moussaoui, Majdouline ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des maladies infectieuses - médecine interne
Desmecht, Salomé ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI)
Lambert, Nicolas ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de neurologie
Maes, Nathalie ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des informations médico économiques (SIME)
Braghini, Joachim; Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
MARECHAL, Nicole ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Département infirmier
Quintana, Céline; Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
BRIQUET, Karine ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des maladies infectieuses - médecine interne
Gofflot, Stéphanie ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL)
Toussaint, Françoise; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Hayette, Marie-Pierre ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de microbiologie clinique
Vermeersch, Pieter; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Lutteri, Laurence ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de chimie clinique
GREGOIRE, Céline ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service d'hématologie clinique
Beguin, Yves ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service d'hématologie clinique
Rahmouni, Souad ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA > GIGA Medical Genomics - Unit of Animal Genomics
Moutschen, Michel ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des maladies infectieuses - médecine interne
Desmecht, Daniel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de morphologie et pathologie (DMP) > Pathologie spéciale et autopsies
Darcis, Gilles ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des maladies infectieuses - médecine interne
Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Patterns of T-Cell and Humoral Immune Responses Evolution Following a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV.
Publication date :
2023
Journal title :
Viruses
eISSN :
1999-4915
Publisher :
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Switzerland
Leon Fredericq Foundation [BE] F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Funding text :
This work was supported by the Léon Fredericq Foundation (To G.D. and M.M.) and the FNRS (Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique) (To S.R., grant number PER/PGY H.P 030.20). M.E.M. and N.L. are FNRS doctoral clinical specialist candidates; G.D. is an FNRS postdoctoral clinical master specialist; and S.R. is an FNRS Senior Research Associate.
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