Mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus: prospects for novel anti-retroviral therapies in human.

Animals; Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use; B-Lymphocytes/pathology/physiology/virology; Cattle; Cytokines/metabolism; Disease Models, Animal; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/drug therapy/physiopathology/virology; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity; Humans; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy/physiopathology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology/physiology/virology; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/drug therapy/immunology/physiopathology/virology; Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism

Abstract :

[en] In 1871, the observation of yellowish nodules in the enlarged spleen of a cow was considered to be the first reported case of bovine leukemia. The etiological agent of this lymphoproliferative disease, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belongs to the deltaretrovirus genus which also includes the related human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This review summarizes current knowledge of this viral system, which is important as a model for leukemogenesis. Recently, the BLV model has also cast light onto novel prospects for therapies of HTLV induced diseases, for which no satisfactory treatment exists so far.

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health

Author, co-author :

Gillet, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Chimie et bio-industries > Centre de Bio. Fond. - Section de Biologie cell. et moléc.

Florins, Arnaud-Francois ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Chimie et bio-industries > Centre de Bio. Fond. - Section de Biologie cell. et moléc.

Boxus, Mathieu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Chimie et bio-industries > Centre de Bio. Fond. - Section de Biologie cell. et moléc.

Burteau, Catherine

Nigro, Annamaria

Vandermeers, Fabian ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Labo de biologie des tumeurs et du développement

Balon, Herve

Bouzar, Amel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Chimie et bio-industries > Centre de Bio. Fond. - Section de Biologie cell. et moléc.

Defoiche, Julien

Burny, Arsène ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Agro Biotech Gembloux

More authors (3 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus: prospects for novel anti-retroviral therapies in human.

Publication date :

2007

Journal title :

Retrovirology

eISSN :

1742-4690

Publisher :

BioMed Central, London, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 09 March 2011

Statistics

Number of views

150 (16 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

1 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

302

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

264

OpenCitations

231

OpenAlex citations

355

Bibliography

Leisering A Ber Vet -Wes Kgr Sachen 1871 16 15
Burny A Cleuter Y Kettmann R Mammerickx M Marbaix G Portetelle D Van den BA Willems L Thomas R Bovine leukaemia: Facts and hypotheses derived from the study of an infectious cancer Cancer Surv 1987 6 139-159 2891439
Olson C Miller J Enzootic bovine leukosis and bovine leukemia virus Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston 1987 3
Willems L Burny A Dangoisse O Collete D Dequiedt F Gatot JS Kerkhofs P Lefebvre L Merezak C Portetelle D Twizere JC Kettmann R Bovine leukemia virus as a model for human T-cell leukemia virus Current Topics in Virology 1999 139-167
Meas S Usui T Ohashi K Sugimoto C Onuma M Vertical transmission of bovine leukemia virus and bovine immunodeficiency virus in dairy cattle herds Vet Microbiol 2002 84 275-282 10.1016/S0378-1135(01)00458-8 11731179
Ferrer JF Piper CE An evaluation of the role of milk in the natural transmission of BLV Ann Rech Vet 1978 9 803-807 224781
Hopkins SG DiGiacomo RF Natural transmission of bovine leukemia virus in dairy and beef cattle Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1997 13 107-128 9071749
Mammerickx M Portetelle D de Clercq K Burny A Experimental transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis to cattle, sheep and goats: Infectious doses of blood and incubation period of the disease Leuk Res 1987 11 353-358 10.1016/0145-2126(87)90180-9 3031388
Kohara J Konnai S Onuma M Experimental transmission of Bovine leukemia virus in cattle via rectal palpation Jpn J Vet Res 2006 54 25-30 16786975
Brenner J Rosenthal I Bernstein S Trainin Z The fat content of milk from dairy cattle infected with bovine leukosis virus Vet Res Commun 1990 14 167-171 2161141
Da Y Shanks RD Stewart JA Lewin HA Milk and fat yields decline in bovine leukemia virus-infected Holstein cattle with persistent lymphocytosis Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 90 6538-6541 46967 8341665 10.1073/ pnas.90.14.6538
Huber NL DiGiacomo RF Evermann JF Studer E Bovine leukemia virus infection in a large Holstein herd: Prospective comparison of production and reproductive performance in antibody-negative and antibody-positive cows Am J Vet Res 1981 42 1477-1481 6275753
Jacobs RM Heeney JL Godkin MA Leslie KE Taylor JA Davies C Valli VE Production and related variables in bovine leukaemia virus-infected cows Vet Res Commun 1991 15 463 474 1666473
Pollari FL Wangsuphachart VL DiGiacomo RF Evermann JF Effects of bovine leukemia virus infection on production and reproduction in dairy cattle Can J Vet Res 1992 56 289-295 1263558 1477797
Wu MC Shanks RD Lewin HA Milk and fat production in dairy cattle influenced by advanced subclinical bovine leukemia virus infection Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989 86 993 996 286605 2536940 10.1073/pnas.86.3.993
Kurdi A Blankenstein P Marquardt O Ebner D Study on the presence of BLV infection in a dairy herd in Syria by using serological and virological tests Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 1999 112 18 23 10028727
Motton DD Buehring GC Bovine leukemia virus alters growth properties and casein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells J Dairy Sci 2003 86 2826 2838 14507019
Trono KG Perez-Filgueira DM Duffy S Borca MV Carrillo C Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle in Argentina: Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of different detection methods Vet Microbiol 2001 83 235-248 10.1016/S0378-1135(01)00420-5 11574172
Ott SL Johnson R Wells SJ Association between bovine-leukosis virus seroprevalence and herd-level productivity on US dairy farms Prev Vet Med 2003 61 249-262 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.08.003 14623410
Rhodes JK Pelzer KD Johnson YJ Economic implications of bovine leukemia virus infection in mid-Atlantic dairy herds J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003 223 346-352 10.2460/javma.2003.223.346 12906231
Bendixen HJ Epizootiology, diagnosis and control of bovine leukosis Bull Off Int Epizoot 1967 68 73-99 5629854
Altanerova V Holicova D Kucerova L Altaner C Lairmore MD Boris-Lawrie K Long-term infection with retroviral structural gene vector provides protection against bovine leukemia virus disease in rabbits Virology 2004 329 434-439 15518821
Bondzio A Abraham-Podgornik A Blankenstein P Risse S Involvement of intracellular Ca2+ in the regulation of bovine leukemia virus expression Biol Chem 2001 382 407-416 10.1515/BC.2001.050 11347888
Camargos MF Pereda A Stancek D Rocha MA Reis JK Greiser-Wilke I Leite RC Molecular characterization of the env gene from Brazilian field isolates of Bovine Leukemia Virus Virus Genes 2006 16917740
Ferens WA Cobbold R Hovde CJ Intestinal Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteria mitigate bovine leukemia virus infection in experimentally infected sheep Infect Immun 2006 74 2906-2916 1459712 16622229 10.1128/IAI.74.5.2906-2916.2006
Kerkhofs P Gatot JS Knapen K Mammerickx M Burny A Portetelle D Willems L Kettmann R Long-term protection against bovine leukaemia virus replication in cattle and sheep J Gen Virol 2000 81 957-963 10725421
Murovska MF Chernobayeva LG Miroshnichenko OI Tomsons VP Konicheva VV Ivanova SV Tikhonenko TI An investigation of the effect of antisense RNA gene on bovine leukaemia virus reproduction in cell culture Vet Microbiol 1992 33 361-366 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90063-Y 1336248
Kucerova L Altanerova V Altaner C Boris-Lawrie K Bovine leukemia virus structural gene vectors are immunogenic and lack pathogenicity in a rabbit model J Virol 1999 73 8160-8166 112833 10482566
Okada K Nakae N Kuramochi K Yin SA Ikeda M Takami S Hirata T Goryo M Numakunai S Takeshima SN Takahashi M Tajima S Konnai S Onuma M Aida Y Bovine leukemia virus high tax molecular clone experimentally induces leukemia/lymphoma in sheep J Vet Med Sci 2005 67 1231-1235 10.1292/ jvms.67.1231 16397381
Tana Watarai S Aida Y Tajima S Kakidani H Onuma M Kodama H Growth inhibition of cancer cells by co-transfection of diphtheria toxin A-chain gene plasmid with bovine leukemia virus-tax expression vector Microbiol Immunol 2001 45 447-455 11497220
Usui T Konnai S Tajima S Watarai S Aida Y Ohashi K Onuma M Protective effects of vaccination with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) Tax DNA against BLV infection in sheep J Vet Med Sci 2003 65 1201-1205 10.1292/ jvms.65.1201 14665749
Reichert M Cantor GH Willems L Kettmann R Protective effects of a live attenuated bovine leukaemia virus vaccine with deletion in the R3 and G4 genes J Gen Virol 2000 81 965-969 10725422
Rola M Kuzmak J The detection of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA by PCR-ELISA J Virol Methods 2002 99 33-40 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00384-6 11684301
Marin C de Lopez NM Alvarez L Lozano O Espana W Castanos H Leon A Epidemiology of bovine leukemia in Venezuela Ann Rech Vet 1978 9 743-746 224772
Meas S Seto J Sugimoto C Bakhsh M Riaz M Sato T Naeem K Ohashi K Onuma M Infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine leukemia virus in water buffalo and cattle populations in Pakistan J Vet Med Sci 2000 62 329 331 10.1292/jvms.62.329 10770609
Singh CM Singh B Parihar NS Pulmonary involvement in lymphosarcoma of Indian buffaloes Bibl Haematol 1973 39 220-227 4801352
Altanerova V Ban J Altaner C Induction of immune deficiency syndrome in rabbits by bovine leukaemia virus AIDS 1989 3 755-758 2559751
Onuma M Wada M Yasutomi Y Yamamoto M Okada HM Kawakami Y Suppression of immunological responses in rabbits experimentally infected with bovine leukemia virus Vet Microbiol 1990 25 131-141 10.1016/ 0378-1135(90)90072-4 2177933
Wyatt CR Wingett D White JS Buck CD Knowles D Reeves R Magnuson NS Persistent infection of rabbits with bovine leukemia virus associated with development of immune dysfunction J Virol 1989 63 4498-4506 251080 2552135
Altanerova V Portetelle D Kettmann R Altaner C Infection of rats with bovine leukaemia virus: Establishment of a virus-producing rat cell line J Gen Virol 1989 70 (Pt 7) 1929-1932 2544673
Boris-Lawrie K Altanerova V Altaner C Kucerova L Temin HM In vivo study of genetically simplified bovine leukemia virus derivatives that lack tax and rex J Virol 1997 71 1514-1520 191208 8995677
Altanerova V Ban J Kettmann R Altaner C Induction of leukemia in chicken by bovine leukemia virus due to insertional mutagenesis Arch Geschwulstforsch 1990 60 89-96 2160229
Mammerickx M Portetelle D Burny A Experimental cross-transmissions of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) between several animal species Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1981 28 69-81 6263020
Olson C Kettmann R Burny A Kaja R Goat lymphosarcoma from bovine leukemia virus J Natl Cancer Inst 1981 67 671-675 6268881
Djilali S Parodi AL Levy D Cockerell GL Development of leukemia and lymphosarcoma induced by bovine leukemia virus in sheep: A hematopathological study Leukemia 1987 1 777-781 2824938
Djilali S Parodi AL The BLV-induced leukemia--lymphosarcoma complex in sheep Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1989 22 233-244 10.1016/ 0165-2427(89)90010-X 2560855
Mammerickx M Palm R Portetelle D Burny A Experimental transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis to sheep: Latency period of the tumoral disease Leukemia 1988 2 103-107 2830439
Zhao TM Hague B Caudell DL Simpson RM Kindt TJ Quantification of HTLV-I proviral load in experimentally infected rabbits Retrovirology 2005 2 34 1156951 15910683 10.1186/1742-4690-2-34
Derse D Martarano L Construction of a recombinant bovine leukemia virus vector for analysis of virus infectivity J Virol 1990 64 401-405 249115 1688385
Graves DC Ferrer JF In vitro transmission and propagation of the bovine leukemia virus in monolayer cell cultures Cancer Res 1976 36 4152-4159 61801
Inabe K Ikuta K Aida Y Transmission and propagation in cell culture of virus produced by cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone of bovine leukemia virus Virology 1998 245 53-64 10.1006/viro.1998.9140 9614867
Milan D Nicolas JF Activator-dependent and activator-independent defective recombinant retroviruses from bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1991 65 1938-1945 240020 1848312
DiGiacomo RF Hopkins SG Food animal and poultry retroviruses and human health Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1997 13 177-190 9071753
Perzova RN Loughran TP Dube S Ferrer J Esteban E Poiesz BJ Lack of BLV and PTLV DNA sequences in the majority of patients with large granular lymphocyte leukaemia Br J Haematol 2000 109 64-70 10.1046/ j.1365-2141.2000.01972.x 10848783
Burmeister T Schwartz S Hummel M Hoelzer D Thiel E No genetic evidence for involvement of Deltaretroviruses in adult patients with precursor and mature T-cell neoplasms Retrovirology 2007 4 11 1802090 17284327 10.1186/1742-4690-4-11
Buehring GC Philpott SM Choi KY Humans have antibodies reactive with Bovine leukemia virus AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2003 19 1105-1113 10.1089/088922203771881202 14709247
Calattini S Chevalier SA Duprez R Afonso P Froment A Gessain A Mahieux R Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3: Complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of the human tax3 protein J Virol 2006 80 9876-9888 1617244 16973592 10.1128/JVI.00799-06
Mahieux R Gessain A [New human retroviruses: HTLV-3 and HTLV-4] Med Trop (Mars) 2005 65 525-528 16555510
Wolfe ND Heneine W Carr JK Garcia AD Shanmugam V Tamoufe U Torimiro JN Prosser AT Lebreton M Mpoudi-Ngole E McCutchan FE Birx DL Folks TM Burke DS Switzer WM Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005 102 7994-7999 1142377 15911757 10.1073/pnas.0501734102
Rice NR Stephens RM Couez D Deschamps J Kettmann R Burny A Gilden RV The nucleotide sequence of the env gene and post-env region of bovine leukemia virus Virology 1984 138 82-93 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90149-1 6093363
Sagata N Yasunaga T Ohishi K Tsuzuku-Kawamura J Onuma M Ikawa Y Comparison of the entire genomes of bovine leukemia virus and human T-cell leukemia virus and characterization of their unidentified open reading frames EMBO J 1984 3 3231-3237 557842 6098469
Sagata N Yasunaga T Ogawa Y Tsuzuku-Kawamura J Ikawa Y Bovine leukemia virus: Unique structural features of its long terminal repeats and its evolutionary relationship to human T-cell leukemia virus Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984 81 4741-4745 391566 6087346 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4741
Dube S Bachman S Spicer T Love J Choi D Esteban E Ferrer JF Poiesz BJ Degenerate and specific PCR assays for the detection of bovine leukaemia virus and primate T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus pol DNA and RNA: phylogenetic comparisons of amplified sequences from cattle and primates from around the world J Gen Virol 1997 78 (Pt 6) 1389-1398 9191935
Mamoun RZ Morisson M Rebeyrotte N Busetta B Couez D Kettmann R Hospital M Guillemain B Sequence variability of bovine leukemia virus env gene and its relevance to the structure and antigenicity of the glycoproteins J Virol 1990 64 4180-4188 247882 1696635
Licursi M Inoshima Y Wu D Yokoyama T Gonzalez ET Sentsui H Provirus variants of bovine leukemia virus in naturally infected cattle from Argentina and Japan Vet Microbiol 2003 96 17 23 10.1016/ S0378-1135(03)00202-5 14516704
Monti G Schrijver R Beier D Genetic diversity and spread of Bovine leukaemia virus isolates in Argentine dairy cattle Arch Virol 2005 150 443-458 10.1007/s00705-004-0437-1 15592892
Ferrer JF Stock ND Lin P Detection of replicating C-type viruses in continuous cell cultures established from cows with leukemia: Effect of the culture medium J Natl Cancer Inst 1971 47 613-621 5157580
Miller JM Miller LD Olson C Gillette KG Virus-like particles in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte cultures with reference to bovine lymphosarcoma J Natl Cancer Inst 1969 43 1297-1305 5408805
Ghysdael J Kettmann R Burny A Translation of bovine leukemia virus virion RNAs in heterologous protein-synthesizing systems J Virol 1979 29 1087-1098 353269 87518
Katoh I Kyushiki H Sakamoto Y Ikawa Y Yoshinaka Y Bovine leukemia virus matrix-associated protein MA(p15): Further processing and formation of a specific complex with the dimer of the 5'-terminal genomic RNA fragment J Virol 1991 65 6845 6855 250779 1658378
Katoh I Yasunaga T Yoshinaka Y Bovine leukemia virus RNA sequences involved in dimerization and specific gag protein binding: Close relation to the packaging sites of avian, murine, and human retroviruses J Virol 1993 67 1830 1839 240239 8383213
Mansky LM Krueger AE Temin HM The bovine leukemia virus encapsidation signal is discontinuous and extends into the 5′ end of the gag gene J Virol 1995 69 3282 3289 189039 7745675
Kurg A Sommer G Metspalu A An RNA stem-loop structure involved in the packaging of bovine leukemia virus genomic RNA in vivo Virology 1995 211 434 442 10.1006/viro.1995.1425 7645247
Mansky LM Wisniewski RM The bovine leukemia virus encapsidation signal is composed of RNA secondary structures J Virol 1998 72 3196-3204 109782 9525645
Mansky LM Gajary LC The primary nucleotide sequence of the bovine leukemia virus RNA packaging signal can influence efficient RNA packaging and virus replication Virology 2002 301 272-280 10.1006/ viro.2002.1578 12359429
Jewell NA Mansky LM Packaging of heterologous RNAs by a minimal bovine leukemia virus RNA packaging signal into virus particles Arch Virol 2005 150 1161-1173 10.1007/s00705-004-0476-7 15703852
Wang H Norris KM Mansky LM Involvement of the matrix and nucleocapsid domains of the bovine leukemia virus Gag polyprotein precursor in viral RNA packaging J Virol 2003 77 943- 9438 187409 12915558 10.1128/ JVI.77.17.9431-9438.2003
Alexandersen S Carpenter S Christensen J Storgaard T Viuff B Wannemuehler Y Belousov J Roth JA Identification of alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding potential new regulatory proteins in cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1993 67 39-52 237335 8380084
Mamoun RZ Astier-Gin T Kettmann R Deschamps J Rebeyrotte N Guillemain BJ The pX region of the bovine leukemia virus is transcribed as a 2.1-kilobase mRNA J Virol 1985 54 625-629 254838 2985826
Derse D Casey JW Two elements in the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat that regulate gene expression Science 1986 231 1437-1440 10.1126/ science.3006241 3006241
Katoh I Yoshinaka Y Ikawa Y Bovine leukemia virus trans-activator p38tax activates heterologous promoters with a common sequence known as a cAMP-responsive element or the binding site of a cellular transcription factor ATF EMBO J 1989 8 497-503 400832 2542018
Willems L Kettmann R Dequiedt F Portetelle D Voneche V Cornil I Kerkhofs P Burny A Mammerickx M In vivo infection of sheep by bovine leukemia virus mutants J Virol 1993 67 4078-4085 237776 8389918
Adam E Kerkhofs P Mammerickx M Kettmann R Burny A Droogmans L Willems L Involvement of the cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein in bovine leukemia virus expression in vivo J Virol 1994 68 5845-5853 236989 8057465
Adam E Kerkhofs P Mammerickx M Burny A Kettman R Willems L The CREB, ATF-1, and ATF-2 transcription factors from bovine leukemia virus-infected B lymphocytes activate viral expression J Virol 1996 70 1990-1999 190028 8627725
Boros IM Tie F Giam CZ Interaction of bovine leukemia virus transactivator Tax with bZip proteins Virology 1995 214 207-214 10.1006/ viro.1995.9939 8525616
Yin MJ Gaynor RB Complex formation between CREB and Tax enhances the binding affinity of CREB for the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 21-base-pair repeats Mol Cell Biol 1996 16 3156-3168 231309 8649426
Merezak C Pierreux C Adam E Lemaigre F Rousseau GG Calomme C Van Lint C Christophe D Kerkhofs P Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Suboptimal enhancer sequences are required for efficient bovine leukemia virus propagation in vivo: Implications for viral latency J Virol 2001 75 6977-6988 114426 11435578 10.1128/JVI.75.15.6977-6988.2001
Calomme C Dekoninck A Nizet S Adam E Nguyen TL Van den BA Willems L Kettmann R Burny A Van Lint C Overlapping CRE and E box motifs in the enhancer sequences of the bovine leukemia virus 5′ long terminal repeat are critical for basal and acetylation-dependent transcriptional activity of the viral promoter: Implications for viral latency J Virol 2004 78 13848-13864 533944 15564493 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13848-13864.2004
Brooks PA Nyborg JK Cockerell GL Identification of an NF-kappa B binding site in the bovine leukemia virus promoter J Virol 1995 69 6005-6009 189496 7666505
Brooks PA Cockerell GL Nyborg JK Activation of BLV transcription by NF-kappa B and Tax Virology 1998 243 94-98 10.1006/viro.1998.9035 9527918
Niermann GL Buehring GC Hormone regulation of bovine leukemia virus via the long terminal repeat Virology 1997 239 249-258 10.1006/ viro.1997.8868 9434716
Xiao J Buehring GC In vivo protein binding and functional analysis of cis-acting elements in the U3 region of the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat J Virol 1998 72 5994-6003 110404 9621062
Dekoninck A Calomme C Nizet S de Launoit Y Burny A Ghysdael J Van Lint C Identification and characterization of a PU.1/Spi-B binding site in the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat Oncogene 2003 22 2882-2896 10.1038/sj.onc.1206392 12771939
Calomme C Nguyen TL de Launoit Y Kiermer V Droogmans L Burny A Van Lint C Upstream stimulatory factors binding to an E box motif in the R region of the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat stimulates viral gene expression J Biol Chem 2002 277 8775-8789 10.1074/jbc.M107441200 11741930
Kiermer V Van Lint C Briclet D Vanhulle C Kettmann R Verdin E Burny A Droogmans L An interferon regulatory factor binding site in the U5 region of the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat stimulates Tax-independent gene expression J Virol 1998 72 5526-5534 110197 9621009
Merezak C Reichert M Van Lint C Kerkhofs P Portetelle D Willems L Kettmann R Inhibition of histone deacetylases induces bovine leukemia virus expression in vitro and in vivo J Virol 2002 76 5034-5042 136152 11967319 10.1128/JVI.76.10.5034-5042.2002
Nguyen TL Calomme C Wijmeersch G Nizet S Veithen E Portetelle D de Launoit Y Burny A Van Lint C Deacetylase inhibitors and the viral transactivator TaxBLV synergistically activate bovine leukemia virus gene expression via a cAMP-responsive element- and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-dependent mechanism J Biol Chem 2004 279 35025-35036 10.1074/jbc.M404081200 15163662
Tajima S Tsukamoto M Aida Y Latency of viral expression in vivo is not related to CpG methylation in the U3 region and part of the R region of the long terminal repeat of bovine leukemia virus J Virol 2003 77 4423-4430 150652 12634400 10.1128/JVI.77.7.4423-4430.2003
Taniguchi Y Nosaka K Yasunaga J Maeda M Mueller N Okayama A Matsuoka M Silencing of human T-cell leukemia virus type I gene transcription by epigenetic mechanisms Retrovirology 2005 2-64 1289293 16242045 10.1186/ 1742-4690-2-64
Derse D trans-acting regulation of bovine leukemia virus mRNA processing J Virol 1988 62 1115-1119 253117 2831374
Deshayes L Levy D Parodi AL Levy JP Proteins of bovine leukemia virus. I. Characterization and reactions with natural antibodies J Virol 1977 21 1056-1060 515645 191635
Gupta P Ferrer JF Detection of a precursor-like protein of bovine leukaemia virus structural polypeptides in purified virions J Gen Virol 1980 47 311-322 6154129
Mamoun RZ Astier T Guillemain B Duplan JF Bovine lymphosarcoma: expression of BLV-related proteins in cultured cells J Gen Virol 1983 64 (Pt 9) 1895-1905 6310032
Oroszlan S Copeland TD Henderson LE Stephenson JR Gilden RV Amino-terminal sequence of bovine leukemia virus major internal protein: homology with mammalian type C virus p30 structural proteins Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979 76 2996-3000 383738 223166 10.1073/pnas.76.6.2996
Uckert W Grofova M Beaudreau G Translational order of bovine leukemia virus gag and env gene-coded proteins Virology 1984 135-288 292 10.1016/ 0042-6822(84)90138-7 6328752
Matthews S Mikhailov M Burny A Roy P The solution structure of the bovine leukaemia virus matrix protein and similarity with lentiviral matrix proteins EMBO J 1996 15 3267-3274 451889 8670827
Copeland TD Morgan MA Oroszlan S Complete amino acid sequence of the nucleic acid-binding protein of bovine leukemia virus FEBS Lett 1983 156 37-40 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80243-9 6303852
Morcock DR Katakam S Kane BP Casas-Finet JR Fluorescence and nucleic acid binding properties of bovine leukemia virus nucleocapsid protein Biophys Chem 2002 97 203-212 10.1016/S0301-4622(02)00070-4 12050010
Gilden RV Long CW Hanson M Toni R Charman HP Oroszlan S Miller JM Van der Maaten MJ Characteristics of the major internal protein and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of bovine leukaemia virus J Gen Virol 1975 29 305-314 54405
Mager A Masengo R Mammerickx M Letesson JJ T cell proliferative response to bovine leukaemia virus (BLV): Identification of T cell epitopes on the major core protein (p24) in BLV-infected cattle with normal haematological values J Gen Virol 1994 75 (Pt 9) 2223-2231 7521391
Willems L Kerkhofs P Attenelle L Burny A Portetelle D Kettmann R The major homology region of bovine leukaemia virus p24gag is required for virus infectivity in vivo J Gen Virol 1997 78 (Pt 3) 637-640 9049415
Onuma M Tsukiyama K Ohya K Morishima Y Ohno R Detection of cross-reactive antibody to BLV p24 in sera of human patients infected with HTLV Microbiol Immunol 1987 31 131-137 2885727
Zandomeni RO Carrera-Zandomeni M Esteban E Ferrer JF The trans-activating C-type retroviruses share a distinct epitope(s) that induces antibodies in certain infected hosts J Gen Virol 1991 72 (Pt 9) 2113-2119 1716653
Morgan MA Copeland TD Oroszlan S Structural and antigenic analysis of the nucleic acid-binding proteins of bovine and feline leukemia viruses J Virol 1983 46 177-186 255106 6298455
Yoshinaka Y Katoh I Copeland TD Smythers GW Oroszlan S Bovine leukemia virus protease: Purification, chemical analysis, and in vitro processing of gag precursor polyproteins J Virol 1986 57 826-832 252811 3005629
Llames L Goyache J Domenech A Montana AV Suarez G Gomez-Lucia E Cellular distribution of bovine leukemia virus proteins gp51SU, Pr72(env), and Pr66(gag-pro) in persistently infected cells Virus Res 2001 79 47-57 10.1016/S0168-1702(01)00291-X 11551645
Katoh I Yasunaga T Ikawa Y Yoshinaka Y Inhibition of retroviral protease activity by an aspartyl proteinase inhibitor Nature 1987 329 654-656 10.1038/329654a0 2821409
Zahuczky G Boross P Bagossi P Emri G Copeland TD Oroszlan S Louis JM Tozser J Cloning of the bovine leukemia virus proteinase in Escherichia coli and comparison of its specificity to that of human T-cell leukemia virus proteinase Biochim Biophys Acta 2000 1478 1-8 10719169
Wang H Norris KM Mansky LM Analysis of bovine leukemia virus gag membrane targeting and late domain function J Virol 2002 76 8485-8493 155129 12134053 10.1128/JVI.76.16.8485-8493.2002
Wang H Machesky NJ Mansky LM Both the PPPY and PTAP motifs are involved in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 particle release J Virol 2004 78 1503-1512 321366 14722305 10.1128/JVI.78.3.1503-1512.2004
Callahan R Lieber MM Todaro GJ Graves DC Ferrer JF Bovine leukemia virus genes in the DNA of leukemic cattle Science 1976 192 1005-1007 10.1126/ science.179141 179141
Kettmann R Portetelle D Mammerickx M Cleuter Y Dekegel D Galoux M Ghysdael J Burny A Chantrenne H Bovine leukemia virus: An exogenous RNA oncogenic virus Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976 73 1014-1018 430190 57616 10.1073/pnas.73.4.1014
Avidan O Meer ME Oz I Hizi A The processivity and fidelity of DNA synthesis exhibited by the reverse transcriptase of bovine leukemia virus Eur J Biochem 2002 269 859-867 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02719.x 11846787
Perach M Hizi A Catalytic features of the recombinant reverse transcriptase of bovine leukemia virus expressed in bacteria Virology 1999 259 176-189 10.1006/viro.1999.9761 10364502
Mansky LM Temin HM Lower mutation rate of bovine leukemia virus relative to that of spleen necrosis virus J Virol 1994 68 494-499 236310 8254760
Kashmiri SV Mehdi R Ferrer JF Molecular cloning of covalently closed circular DNA of bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1984 49 583-587 255501 6319758
Kettmann R Couez D Burny A Restriction endonuclease mapping of linear unintegrated proviral DNA of bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1981 38 27-33 171122 6264103
Reyes RA Cockerell GL Unintegrated bovine leukemia virus DNA: association with viral expression and disease J Virol 1996 70 4961-4965 190448 8764001
Tanaka AS Tanaka M Komuro K A highly efficient method for the site-specific integration of transfected plasmids into the genome of mammalian cells using purified retroviral integrase Gene 1998 216 67-76 10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00312-6 9714743
Tanaka AS Komuro K Targeted rearrangement of a chromosomal repeat sequence by transfection of a homologous DNA sequence using purified integrase Gene Ther 2005 12 783-794 10.1038/sj.gt.3302458 15716978
Derse D Diniak AJ Casey JW Deininger PL Nucleotide sequence and structure of integrated bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeats Virology 1985 141 162-166 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90193-X 2983496
Coulston J Naif H Brandon R Kumar S Khan S Daniel RC Lavin MF Molecular cloning and sequencing of an Australian isolate of proviral bovine leukaemia virus DNA: Comparison with other isolates J Gen Virol 1990 71 (Pt 8) 1737-1746 2167927
Rice NR Stephens RM Gilden RV Sequence analysis of the bovine leukemia virus genome Enzootic bovine leukosis and bovine leukemia virus Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands 1987 115-144
Deshayes L Levy D Parodi AL Levy JP Spontaneous immune response of bovine leukemia-virus-infected cattle against five different viral proteins Int J Cancer 1980 25 503-508 10.1002/ijc.2910250412 6246009
Zarkik S Decroly E Wattiez R Seidah NG Burny A Ruysschaert JM Comparative processing of bovine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp72 by subtilisin/kexin-like mammalian convertases FEBS Lett 1997 406 205-210 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00275-5 9109419
Bruck C Rensonnet N Portetelle D Cleuter Y Mammerickx M Burny A Mamoun R Guillemain B Van der Maaten MJ Ghysdael J Biologically active epitopes of bovine leukemia virus glycoprotein gp51: Their dependence on protein glycosylation and genetic variability Virology 1984 136 20-31 10.1016/ 0042-6822(84)90244-7 6204449
Phillips M Miller JM Van der Maaten MJ Isolation of a precipitating glycoprotein antigen from cell cultures persistently infected with bovine leukemia virus J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 60 213-217 203704
Portetelle D Bruck C Mammerickx M Burny A In animals infected by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antibodies to envelope glycoprotein gp51 are directed against the carbohydrate moiety Virology 1980 105 223-233 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90169-5 6158161
Schultz AM Copeland TD Oroszlan S The envelope proteins of bovine leukemia virus: Purification and sequence analysis Virology 1984 135 417-427 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90197-1 6204444
Johnston ER Radke K The SU and TM envelope protein subunits of bovine leukemia virus are linked by disulfide bonds, both in cells and in virions J Virol 2000 74 2930-2935 111788 10684314 10.1128/ JVI.74.6.2930-2935.2000
Bruck C Mathot S Portetelle D Berte C Franssen JD Herion P Burny A Monoclonal antibodies define eight independent antigenic regions on the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope glycoprotein gp51 Virology 1982 122 342-352 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90234-3 6183819
Callebaut I Mornon JP Burny A Portetelle D The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope glycoprotein gp51 as a general model for the design of a subunit vaccine against retroviral infection: Mapping of functional sites through immunological and structural data Leukemia 1994 8 Suppl 1 S218-S221 7512181
Callebaut I Voneche V Mager A Fumiere O Krchnak V Merza M Zavada J Mammerickx M Burny A Portetelle D Mapping of B-neutralizing and T-helper cell epitopes on the bovine leukemia virus external glycoprotein gp51 J Virol 1993 67 5321-5327 237931 7688821
Portetelle D Dandoy C Burny A Zavada J Siakkou H Gras-Masse H Drobecq H Tartar A Synthetic peptides approach to identification of epitopes on bovine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp51 Virology 1989 169 34-41 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90038-X 2466371
Gatei MH Good MF Daniel RC Lavin MF T-cell responses to highly conserved CD4 and CD8 epitopes on the outer membrane protein of bovine leukemia virus: Relevance to vaccine development J Virol 1993 67 1796-1802 240227 7680386
Hislop AD Good MF Mateo L Gardner J Gatei MH Daniel RC Meyers BV Lavin MF Suhrbier A Vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes protect against retroviral challenge Nat Med 1998 4 1193-1196 10.1038/2690 9771756
Mateo L Gardner J Suhrbier A Delayed emergence of bovine leukemia virus after vaccination with a protective cytotoxic T cell-based vaccine AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2001 17 1447-1453 10.1089/088922201753197114 11679157
Johnston ER Albritton LM Radke K Envelope proteins containing single amino acid substitutions support a structural model of the receptor-binding domain of bovine leukemia virus surface protein J Virol 2002 76 10861 10872 136609 12368329 10.1128/JVI.76.21.10861-10872.2002
Ghez D Lepelletier Y Lambert S Fourneau JM Blot V Janvier S Arnulf B van Endert PM Heveker N Pique C Hermine O Neuropilin-1 is involved in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 entry J Virol 2006 80 6844-6854 1489069 16809290 10.1128/JVI.02719-05
Manel N Kim FJ Kinet S Taylor N Sitbon M Battini JL The ubiquitous glucose transporter GLUT-1 is a receptor for HTLV Cell 2003 115 449-459 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00881-X 14622599
Ban J Portetelle D Altaner C Horion B Milan D Krchnak V Burny A Kettmann R Isolation and characterization of a 2.3-kilobase-pair cDNA fragment encoding the binding domain of the bovine leukemia virus cell receptor J Virol 1993 67 1050-1057 237460 8380453
Suzuki T Matsubara Y Kitani H Ikeda H Evaluation of the delta subunit of bovine adaptor protein complex 3 as a receptor for bovine leukaemia virus J Gen Virol 2003 84 1309-1316 10.1099/vir.0.18763-0 12692298
Gatot JS Callebaut I Mornon JP Portetelle D Burny A Kerkhofs P Kettmann R Willems L Conservative mutations in the immunosuppressive region of the bovine leukemia virus transmembrane protein affect fusion but not infectivity in vivo J Biol Chem 1998 273 12870-12880 10.1074/ jbc.273.21.12870 9582317
Johnston ER Powers MA Kidd LC Radke K Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sheep infected with a variant of bovine leukemia virus synthesize envelope glycoproteins but fail to induce syncytia in culture J Virol 1996 70 6296-6303 190655 8709257
Voneche V Portetelle D Kettmann R Willems L Limbach K Paoletti E Ruysschaert JM Burny A Brasseur R Fusogenic segments of bovine leukemia virus and simian immunodeficiency virus are interchangeable and mediate fusion by means of oblique insertion in the lipid bilayer of their target cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992 89 3810-3814 525580 1315040 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3810
Voneche V Callebaut I Kettmann R Brasseur R Burny A Portetelle D The 19-27 amino acid segment of gp51 adopts an amphiphilic structure and plays a key role in the fusion events induced by bovine leukemia virus J Biol Chem 1992 267 15193-15197 1321831
Gatot JS Callebaut I Van Lint C Demonte D Kerkhofs P Portetelle D Burny A Willems L Kettmann R Bovine leukemia virus SU protein interacts with zinc, and mutations within two interacting regions differently affect viral fusion and infectivity in vivo J Virol 2002 76 7956-7967 155115 12134000 10.1128/JVI.76.16.7956-7967.2002
Alber G Kim KM Weiser P Riesterer C Carsetti R Reth M Molecular mimicry of the antigen receptor signalling motif by transmembrane proteins of the Epstein-Barr virus and the bovine leukaemia virus Curr Biol 1993 3 333-339 10.1016/0960-9822(93)90196-U 15335726
Beaufils P Choquet D Mamoun RZ Malissen B The (YXXL/I)2 signalling motif found in the cytoplasmic segments of the bovine leukaemia virus envelope protein and Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A can elicit early and late lymphocyte activation events EMBO J 1993 12 5105-5112 413772 8262054
Inabe K Nishizawa M Tajima S Ikuta K Aida Y The YXXL sequences of a transmembrane protein of bovine leukemia virus are required for viral entry and incorporation of viral envelope protein into virions J Virol 1999 73 1293-1301 103953 9882334
Willems L Gatot JS Mammerickx M Portetelle D Burny A Kerkhofs P Kettmann R The YXXL signalling motifs of the bovine leukemia virus transmembrane protein are required for in vivo infection and maintenance of high viral loads J Virol 1995 69 4137-4141 189149 7769672
Grange MP Blot V Delamarre L Bouchaert I Rocca A Dautry-Varsat A Dokhelar MC Identification of two intracellular mechanisms leading to reduced expression of oncoretrovirus envelope glycoproteins at the cell surface J Virol 2000 74 11734-11743 112456 11090173 10.1128/ JVI.74.24.11734-11743.2000
Novakovic S Sawai ET Radke K Dileucine and YXXL motifs in the cytoplasmic tail of the bovine leukemia virus transmembrane envelope protein affect protein expression on the cell surface J Virol 2004 78 8301-8311 446140 15254202 10.1128/JVI.78.15.8301-8311.2004
Hamilton VT Stone DM Pritchard SM Cantor GH Bovine leukemia virus gp30 transmembrane (TM) protein is not tyrosine phosphorylated: Examining potential interactions with host tyrosine-mediated signaling Virus Res 2002 90 155-169 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00149-1 12457971
Reichert M Winnicka A Willems L Kettmann R Cantor GH Role of the proline-rich motif of bovine leukemia virus transmembrane protein gp30 in viral load and pathogenicity in sheep J Virol 2001 75 8082-8089 115052 11483753 10.1128/JVI.75.17.8082-8089.2001
Cantor GH Pritchard SM Orlik O Splitter GA Davis WC Reeves R Bovine leukemia virus transmembrane protein gp30 physically associates with the down-regulatory phosphatase SHP-1 Cell Immunol 1999 193 117-124 10.1006/ cimm.1999.1475 10222053
Ciminale V Pavlakis GN Derse D Cunningham CP Felber BK Complex splicing in the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) family of retroviruses: Novel mRNAs and proteins produced by HTLV type I J Virol 1992 66 1737-1745 240923 1310774
Lefebvre L Ciminale V Vanderplasschen A D'Agostino D Burny A Willems L Kettmann R Subcellular localization of the bovine leukemia virus R3 and G4 accessory proteins J Virol 2002 76 7843-7854 136348 12097596 10.1128/ JVI.76.15.7843-7854.2002
Kerkhofs P Heremans H Burny A Kettmann R Willems L In vitro and in vivo oncogenic potential of bovine leukemia virus G4 protein J Virol 1998 72 2554-2559 109563 9499124
Lefebvre L Vanderplasschen A Ciminale V Heremans H Dangoisse O Jauniaux JC Toussaint JF Zelnik V Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Oncoviral bovine leukemia virus G4 and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 p13(II) accessory proteins interact with farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase Journal of Virology 2002 76 1400-1414 135811 11773414 10.1128/ JVI.76.15.7843-7854.2002
Willems L Kerkhofs P Dequiedt F Portetelle D Mammerickx M Burny A Kettmann R Attenuation of bovine leukemia virus by deletion of R3 and G4 open reading frames Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 91 11532-11536 45265 7972096 10.1073/pnas.91.24.11532
Powers MA Grossman D Kidd LC Radke K Episodic occurrence of antibodies against the bovine leukemia virus Rex protein during the course of infection in sheep J Virol 1991 65 4959-4965 248958 1651415
Rice NR Simek SL Dubois GC Showalter SD Gilden RV Stephens RM Expression of the bovine leukemia virus X region in virus-infected cells J Virol 1987 61 1577-1585 254138 3033284
McGirr KM Buehring GC tax and rex Sequences of bovine leukaemia virus from globally diverse isolates: Rex amino acid sequence more variable than tax J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2005 52 8-16 15702995
Choi EA Hope TJ Mutational analysis of bovine leukemia virus Rex: identification of a dominant-negative inhibitor J Virol 2005 79 7172-7181 1112096 15890956 10.1128/JVI.79.11.7172-7181.2005
Felber BK Derse D Athanassopoulos A Campbell M Pavlakis GN Cross-activation of the Rex proteins of HTLV-I and BLV and of the Rev protein of HIV-1 and nonreciprocal interactions with their RNA responsive elements New Biol 1989 1 318-328 2562124
Sagata N Tsuzuku-Kawamura J Nagayoshi-Aida M Shimizu F Imagawa K Ikawa Y Identification and some biochemical properties of the major XBL gene product of bovine leukemia virus Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985 82 7879-7883 390873 2999781 10.1073/pnas.82.23.7879
Powers MA Radke K Activation of bovine leukemia virus transcription in lymphocytes from infected sheep: Rapid transition through early to late gene expression J Virol 1992 66 4769-4777 241304 1378509
Haas L Divers T Casey JW Bovine leukemia virus gene expression in vivo J Virol 1992 66 6223-6225 283677 1326668
Willems L Bruck C Portetelle D Burny A Kettmann R Expression of a cDNA clone corresponding to the long open reading frame (XBL-I) of the bovine leukemia virus Virology 1987 160 55-59 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90043-2 2820139
Sakakibara N Kabeya H Ohashi K Sugimoto C Onuma M Epitope mapping of bovine leukemia virus transactivator protein tax J Vet Med Sci 1998 60 599-605 10.1292/jvms.60.599 9637294
Ogawa Y Sagata N Tsuzuku-Kawamura J Koyama H Onuma M Izawa H Ikawa Y Structure of a defective provirus of bovine leukemia virus Microbiol Immunol 1987 31 1009-1015 2828893
Van den BA Cleuter Y Chen G Portetelle D Mammerickx M Zagury D Fouchard M Coulombel L Kettmann R Burny A Even transcriptionally competent proviruses are silent in bovine leukemia virus-induced sheep tumor cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988 85 9263-9267 282719 2848258 10.1073/ pnas.85.23.9263
Tajima S Ikawa Y Aida Y Complete bovine leukemia virus (BLV) provirus is conserved in BLV-infected cattle throughout the course of B-cell lymphosarcoma development J Virol 1998 72 7569-7576 110004 9696855
Van den BA Bagnis C Ciesiolka M Cleuter Y Gelderblom H Kerkhofs P Griebel P Mannoni P Burny A In vivo rescue of a silent tax-deficient bovine leukemia virus from a tumor-derived ovine B-cell line by recombination with a retrovirally transduced wild-type tax gene J Virol 1999 73 1054-1065 103925 9882306
Twizere JC Kruys V Lefebvre L Vanderplasschen A Collete D Debacq C Lai WS Jauniaux JC Bernstein LR Semmes OJ Burny A Blackshear PJ Kettmann R Willems L Interaction of retroviral Tax oncoproteins with tristetraprolin and regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression J Natl Cancer Inst 2003 95 1846-1859 14679154
Willems L Kettmann R Burny A The amino acid (157-197) peptide segment of bovine leukemia virus p34tax encompass a leucine-rich globally neutral activation domain Oncogene 1991 6 159-163 1846955
Chen G Willems L Portetelle D Willard-Gallo KE Burny A Gheysen D Kettmann R Synthesis of functional bovine leukemia virus (BLV) p34tax protein by recombinant baculoviruses Virology 1989 173 343-347 10.1016/ 0042-6822(89)90254-7 2554576
Derse D Bovine leukemia virus transcription is controlled by a virus-encoded trans-acting factor and by cis-acting response elements J Virol 1987 61 2462-2471 255671 3037109
Willems L Gegonne A Chen G Burny A Kettmann R Ghysdael J The bovine leukemia virus p34 is a transactivator protein EMBO J 1987 6 3385-3389 553795 2828028
Sakurai M Taneda A Nagoya H Sekikawa K Construction and functional characterization of mutants of the bovine leukaemia virus trans-activator protein p34tax J Gen Virol 1991 72 (Pt 10) 2527-2531 1655959
Willems L Chen G Portetelle D Mamoun R Burny A Kettmann R Structural and functional characterization of mutants of the bovine leukemia virus transactivator protein p34 Virology 1989 171 615-618 10.1016/ 0042-6822(89)90633-8 2548333
Willems L Grimonpont C Heremans H Rebeyrotte N Chen G Portetelle D Burny A Kettmann R Mutations in the bovine leukemia virus Tax protein can abrogate the long terminal repeat-directed transactivating activity without concomitant loss of transforming potential Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992 89 3957-3961 525610 1315045 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3957
Tajima S Aida Y The region between amino acids 245 and 265 of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) tax protein restricts transactivation not only via the BLV enhancer but also via other retrovirus enhancers J Virol 2000 74 10939-10949 113173 11069988 10.1128/JVI.74.23.10939-10949.2000
Tajima S Aida Y Mutant tax protein from bovine leukemia virus with enhanced ability to activate the expression of c-fos J Virol 2002 76 2557-2562 135937 11836435 10.1128/jvi.76.5.2557-2562.2002
Tajima S Takahashi M Takeshima SN Konnai S Yin SA Watarai S Tanaka Y Onuma M Okada K Aida Y A mutant form of the tax protein of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), with enhanced transactivation activity, increases expression and propagation of BLV in vitro but not in vivo J Virol 2003 77 1894-1903 140974 12525624 10.1128/JVI.77.3.1894-1903.2003
Takahashi M Tajima S Okada K Davis WC Aida Y Involvement of bovine leukemia virus in induction and inhibition of apoptosis Microbes Infect 2005 7 19-28 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.09.014 15716078
Willems L Heremans H Chen G Portetelle D Billiau A Burny A Kettmann R Cooperation between bovine leukaemia virus transactivator protein and Ha-ras oncogene product in cellular transformation EMBO J 1990 9 1577-1581 551852 2158445
Willems L Grimonpont C Kerkhofs P Capiau C Gheysen D Conrath K Roussef R Mamoun R Portetelle D Burny A Adam E Lefebvre L Twizere JC Heremans H Kettmann R Phosphorylation of bovine leukemia virus Tax protein is required for in vitro transformation but not for transactivation Oncogene 1998 16 2165-2176 10.1038/sj.onc.1201765 9619825
Twizere JC Kerkhofs P Burny A Portetelle D Kettmann R Willems L Discordance between bovine leukemia virus tax immortalization in vitro and oncogenicity in vivo J Virol 2000 74 9895-9902 102026 11024116 10.1128/JVI.74.21.9895-9902.2000
Szynal M Cleuter Y Beskorwayne T Bagnis C Van Lint C Kerkhofs P Burny A Martiat P Griebel P Van den BA Disruption of B-cell homeostatic control mediated by the BLV-Tax oncoprotein: Association with the upregulation of Bcl-2 and signaling through NF-kappaB Oncogene 2003 22 4531-4542 10.1038/sj.onc.1206546 12881710
Klener P Szynal M Cleuter Y Merimi M Duvillier H Lallemand F Bagnis C Griebel P Sotiriou C Burny A Martiat P Van den BA Insights into gene expression changes impacting B-cell transformation: Cross-species microarray analysis of bovine leukemia virus tax-responsive genes in ovine B cells J Virol 2006 80 1922-1938 1367148 16439548 10.1128/ JVI.80.4.1922-1938.2006
Philpott SM Buehring GC Defective DNA repair in cells with human T-cell leukemia/bovine leukemia viruses: Role of tax gene J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 91 933-942 10.1093/jnci/91.11.933 10359545
Twizere JC Lefebvre L Collete D Debacq C Urbain P Heremans H Jauniaux JC Burny A Willems L Kettmann R The homeobox protein MSX2 interacts with tax oncoproteins and represses their transactivation activity J Biol Chem 2005 280 29804-29811 10.1074/jbc.M503674200 15970589
Twizere JC Springael JY Boxus M Burny A Dequiedt F Dewulf JF Duchateau J Portetelle D Urbain P Van Lint C Green PL Mahieux R Parmentier M Willems L Kettmann R Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 Tax oncoprotein regulates G protein signaling Blood 2006 16990599
Buehring GC Kramme PM Schultz RD Evidence for bovine leukemia virus in mammary epithelial cells of infected cows Lab Invest 1994 71 359-365 7933986
Domenech A Goyache J Llames L Jesus PM Suarez G Gomez-Lucia E In vitro infection of cells of the monocytic/macrophage lineage with bovine leukaemia virus J Gen Virol 2000 81 109-118 10640548
Fulton BE Jr. Portella M Radke K Dissemination of bovine leukemia virus-infected cells from a newly infected sheep lymph node J Virol 2006 80 7873-7884 1563808 16873244 10.1128/JVI.00529-06
Heeney JL Valli PJ Jacobs RM Valli VE Evidence for bovine leukemia virus infection of peripheral blood monocytes and limited antigen expression in bovine lymphoid tissue Lab Invest 1992 66 608-617 1315405
Rovnak J Casey JW Boyd AL Gonda MA Cockerell GL Isolation of bovine leukemia virus infected endothelial cells from cattle with persistent lymphocytosis Lab Invest 1991 65 192-202 1652665
Stott ML Thurmond MC Dunn SJ Osburn BI Stott JL Integrated bovine leukosis proviral DNA in T helper and T cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes J Gen Virol 1991 72 (Pt 2) 307-315 1847172
Altreuther G Llames L Neuenschwander S Langhans W Werling D Morphologic and functional changes in bovine monocytes infected in vitro with the bovine leukaemia virus Scand J Immunol 2001 54 459-469 10.1046/ j.1365-3083.2001.00994.x 11696197
Wu D Murakami K Morooka A Jin H Inoshima Y Sentsui H In vivo transcription of bovine leukemia virus and bovine immunodeficiency-like virus Virus Res 2003 97 81-87 10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00222-3 14602199
Aida Y Miyasaka M Okada K Onuma M Kogure S Suzuki M Minoprio P Levy D Ikawa Y Further phenotypic characterization of target cells for bovine leukemia virus experimental infection in sheep Am J Vet Res 1989 50 1946-1951 2559634
Aida Y Okada K Amanuma H Phenotype and ontogeny of cells carrying a tumor-associated antigen that is expressed on bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma Cancer Res 1993 53 429-437 8380256
Mirsky ML Da Y Lewin HA Detection of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in individual cells PCR Methods Appl 1993 2 333-340 8391891
Mirsky ML Olmstead CA Da Y Lewin HA The prevalence of proviral bovine leukemia virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at two subclinical stages of infection J Virol 1996 70 2178-2183 190056 8642640
Vernau W Jacobs RM Valli VE Heeney JL The immunophenotypic characterization of bovine lymphomas Vet Pathol 1997 34 222-225 9163878
Wu D Takahashi K Murakami K Tani K Koguchi A Asahina M Goryo M Aida Y Okada K B-1a, B-1b and conventional B cell lymphoma from enzootic bovine leukosis Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996 55 63-72 10.1016/ S0165-2427(96)05631-0 9014306
Saini SS Allore B Jacobs RM Kaushik A Exceptionally long CDR3H region with multiple cysteine residues in functional bovine IgM antibodies Eur J Immunol 1999 29 2420-2426 10.1002/ (SICI)1521-4141(199908)29:08<2420::AID-IMMU2420>3.0.CO;2-A 10458755
Yan XJ Albesiano E Zanesi N Yancopoulos S Sawyer A Romano E Petlickovski A Efremov DG Croce CM Chiorazzi N B cell receptors in TCL1 transgenic mice resemble those of aggressive, treatment-resistant human chronic lymphocytic leukemia Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 103 11713-11718 1518806 16864779 10.1073/pnas.0604564103
Depelchin A Letesson JJ Lostrie-Trussart N Mammerickx M Portetelle D Burny A Bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected B-cells express a marker similar to the CD5 T cell marker Immunol Lett 1989 20 69-76 10.1016/ 0165-2478(89)90071-0 2541078
Letesson JJ Mager A Mammerickx M Burny A Depelchin A B cells from bovine leukemia virus- (BLV) infected sheep with hematological disorders express the CD5 T cell marker Leukemia 1990 4 377-379 1697010
Matheise JP Delcommenne M Mager A Didembourg CH Letesson JJ CD5+ B cells from bovine leukemia virus infected cows are activated cycling cells responsive to interleukin 2 Leukemia 1992 6 304-309 1375303
Meirom R Moss S Brenner J Bovine leukemia virus-gp51 antigen expression is associated with CD5 and IgM markers on infected lymphocytes Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997 59-113 119 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00056-1 9437829
Cantor GH Palmer GH Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of bovine leukemia virus tax expression in a cell-free system Antisense Res Dev 1992 2 147-152 1327333
Hamilton VT Stone DM Cantor GH Translocation of the B cell receptor to lipid rafts is inhibited in B cells from BLV-infected, persistent lymphocytosis cattle Virology 2003 315 135-147 10.1016/ S0042-6822(03)00522-1 14592766
Chevallier N Berthelemy M Le Rhun D Laine V Levy D Schwartz-Cornil I Bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphocytosis and increased cell survival mainly involve the CD11b+ B-lymphocyte subset in sheep J Virol 1998 72 4413-4420 109673 9557733
Murakami K Okada K Ikawa Y Aida Y Bovine leukemia virus induces CD5- B cell lymphoma in sheep despite temporarily increasing CD5+ B cells in asymptomatic stage Virology 1994 202 458-465 10.1006/viro.1994.1362 7516599
Takahashi M Tajima S Takeshima SN Konnai S Yin SA Okada K Davis WC Aida Y Ex vivo survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in sheep induced by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) mainly occurs in CD5- B cells that express BLV Microbes Infect 2004 6 584-595 10.1016/ j.micinf.2004.02.014 15158193
Aida Y Okada K Ohtsuka M Amanuma H Tumor-associated M(r) 34,000 and M(r) 32,000 membrane glycoproteins that are serine phosphorylated specifically in bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma cells Cancer Res 1992 52 6463-6470 1330294
Aida Y Amanuma H Okada K Identification of tumor-associated antigen that is expressed on bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma cells and expression of its human homologue in human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-infected cell lines Leukemia 1994 8 Suppl 1 S231-S234 8152299
Aida Y Nishino Y Amanuma H Murakami K Okada K Ikawa Y The role of tumor-associated antigen in bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma Leukemia 1997 11 Suppl 3 216-218 9209345
Stone DM Hof AJ Davis WC Up-regulation of IL-2 receptor alpha and MHC class II expression on lymphocyte subpopulations from bovine leukemia virus infected lymphocytotic cows Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1995 48 65-76 10.1016/0165-2427(95)05423-4 8533317
Hanon E Stinchcombe JC Saito M Asquith BE Taylor GP Tanaka Y Weber JN Griffiths GM Bangham CR Fratricide among CD8(+) T lymphocytes naturally infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Immunity 2000 13 657-664 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00065-0 11114378
Nagai M Brennan MB Sakai JA Mora CA Jacobson S CD8(+) T cells are an in vivo reservoir for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I Blood 2001 98 1858-1861 10.1182/blood.V98.6.1858 11535522
Willems L Portetelle D Kerkhofs P Chen G Burny A Mammerickx M Kettmann R In vivo transfection of bovine leukemia provirus into sheep Virology 1992 189 775-777 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90604-N 1322602
Rovnak J Boyd AL Casey JW Gonda MA Jensen WA Cockerell GL Pathogenicity of molecularly cloned bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1993 67 7096 7105 238171 8230433
Bartoe JT Albrecht B Collins ND Robek MD Ratner L Green PL Lairmore MD Functional role of pX open reading frame II of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 in maintenance of viral loads in vivo J Virol 2000 74 1094-1100 111443 10627519 10.1128/JVI.74.3.1094-1100.2000
Collins ND Newbound GC Albrecht B Beard JL Ratner L Lairmore MD Selective ablation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 p12I reduces viral infectivity in vivo Blood 1998 91 4701-4707 9616168
Silverman LR Phipps AJ Montgomery A Ratner L Lairmore MD Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 open reading frame II-encoded p30II is required for in vivo replication: Evidence of in vivo reversion J Virol 2004 78 3837-3845 374265 15047799 10.1128/JVI.78.8.3837-3845.2004
Van den BA Cleuter Y Beskorwayne T Kerkhofs P Szynal M Bagnis C Burny A Griebel P CD154 costimulated ovine primary B cells, a cell culture system that supports productive infection by bovine leukemia virus J Virol 2001 75 1095-1103 114015 11152482 10.1128/JVI.75.3.1095-1103.2001
Kettmann R Bruck C Mammerickx M Burny A BLV proviral DNA in the genome of the target lymphocyte Arch Geschwulstforsch 1980 50 735-742 6261715
Debacq C Sanchez Alcaraz MT Mortreux F Kerkhofs P Kettmann R Willems L Reduced proviral loads during primo-infection of sheep by Bovine Leukemia virus attenuated mutants Retrovirology 2004 1 31 526217 15462678 10.1186/1742-4690-1-31
Moules V Pomier C Sibon D Gabet AS Reichert N Kerkhofs P Willems L Mortreux F Wattel E Fate of premalignant clones during the asymptomatic phase preceding lymphoid malignancy Cancer Research 2005 65 1234-1243 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1834 15735007
Kettmann R Deschamps J Cleuter Y Couez D Burny A Marbaix G Leukemogenesis by bovine leukemia virus: Proviral DNA integration and lack of RNA expression of viral long terminal repeat and 3′ proximate cellular sequences Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982 79 2465-2469 346219 6283527 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2465
Deschamps J Kettmann R Burny A Experiments with cloned complete tumor-derived bovine leukemia virus information prove that the virus is totally exogenous to its target animal species J Virol 1981 40 605-609 256666 6275107
Ogawa Y Sagata N Tsuzuku-Kawamura J Onuma M Izawa H Ikawa Y No involvement of bovine leukemia virus in sporadic bovine lymphosarcoma Microbiol Immunol 1986 30 697-701 3022115
Gregoire D Couez D Deschamps J Heuertz S Hors-Cayla MC Szpirer J Szpirer C Burny A Huez G Kettmann R Different bovine leukemia virus-induced tumors harbor the provirus in different chromosomes J Virol 1984 50 275-279 255611 6321797
Kettmann R Deschamps J Couez D Claustriaux JJ Palm R Burny A Chromosome integration domain for bovine leukemia provirus in tumors J Virol 1983 47 146-150 255216 6306270
Kettmann R Marbaix G Cleuter Y Portetelle D Mammerickx M Burny A Genomic integration of bovine leukemia provirus and lack of viral RNA expression in the target cells of cattle with different responses to BLV infection Leuk Res 1980 4 509-519 10.1016/0145-2126(80)90062-4 6259449
Kettmann R Cleuter Y Gregoire D Burny A Role of the 3′ long open reading frame region of bovine leukemia virus in the maintenance of cell transformation J Virol 1985 54 899-901 254885 2987544
Gaynor EM Mirsky ML Lewin HA Use of flow cytometry and RT-PCR for detecting gene expression by single cells Biotechniques 1996 21 286-291 8862814
Jensen WA Rovnak J Cockerell GL In vivo transcription of the bovine leukemia virus tax/rex region in normal and neoplastic lymphocytes of cattle and sheep J Virol 1991 65 2484-2490 240603 1850025
Lagarias DM Radke K Transcriptional activation of bovine leukemia virus in blood cells from experimentally infected, asymptomatic sheep with latent infections J Virol 1989 63 2099 -107 250626 2539506
Radke K Sigala TJ Grossman D Transcription of bovine leukemia virus in peripheral blood cells obtained during early infection in vivo Microb Pathog 1992 12 319-331 10.1016/0882-4010(92)90095-6 1323740
Gupta P Ferrer JF Expression of bovine leukemia virus genome is blocked by a nonimmunoglobulin protein in plasma from infected cattle Science 1982 215 405-407 10.1126/science.6276975 6276975
Gupta P Kashmiri SV Ferrer JF Transcriptional control of the bovine leukemia virus genome: Role and characterization of a non-immunoglobulin plasma protein from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle J Virol 1984 50 267-270 255609 6321796
van den Heuvel MJ Jefferson BJ Jacobs RM Isolation of a bovine plasma fibronectin-containing complex which inhibits the expression of bovine leukemia virus p24 J Virol 2005 79 8164-8170 1143752 15956561 10.1128/ JVI.79.13.8164-8170.2005
Tsukiyama K Onuma M Izawa H Effect of platelet-derived factor on expression of bovine leukemia virus genome Arch Virol 1987 96 89-96 10.1007/BF01310992 3039948
Tajima S Aida Y Induction of expression of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in blood taken from BLV-infected cows without removal of plasma Microbes Infect 2005 7 1211-1216 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.010 16002314
Driscoll DM Baumgartener LE Olson C Concanavalin A and the production of bovine leukemia virus antigen in short-term lymphocyte cultures J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 58 1513-1514 192904
Trueblood ES Brown WC Palmer GH Davis WC Stone DM McElwain TF B-lymphocyte proliferation during bovine leukemia virus-induced persistent lymphocytosis is enhanced by T-lymphocyte-derived interleukin-2 J Virol 1998 72 3169-3177 109775 9525643
Stock ND Ferrer JF Replicating C-type virus in phytohemagglutinin-treated buffy-coat cultures of bovine origin J Natl Cancer Inst 1972 48 985-996 5067345
Kidd LC Radke K Lymphocyte activators elicit bovine leukemia virus expression differently as asymptomatic infection progresses Virology 1996 217 167-177 10.1006/viro.1996.0104 8599201
Jensen WA Wicks-Beard BJ Cockerell GL Inhibition of protein kinase C results in decreased expression of bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1992 66 4427-4433 241250 1318412
Kerkhofs P Adam E Droogmans L Portetelle D Mammerickx M Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Cellular pathways involved in the ex vivo expression of bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1996 70 2170-2177 190055 8642639
Cornil I Delon P Parodi AL Levy D T-B cell cooperation for bovine leukemia virus expression in ovine lymphocytes Leukemia 1988 2 313-317 2836667
Djilali S Parodi AL Levy D Bovine leukemia virus replicates in sheep B lymphocytes under a T cell released factor Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987 23 81-85 10.1016/0277-5379(87)90423-8 3036537
Pyeon D O'Reilly KL Splitter GA Increased interleukin-10 mRNA expression in tumor-bearing or persistently lymphocytotic animals infected with bovine leukemia virus J Virol 1996 70 5706-5710 190539 8764093
Yakobson B Brenner J Ungar-Waron H Trainin Z Short-termed expression of interleukin-12 during experimental BLV infection may direct disease progression to persistent lymphocytosis Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998 64 207-218 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00136-6 9730217
Pyeon D Splitter GA Regulation of bovine leukemia virus tax and pol mRNA levels by interleukin-2 and -10 J Virol 1999 73 8427-8434 112861 10482594
Pyeon D Diaz FJ Splitter GA Prostaglandin E(2) increases bovine leukemia virus tax and pol mRNA levels via cyclooxygenase 2: Regulation by interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and bovine leukemia virus J Virol 2000 74 5740-5745 112065 10823885 10.1128/JVI.74.12.5740-5745.2000
Amills M Ramiya V Norimine J Olmstead CA Lewin HA Reduced IL-2 and IL-4 mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells from bovine leukemia virus-infected cows with persistent lymphocytosis Virology 2002 304 1-9 10.1006/ viro.2002.1651 12490398
Isaacson JA Flaming KP Roth JA Increased MHC class II and CD25 expression on lymphocytes in the absence of persistent lymphocytosis in cattle experimentally infected with bovine leukemia virus Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998 64 235-248 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00139-1 9730219
Sordillo LM Hicks CR Pighetti GM Altered interleukin-2 production by lymphocyte populations from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 207 268-273 7800682
Stone DM McElwain TF Davis WC Enhanced B-lymphocyte expression of IL-2R alpha associated with T lymphocytosis in BLV-infected persistently lymphocytotic cows Leukemia 1994 8 1057-1061 7516028
Keefe RG Ferrick DA Stott JL Cytokine transcription in lymph nodes of cattle in different stages of bovine leukemia virus infection Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997 59 271-283 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00083-4 9477477
Amills M Norimine J Olmstead CA Lewin HA Cytokine mRNA expression in B cells from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle with persistent lymphocytosis Cytokine 2004 28 25-28 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.06.004 15341922
Meirom R Moss S Brenner J Heller D Trainin Z Levels and role of cytokines in bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection Leukemia 1997 11 Suppl 3 219-220 9209346
Keefe RG Choi Y Ferrick DA Stott JL Bovine cytokine expression during different phases of bovine leukemia virus infection Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997 56 39-51 10.1016/S0165-2427(96)05727-3 9220579
Konnai S Usui T Ohashi K Onuma M The rapid quantitative analysis of bovine cytokine genes by real-time RT-PCR Vet Microbiol 2003 94 283-294 10.1016/S0378-1135(03)00119-6 12829382
Muller C Coffey TJ Koss M Teifke JP Langhans W Werling D Lack of TNF alpha supports persistence of a plasmid encoding the bovine leukaemia virus in TNF(-/-) mice Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003 92 15-22 10.1016/ S0165-2427(03)00020-5 12628760
Kabeya H Ohashi K Onuma M Host immune responses in the course of bovine leukemia virus infection J Vet Med Sci 2001 63 703-708 10.1292/ jvms.63.703 11503896
Usui T Konnai S Ohashi K Onuma M Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in IgM+ B-cells from bovine leukemia virus-infected lymphocytotic sheep Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006 112 296-301 10.1016/ j.vetimm.2006.03.002 16621026
Kabeya H Ohashi K Oyunbileg N Nagaoka Y Aida Y Sugimoto C Yokomizo Y Onuma M Up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA is associated with bovine-leukemia virus (BLV) elimination in the early phase of infection Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999 68 255-265 10.1016/ S0165-2427(99)00029-X 10438324
Konnai S Usui T Ikeda M Kohara J Hirata T Okada K Ohashi K Onuma M Tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulation in spontaneously proliferating cells derived from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle Arch Virol 2006 151 347-360 10.1007/s00705-005-0622-x 16155729
Konnai S Usui T Ikeda M Kohara J Hirata T Okada K Ohashi K Onuma M Imbalance of tumor necrosis factor receptors during progression in bovine leukemia virus infection Virology 2005 339 239-248 10.1016/ j.virol.2005.06.010 15993916
Sentsui H Murakami K Inoshima Y Yokoyama T Inumaru S Anti-viral effect of recombinant bovine interferon gamma on bovine leukaemia virus Cytokine 2001 16 227-231 10.1006/cyto.2001.0967 11884026
Usui T Konnai S Ohashi K Onuma M Interferon-gamma expression associated with suppression of bovine leukemia virus at the early phase of infection in sheep Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006
Murakami K Sentsui H Inoshima Y Inumaru S Increase in gammadelta T cells in the blood of cattle persistently infected with bovine leukemia virus following administration of recombinant bovine IFN-gamma Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004 101 61-71 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.04.016 15261693
Yakobson B Brenner J Ungar-Waron H Trainin Z Cellular immune response cytokine expression during the initial stage of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection determines the disease progression to persistent lymphocytosis Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2000 23 197-208 10.1016/ S0147-9571(99)00074-0 10855665
Klintevall K Fuxler L Fossum C Bovine leukemia virus: Early reflections in blood after an experimental infection of calves Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1997 20 119-130 10.1016/S0147-9571(96)00043-4 9208197
Kohara J Yokomizo Y In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Recombinant Bovine Interferon-tau on Bovine Leukemia Virus J Vet Med Sci 2007 69 15-19 10.1292/jvms.69.15 17283394
Dequiedt F Kettmann R Burny A Willems L Nucleotide sequence of the ovine P53 tumor-suppressor cDNA and its genomic organization DNA Seq 1995 5 255-259 7626788
Ishiguro N Furuoka H Matsui T Horiuchi M Shinagawa M Asahina M Okada K p53 mutation as a potential cellular factor for tumor development in enzootic bovine leukosis Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997 55 351-358 10.1016/S0165-2427(96)05721-2 9151406
Zhuang W Tajima S Okada K Ikawa Y Aida Y Point mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene in bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma Leukemia 1997 11 Suppl 3 344-346 9209385
Tajima S Zhuang WZ Kato MV Okada K Ikawa Y Aida Y Function and Conformation of Wild-Type p53 Protein Are Influenced by Mutations in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Induced B-Cell Lymphosarcoma Virology 1998 243 235-246 10.1006/viro.1998.9051 9527933
Reyes RA Cockerell GL Increased ratio of bcl-2/bax expression is associated with bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis in cattle Virology 1998 242 184-192 10.1006/viro.1998.9029 9501056
Dequiedt F Kettmann R Burny A Willems L Mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are frequently associated with bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis in cattle but not in sheep Virology 1995 209 676-683 10.1006/viro.1995.1303 7778302
Schnurr MW Carter RF Dube ID Valli VE Jacobs RM Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in bovine lymphoma Leuk Res 1994 18 91-99 10.1016/ 0145-2126(94)90124-4 8107493
Lewin HA Russell GC Glass EJ Comparative organization and function of the major histocompatibility complex of domesticated cattle Immunol Rev 1999 167 145-158 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1999.tb01388.x 10319257
Lewin HA Bernoco D Evidence for BoLA-linked resistance and susceptibility to subclinical progression of bovine leukaemia virus infection Anim Genet 1986 17 197-207 3490197
Lewin HA Wu MC Stewart JA Nolan TJ Association between BoLA and subclinical bovine leukemia virus infection in a herd of Holstein-Friesian cows Immunogenetics 1988 27 338-344 10.1007/BF00395129 2833437
Xu A van Eijk MJ Park C Lewin HA Polymorphism in BoLA-DRB3 exon 2 correlates with resistance to persistent lymphocytosis caused by bovine leukemia virus J Immunol 1993 151 6977-6985 8258704
Zanotti M Poli G Ponti W Polli M Rocchi M Bolzani E Longeri M Russo S Lewin HA van Eijk MJ Association of BoLA class II haplotypes with subclinical progression of bovine leukaemia virus infection in Holstein-Friesian cattle Anim Genet 1996 27 337-341 8930075
Mirsky ML Olmstead C Da Y Lewin HA Reduced bovine leukaemia virus proviral load in genetically resistant cattle Anim Genet 1998 29 245-252 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.00320.x 9745662
Konnai S Usui T Ikeda M Kohara J Hirata TI Okada K Ohashi K Onuma M Tumor necrosis factor-alpha genetic polymorphism may contribute to progression of bovine leukemia virus-infection Microbes Infect 2006 16839795
Nagaoka Y Kabeya H Onuma M Kasai N Okada K Aida Y Ovine MHC class II DRB1 alleles associated with resistance or susceptibility to development of bovine leukemia virus-induced ovine lymphoma Cancer Res 1999 59 975-981 10029093
Konnai S Takeshima SN Tajima S Yin SA Okada K Onuma M Aida Y The influence of ovine MHC class II DRB1 alleles on immune response in bovine leukemia virus infection Microbiol Immunol 2003 47 223-232 12725293
Portetelle D Mammerickx M Burny A Use of two monoclonal antibodies in an ELISA test for the detection of antibodies to bovine leukaemia virus envelope protein gp51 J Virol Methods 1989 23 211-222 10.1016/ 0166-0934(89)90135-3 2542354
Radke K Grossman D Kidd LC Humoral immune response of experimentally infected sheep defines two early periods of bovine leukemia virus replication Microb Pathog 1990 9 159-171 10.1016/0882-4010(90)90019-M 1964997
Portetelle D Bruck C Burny A Dekegel D Mammerickx M Urbain J Detection of complement-dependent lytic antibodies in sera from bovine leukemia virus-infected animals Ann Rech Vet 1978 9 667-674 224763
Nagy DW Tyler JW Stoker A Kleiboeker SB Association between the strength of serologic recognition of bovine leukosis virus and lymphocyte count in bovine leukosis virus-infected cows J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002 220 1681-1684 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1681 12051510
Lundberg P Splitter GA gammadelta(+) T-Lp6phocyte cytotoxicity against envelope-expressing target cells is unique to the alymphocytic state of bovine leukemia virus infection in the natural host J Virol 2000 74 8299-8306 116339 10954528 10.1128/JVI.74.18.8299-8306.2000
Kabeya H Ohashi K Sugimoto C Onuma M Characterization of immune responses caused by bovine leukemia virus envelope peptides in sheep J Vet Med Sci 1999 61 475-480 10.1292/jvms.61.475 10379937
Stone DM Norton LK Chambers JC Meek WJ CD4 T lymphocyte activation in BLV-induced persistent B lymphocytosis in cattle Clin Immunol 2000 96 280-288 10.1006/clim.2000.4900 10964547
Oldstone MBA Viral persistence: Parameters, mechanisms and future predictions Virology 2006 344 111-118 10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.028 16364742
Brenner J Van Haam M Savir D Trainin Z The implication of BLV infection in the productivity, reproductive capacity and survival rate of a dairy cow Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1989 22 299-305 10.1016/ 0165-2427(89)90017-2 2560862
Wattel E Cavrois M Gessain A WainHobson S Clonal expansion of infected cells: A way of life for HTLV-I Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 1996 13 S92-S99 10.1097/ 00042560-199600001-00016
Dequiedt F Hanon E Kerkhofs P Pastoret PP Portetelle D Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Both wild-type and strongly attenuated bovine leukemia viruses protect peripheral blood mononuclear cells from apoptosis J Virol 1997 71 630-639 191094 8985393
Schwartz-Cornil I Chevallier N Belloc C Le Rhun D Laine V Berthelemy M Mateo A Levy D Bovine leukaemia virus-induced lymphocytosis in sheep is associated with reduction of spontaneous B cell apoptosis J Gen Virol 1997 78 (Pt 1) 153-162 9010299
Alcaraz TS Kerkhofs P Reichert M Kettmann R Willems L Involvement of glutathione as a mechanism of indirect protection against spontaneous ex vivo apoptosis associated with bovine leukemia virus Journal of Virology 2004 78 6180-6189 416522 15163711 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6180-6189.2004
Debacq C Asquith B Reichert M Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Reduced cell turnover in bovine leukemia virus-infected, persistently lymphocytotic cattle J Virol 2003 77 13073-13083 296050 14645564 10.1128/ JVI.77.24.13073-13083.2003
Dequiedt F Cantor GH Hamilton VT Pritchard SM Davis WC Kerkhofs P Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Bovine leukemia virus-induced persistent lymphocytosis in cattle does not correlate with increased ex vivo survival of B lymphocytes J Virol 1999 73 1127-1137 103933 9882314
Gupta P Kashmiri SV Erisman MD Rothberg PG Astrin SM Ferrer JF Enhanced expression of the c-myc gene in bovine leukemia virus-induced bovine tumors Cancer Res 1986 46 6295-6298 3022917
Hailata N Johnson R al Bagdadi F Hanash S Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in sheep infected with bovine leukemia virus Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1995 44 211-222 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05319-N 7747402
Stone DM Norton LK Magnuson NS Davis WC Elevated pim-1 and c-myc proto-oncogene induction in B lymphocytes from BLV-infected cows with persistent B lymphocytosis Leukemia 1996 10 1629-1638 8847898
Debacq C Asquith B Kerkhofs P Portetelle D Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Increased cell proliferation, but not reduced cell death, induces lymphocytosis in bovine leukemia virus-infected sheep Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 99 10048-10053 126622 12119390 10.1073/pnas.142100999
Jacobs A Clark RE Pathogenesis and Clinical Variations in the Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clinics in Haematology 1986 15 925-951 3552349
Ristevski B Young AJ Dudler L Cahill RNP Kimpton W Washington E Hay JB Tracking dendritic cells: Use of an in situ method to label all blood leukocytes International Immunology 2003 15 159-165 10.1093/intimm/ dxg016 12578845
Hay JB Andrade WN Lymphocyte recirculation, exercise, and immune responses Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998 76 490-496 10.1139/cjpp-76-5-490 9839074
Hein WR Griebel PJ A road less travelled: Large animal models in immunological research Nat Rev Immunol 2003 3 79-84 10.1038/nri977 12511878
Young AJ Hay JB Mackay CR Lymphocyte recirculation and life span in vivo Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1993 184 161-173 8313719
Debacq C Gillet N Asquith B Sanchez-Alcaraz MT Florins A Boxus M Schwartz-Cornil I Bonneau M Jean G Kerkhofs P Hay J Thewis A Kettmann R Willems L Peripheral blood B-cell death compensates for excessive proliferation in lymphoid tissues and maintains homeostasis in bovine leukemia virus-infected sheep J Virol 2006 80 9710-9719 1617237 16973575 10.1128/JVI.01022-06
Asquith B Debacq C Florins A Gillet N Sanchez Alcaraz MT Mosley A Willems L Quantifying lymphocyte kinetics in vivo using CFSE Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 2006 in press
Florins A Gillet N Asquith B Debacq C Jean G Schwartz-Cornil I Bonneau M Burny A Reichert M Kettmann R Willems L Spleen-Dependent Turnover of CD11b Peripheral Blood B Lymphocytes in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Sheep J Virol 2006 80 11998-12008 10.1128/JVI.01447-06 17035334
Achachi A Florins A Gillet N Debacq C Urbain P Foutsop GM Vandermeers F Jasik A Reichert M Kerkhofs P Lagneaux L Burny A Kettmann R Willems L Valproate activates bovine leukemia virus gene expression, triggers apoptosis, and induces leukemia/lymphoma regression in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005 102 10309-10314 1177395 16006517 10.1073/ pnas.0504248102
Kamoi K Yamamoto K Misawa A Miyake A Ishida T Tanaka Y Mochizuki M Watanabe T SUV39H1 interacts with HTLV-1 Tax and abrogates Tax transactivation of HTLV-1 LTR Retrovirology 2006 3 5 1363732 16409643 10.1186/1742-4690-3-5
Hivin P Basbous J Raymond F Henaff D Arpin-Andre C Robert-Hebmann V Barbeau B Mesnard JM The HBZ-SP1 isoform of human T-cell leukemia virus type I represses JunB activity by sequestration into nuclear bodies Retrovirology 2007 4 14 1805765 17306025 10.1186/1742-4690-4-14
Satou Y Yasunaga J Yoshida M Matsuoka M HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor gene mRNA supports proliferation of adult T cell leukemia cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 103 720-725 1334651 16407133 10.1073/ pnas.0507631103
Inoue J Seiki M Taniguchi T Tsuru S Yoshida M Induction of interleukin 2 receptor gene expression by p40x encoded by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 EMBO J 1986 5 2883-2888 1167238 3024966
Asquith B Mosley AJ Heaps A Tanaka Y Taylor GP McLean AR Bangham CR Quantification of the virus-host interaction in human T lymphotropic virus I infection Retrovirology 2005 2 75 1327681 16336683 10.1186/ 1742-4690-2-75
Lagarias DM Radke K Transient increases of blood mononuclear cells that could express bovine leukemia virus early after experimental infection of sheep Microb Pathog 1990 9 147-158 10.1016/0882-4010(90)90018-L 1964996
Yoo C Jones P Epigenetic therapy of cancer: Past, present and future Nature reviews 2006 5 37-50 10.1038/nrd1930 16485345
Blaheta RA Nau H Michaelis M Cinatl J Valproate and valproate-analogues: Potent tools to fight against cancer Current Medicinal Chemistry 2002 9 1417-1433 12173980
Drummond DC Noble CO Kirpotin DB Guo ZX Scott GK Benz CC Clinical development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anticancer agents Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2005 45 495-528 10.1146/ annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095825
Insinga A Monestiroli S Ronzoni S Gelmetti V Marchesi F Viale A Altucci L Nervi C Minucci S Pelicci PG Inhibitors of histone deacetylases induce tumor-selective apoptosis through activation of the death receptor pathway Nature Medicine 2005 11 71-76 10.1038/nm1160 15619634
Nebbioso A Clarke N Voltz E Germain E Ambrosino C Bontempo P Alvarez R Schiavone EM Ferrara F Bresciani F Weisz A de Lera AR Gronemeyer H Altucci L Tumor-selective action of HDAC inhibitors involves TRAIL induction in acute myeloid leukemia cells Nature Medicine 2005 11 77-84 10.1038/nm1161 15619633
Nakagawa M Nakahara K Maruyama Y Kawabata M Higuchi I Kubota H Izumo S Arimura K Osame M Therapeutic trials in 200 patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis Journal of Neurovirology 1996 2 345-355 8912211
Oh U Yamano Y Mora CA Ohayon J Bagnato F Butman JA Dambrosia J Leist TP McFarland H Jacobson S Interferon-beta 1a therapy in human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated neurologic disease Annals of Neurology 2005 57 526-534 10.1002/ana.20429 15786444
Saito M Nakagawa M Kaseda S Matsuzaki T Jonosono M Eiraku N Kubota R Takenouchi N Nagai M Furukawa Y Usuku K Izumo S Osame M Decreased human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus load and alteration in T cell phenotype after interferon-alpha therapy for HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis Journal of Infectious Diseases 2004 189 29-40 10.1086/380101 14702150
Ikegami M Umehara F Ikegami N Maekawa R Osame M Selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, N-biphenyl sulfonyl phenylalanine hydroxamic acid, inhibits the migration of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy Journal of Neuroimmunology 2002 127 134-138 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00100-5 12044984
Machuca A Soriano V In vivo fluctuation of HTLV-I and HTLV-II proviral load in patients receiving antiretroviral drugs Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2000 24 189-193 10935697
Sheremata WA Benedict D Squilacote DC Sazant A Defreitas E High-Dose Zidovudine Induction in Htlv-I-Associated Myelopathy - Safety and Possible Efficacy Neurology 1993 43 2125-2129 8413977
Taylor GP Hall SE Navarrete S Michie CA Davis R Witkover AD Rossor M Nowak MA Rudge P Matutes E Bangham CRM Weber JN Effect of lamivudine on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) DNA copy number, T-cell phenotype, and anti-tax cytotoxic T-cell frequency in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy Journal of Virology 1999 73 10289-10295 113083 10559346
Taylor GP Goon P Furukawa Y Green H Barfield A Mosley A Nose H Babiker A Rudge P Usuku K Osame M Bangham CR Weber JN Zidovudine plus lamivudine in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type-I-associated myelopathy: A randomised trial Retrovirology 2006 3 63 1590049 16984654 10.1186/1742-4690-3-63
Bazarbachi A Ghez D Lepelletier Y Nasr R de The H El Sabban ME Hermine O New therapeutic approaches for adult T-cell leukaemia Lancet Oncol 2004 5 664-672 10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01608-0 15522654