Doctoral thesis (Dissertations and theses)
Comparaison des bilans azoté, des émissions atmopshériques et des rayons de gene olfactive d'exploitations productrices de porc biologique, fermier et conventionnel en Région wallonne.
Degre, Aurore
2005
 

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Keywords :
multicriteria analysis; environmental assessment
Abstract :
[en] The pig production in walloon region exists in different forms. The conventional production exists side by side with some productions of “differentiated qualities” that are encouraged as much by the European Union as by the Walloon Region. At the same time, the EU and the Walloon Region are imposing environmental limitations concerning the management of nitrogen, the respect to the residents… Differentiated quality and the respect of the environment seem to be linked implicitly, but no demonstration of this exists for the pig production. The object of the present survey was to compare the nitrogen balances, the atmospheric emissions and the distance of odour diffusion for the conventional production, organic production and the production "fermier". This is taking into account the real process performances of the farms, existing legislation, the opinion of a jury of experts on the relative importance of the atmospheric emissions of pig production and the political objectives of the Region they are situated in. This survey is based on 21 farms, which are organised into three categories. These farms have been audited with the software “Ecoferme”. The nitrogen fluxes and the nitrogen balance within these exploitations were simulated. The atmospheric emissions and the distance of odour diffusion were estimated as well. A jury of 16 experts was formed, which was composed of four poles: a scientific pole, a pole of public proxies and administrations, a pole of producers and a pole of the third party (citizens, neighbours, … ). This jury was questioned according to a Delphi method (individually and repetitively) to assign a relative importance to the emissions of ammonia, greenhouse gases, molecular nitrogen and odour. The most important weighting was assigned to the odour diffusion, the emission of ammonia came next, then the emissions of greenhouse gas and finally the emission of molecular nitrogen got a weak weighting. Some criteria have been constructed to characterize the performances of the farms, which take into account of the spreading of organic nitrogen and the commitment taken by the Region to follow the protocols of Kyoto and Gothenburg. The comparison of the process performances was achieved by means of the method of multicriteria analysis Electre III, which was applied to the global averages. The relative ordering obtained was: organic production, production “fermier” and conventional production. However within every sample an important variability of the performances was observed. The same method applied within every sample enables the creation of subgroups, working according to the same specifications but with weak, middle and good performances. The application of the ordering method to the nine subgroups shows that the most effective exploitations of every system of production are classified as top of the class. Thus, on average, the production of differentiated qualities are more environmentally effective than the conventional production but the variability of the performances within a system of production is important and it is quite possible for the conventional exploitations to reach some results comparable to those of the best organic and “fermier” exploitations.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Degre, Aurore  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Sciences et technologie de l'environnement > Hydrologie et hydraulique agricole
Language :
French
Title :
Comparaison des bilans azoté, des émissions atmopshériques et des rayons de gene olfactive d'exploitations productrices de porc biologique, fermier et conventionnel en Région wallonne.
Alternative titles :
[en] Comparison of nitrogen balance, atmospheric emissions and odour diffusion of organic pig farms, ‘fermier’ labelled pig farms and conventional pig farms in the walloon region.
Defense date :
2005
Number of pages :
138+62
Institution :
ULiège. GxABT - Liège Université. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
Degree :
Doctorat en environnement
Promotor :
Debouche, Charles ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Echanges Eau - Sol - Plantes
Verheve, Didier
Jury member :
Nicks, Baudouin ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de gestion vétérinaire des Ressources Animales (DRA)
Marcoen, Jean Marie ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Echanges Eau - Sol - Plantes
Feltz, Claude ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT
Lebailly, Philippe  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Modélisation et développement
Thewis, André ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Ingénierie des productions animales et nutrition
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since 16 June 2010

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