[en] Here we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 COVID-19 positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (p < 5x10-8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (p = 1.3x10-22 and p = 8.1x10-12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (p = 4.4x10-8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (p = 2.7x10-8) and ARHGAP33 (p = 1.3x10-8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, p = 4.1x10-8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥ 60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.
Disciplines :
Microbiology
Author, co-author :
Cruz, Raquel ; Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Almeida, Silvia Diz-de; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Heredia, Miguel López; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Quintela, Inés; Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Ceballos, Francisco C; Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
Pita, Guillermo; Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
Lorenzo-Salazar, José M; Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
González-Montelongo, Rafaela; Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Gago-Domínguez, Manuela; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Sistema Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Porras, Marta Sevilla; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
Castaño, Jair Antonio Tenorio; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain ; ERN-ITHACA-European Reference Network
Nevado, Julian; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain ; ERN-ITHACA-European Reference Network
Aguado, Jose María; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain ; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0002), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Aguilar, Carlos; Hospital General Santa Bárbara de Soria, Soria, Spain
Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain ; Navarra Health Service, Navarra BioMed Research Group, Pamplona, Spain
Almoguera, Berta; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
Alvarez, Nuria; Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
Andreu-Bernabeu, Álvaro; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0002), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
Arana-Arri, Eunate; Biocruces Bizkai HRI, Bizkaia, Spain ; Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza, Bizkaia, Spain
Arango, Celso; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Arranz, María J; Fundació Docència I Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Artiga, Maria-Jesus; Spanish National Cancer Research Center, CNIO Biobank, Madrid, Spain
Baptista-Rosas, Raúl C; Hospital General de Occidente, Zapopan Jalisco, Mexico ; Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá Jalisco, Mexico ; Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá Jalisco, Mexico
Barreda-Sánchez, María; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain ; Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
Belhassen-Garcia, Moncef; Servicio de Medicina Interna-Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ; Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Bezerra, Joao F; Escola Tecnica de Saúde, Laboratorio de Vigilancia Molecular Aplicada, Brazil
Bezerra, Marcos A C; Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
Brion, María ; Xenética Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Brugada, Ramón; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain ; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain ; Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
Bustos, Matilde; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)- University of Seville- Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
Calderón, Enrique J ; Departemento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Carbonell, Cristina; Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain ; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
Castano, Luis; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Biocruces Bizkai HRI, Bizkaia, Spain ; Osakidetza, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Diabetes and Metabolic Associated Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; University of Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, Bizkaia, Spain
Castelao, Jose E; Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-Servizo Galego de Saúde, Vigo, Spain
Conde-Vicente, Rosa; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
Cordero-Lorenzana, M Lourdes; Servicio de Medicina intensiva, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sistema Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
Cortes-Sanchez, Jose L; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico ; Departament of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
Corton, Marta; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
Darnaude, M Teresa; Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
De Martino-Rodríguez, Alba; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain ; Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
Campo-Pérez, Victor; Preventive Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-Servizo Galego de Saúde, Vigo, Spain
Luchessi, Andre D; Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
Eirós, Rocío; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
Sanabria, Gladys Mercedes Estigarribia; Instituto Regional de Investigación en Salud-Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú, Caaguazú, Paraguay
Fariñas, María Carmen; IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain ; Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain ; Hospital U M Valdecilla, Cantabria, Spain
Fernández-Robelo, Uxía; Urgencias Hospitalarias, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sistema Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
Fernández-Rodríguez, Amanda; Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
Fernández-Villa, Tania; Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS) - Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
Gil-Fournier, Belén; Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
Gómez-Arrue, Javier; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain ; Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
Álvarez, Beatriz González; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain ; Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
Quirós, Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo; Ministerio de Salud Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
González-Peñas, Javier; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain ; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Gutiérrez-Bautista, Juan F ; Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
Herrero, María José; Plataforma de Farmacogenética, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain ; Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Herrero-Gonzalez, Antonio; Data Analysis Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
Jimenez-Sousa, María A; Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
Lattig, María Claudia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia ; SIGEN Alianza Universidad de los Andes - Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
Borja, Anabel Liger; Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Lopez-Rodriguez, Rosario; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
Mancebo, Esther; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Transplant Immunology and Immunodeficiencies Group, Madrid, Spain
Martín-López, Caridad; Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Martín, Vicente; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
Martinez-Nieto, Oscar; SIGEN Alianza Universidad de los Andes - Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia ; Departamento Patologia y Laboratorios, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota, Bogotá, Colombia
Martinez-Lopez, Iciar; Unidad de Genética y Genómica Islas Baleares, Islas Baleares, Spain ; Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Genética Clínica, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain
Martinez-Resendez, Michel F; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
Martinez-Perez, Ángel; Genomics of Complex Diseases Unit, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Mazzeu, Juliana A; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas (UnB), Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias da Saude (UnB), Brazil
Minguez, Pablo; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
Cuerda, Victor Moreno; Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Mostoles, Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Silbiger, Vivian N; Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
Oliveira, Silviene F; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias da Saude (UnB), Brazil ; Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal (UnB), Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Ensino de Biologia (UnB), Brazil
Ortega-Paino, Eva; Spanish National Cancer Research Center, CNIO Biobank, Madrid, Spain
Parellada, Mara; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Paz-Artal, Estela; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Transplant Immunology and Immunodeficiencies Group, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Santos, Ney P C; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Pérez-Matute, Patricia; Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
Perez, Patricia; Inditex, A Coruña, Spain
Pérez-Tomás, M Elena; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
Perucho, Teresa; GENYCA, Madrid, Spain
Pinsach-Abuin, Mel Lina; Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Pompa-Mera, Ericka N; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
Pujol, Aurora; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain ; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
León, Soraya Ramiro; Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
Resino, Salvador; Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
Fernandes, Marianne R; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil ; Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Rodríguez-Ruiz, Emilio; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Sistema Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain ; IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Rodriguez-Garcia, José A; Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
Ruiz-Cabello, Francisco; Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs GRANADA), Granada, Spain ; Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Ruiz-Hornillos, Javier; Allergy Unit, Valdemoro, Hospital Infanta Elena, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Ryan, Pablo; Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain ; Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
Soria, José Manuel; Genomics of Complex Diseases Unit, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Souto, Juan Carlos; Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Tamayo, Eduardo; Servicio de Anestesiologia y Reanimación, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain ; Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Tamayo-Velasco, Alvaro; Servicio de Hematologia y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Taracido-Fernandez, Juan Carlos; Data Analysis Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
Teper, Alejandro; Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Torres-Tobar, Lilian; Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia
Urioste, Miguel; Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
Valencia-Ramos, Juan; University Hospital of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
Yáñez, Zuleima; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
Zarate, Ruth; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica, Paraguay
Nakanishi, Tomoko ; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ; Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
Pigazzini, Sara; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy ; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Degenhardt, Frauke ; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany ; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Butler-Laporte, Guillaume ; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Maya-Miles, Douglas; Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Bujanda, Luis; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
Bouysran, Youssef; Centre de Génétique Humaine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Palom, Adriana; Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
Ellinghaus, David; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany ; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Martínez-Bueno, Manuel; GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
Rolker, Selina; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Roade, Luisa; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
Fava, Francesca; Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Italy ; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Genetica Medica, Italy ; Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
Spinner, Christoph D ; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
Prati, Daniele; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
Bernardo, David; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia del Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
Garcia, Federico; Hospital Universitario Clinico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
DARCIS, Gilles ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des maladies infectieuses - médecine interne
Fernández-Cadenas, Israel; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Barcelona, Spain
Holter, Jan Cato; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Banales, Jesus M; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
Frithiof, Robert; Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Duga, Stefano; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy ; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Asselta, Rosanna; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy ; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Pereira, Alexandre C; Heart Institute (InCor)/Univ Sao Paulo Med Sch, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Romero-Gómez, Manuel; Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Nafría-Jiménez, Beatriz; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Clinical Biochemistry Department, San Sebastian, Spain
Hov, Johannes R; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section of Gastroenterology, Dept Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Migeotte, Isabelle; Centre de Génétique Humaine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS
Renieri, Alessandra ; Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Italy ; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Genetica Medica, Italy ; Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
Planas, Anna M; Institute for Biomedical Researhc of Barcelona (IIBB), National Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Ludwig, Kerstin U ; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Buti, Maria; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
Rahmouni, Souad ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques
Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E; GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain ; Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
Schulte, Eva C; Institute of Virology, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany ; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich University, Munich, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, LMU Munich University, Munich, Germany
Franke, Andre; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany ; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Karlsen, Tom H; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section of Gastroenterology, Dept Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Valenti, Luca; Department of Pathopgysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy ; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Precision Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
Zeberg, Hugo; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden ; Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
Richards, Brent; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Department of Human Genetics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; King's College London, Department of Twin Research, London, United Kingdom
Ganna, Andrea; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
Boada, Mercè; Research Center and Memory clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Rojas, Itziar; Research Center and Memory clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Ruiz, Agustín; Research Center and Memory clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Sánchez, Pascual; CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
Real, Luis Miguel; Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
SCOURGE Cohort Group
HOSTAGE Cohort Group
GRA@CE Cohort Group
Guillen-Navarro, Encarna; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain ; Sección Genética Médica - Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain ; Departamento Cirugía, Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain ; Grupo Clínico Vinculado, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Ayuso, Carmen; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
González-Neira, Anna; Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
Riancho, José A; IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain ; Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain ; Hospital U M Valdecilla, Cantabria, Spain
Rojas-Martinez, Augusto ; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
Flores, Carlos; Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Lapunzina, Pablo; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz-IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain ; ERN-ITHACA-European Reference Network
Carracedo, Ángel; Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Sistema Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
