Assessment of thiamine status in humans

[en] Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient with established adverse health consequences associated with acute deficiency. Emerging evidence also suggests long-term neurocognitive deficits due to sub-clinical deficiency in early life, and there is a growing appreciation of a potential role for thiamine in Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the assessment of thiamine biomarkers, particularly in large, population-based studies, is critical to grasp the true scope of this public health problem. The most reliable biomarkers of thiamine status are whole blood concentrations of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the functional assay of transketolase activity (erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient, ETKAC). Plasma thiamine reflects recent intake, and is not a useful biomarker ofthiamine status. This manuscript describes the different biomarkers and methods of assessment, their advantages and disadvantages, and related cutoffs for deficiency. A table of ‘performance characteristics’ is provided to guide users on the quality and performance characteristics of each assay, and practicalities related to their cost, resource requirement, and maintenance. Provision of these insights will help inform decisions about inclusion of thiamine analysis in future work to better understand the extent of global thiamine deficiency.

Research Center/Unit :

GIGA Neurosciences-Neurophysiology - ULiège

Disciplines :

Public health, health care sciences & services

Author, co-author :

Jones, Kerry S.

Bettendorff, Lucien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biochimie et physiologie humaine et pathologique

Frank, Elizabeth L.

Whitfield, Kyly C.

Language :

English

Title :

Assessment of thiamine status in humans

Publication date :

2026

Journal title :

Methods in Enzymology

ISSN :

0076-6879

Publisher :

Elsevier, United States

Volume :

735

Pages :

189-216

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0076687926002326?httpAccept=text/xml

Available on ORBi :

since 03 July 2026

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