Effect and its mechanism of spatial coherence of track irregularity on dynamic responses of railway vehicles

Coherence scale; Critical wavelength; Stochastic excitation; Track irregularity; Vehicle dynamics; Vibration and noise; Dynamic behaviors; Frequency-domain methods; Periodic fluctuations; Spatial coherence; Stochastic excitations; Time-domain methods; Wide frequency range; Control and Systems Engineering; Signal Processing; Civil and Structural Engineering; Aerospace Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Computer Science Applications

Abstract :

[en] A running vehicle is subjected to multiple stochastic excitations due to the irregular profiles of the wheels and rails. The combined wheel-rail irregularities on each wheel can be partly incoherent and partly coherent in reality. As a result, different assumptions for the coherence of such irregularities have been adopted in vibration and noise simulations so that vehicle-track dynamic analysis can be conducted. Less attention has been paid to the effects of these assumptions on dynamic responses of railway vehicles in a wide frequency range. The aim of this study is to theoretically investigate the effects of the spatial coherence of track irregularities on the dynamic behaviors of a two-dimensional vehicle. Two frequency-domain methods that have been verified using a time-domain method are presented first to calculate the dynamic responses of the vehicle. A new expression of the power spectral density (PSD) function of the excitations comprises an admittance coefficient, a coherence matrix, and a spatial PSD function of the track irregularities. The PSD functions of the responses of the vehicle are derived analytically. It is then illustrated that the periodic fluctuations of response spectra are caused by the spatial coherence of the excitations by introducing the concept of coherence scales. Finally, it is proved that the difference between the responses under coherent and incoherent excitations become insignificant when the wavelength of the irregularity is less than the critical wavelength.

Disciplines :

Civil engineering

Author, co-author :

Lei, Simian ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering ; Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Ge, Yaojun; Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Li, Qi ; Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Language :

English

Title :

Effect and its mechanism of spatial coherence of track irregularity on dynamic responses of railway vehicles

Publication date :

November 2020

Journal title :

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

ISSN :

0888-3270

eISSN :

1096-1216

Publisher :

Academic Press

Volume :

145

Pages :

106957

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0888327020303435?httpAccept=text/xml
https://github.com/simianlei/journal-articles/blob/main/JA1/README.md

Funders :

NSCF - National Natural Science Foundation of China

Funding text :

The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 51878501 and 51778495 ).

Available on ORBi :

since 28 June 2026

Statistics

Number of views

39 (1 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

53 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Jin, T., Liu, Z., Sun, S., Ren, Z., Deng, L., Yang, B., Christie, M.D., Li, W., Development and evaluation of a versatile semi-active suspension system for high-speed railway vehicles. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process., 135, 2020, 106338.
Zhai, W., Han, Z., Chen, Z., Ling, L., Zhu, S., Train–track–bridge dynamic interaction: a state-of-the-art review. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 57 (2019), 984–1027.
Xu, L., Zhai, W., A spectral evolution model for track geometric degradation in train–track long-term dynamics. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 58 (2020), 1–27.
Yang, Y., Ge, P., Li, Q., Liang, X., Wu, Y., 2.5 d vibration of railway-side buildings mitigated by open or infilled trenches considering rail irregularity. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 106 (2018), 204–214.
Sheng, X., Jones, C.J.C., Thompson, D.J., A theoretical model for ground vibration from trains generated by vertical track irregularities. J. Sound Vibr. 272 (2004), 937–965.
Tao, G., Wen, Z., Liang, X., Ren, D., Jin, X., An investigation into the mechanism of the out-of-round wheels of metro train and its mitigation measures. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 57 (2019), 1–16.
Xu, L., Zhai, W., Gao, J., A probabilistic model for track random irregularities in vehicle/track coupled dynamics. Appl. Math. Model. 51 (2017), 145–158.
Iyengar, R.N., Jaiswal, O.R., Random-field modeling of railway track irregularities. J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE 121 (1995), 303–308.
Au, F.T.K., Wang, J.J., Cheung, Y.K., Impact study of cable-stayed railway bridges with random rail irregularities. Eng. Struct. 24 (2002), 529–541.
Majka, M., Hartnett, M., Dynamic response of bridges to moving trains: a study on effects of random track irregularities and bridge skewness. Comput. Struct. 87 (2009), 1233–1252.
Claus, H., Schiehlen, W., Modeling and simulation of railway bogie structural vibrations. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 29 (1998), 538–552.
Fries, R.H., Coffey, B.M., A state-space approach to the synthesis of random vertical and crosslevel rail irregularities. J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Contr. 112 (1990), 83–87.
Salcher, P., Adam, C., Kuisle, A., A stochastic view on the effect of random rail irregularities on railway bridge vibrations. Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 15 (2019), 1649–1664.
Zeng, Z.-P., Zhao, Y.-G., Xu, W.-T., Yu, Z.-W., Chen, L.-K., Lou, P., Random vibration analysis of train–bridge under track irregularities and traveling seismic waves using train–slab track–bridge interaction model. J. Sound Vibr. 342 (2015), 22–43.
Wu, T.X., Thompson, D.J., Vibration analysis of railway track with multiple wheels on the rail. J. Sound Vibr. 239 (2001), 69–97.
Wu, T.X., Thompson, D.J., The effects on railway rolling noise of wave reflections in the rail and support stiffening due to the presence of multiple wheels. Appl. Acoust. 62 (2001), 1249–1266.
Li, Q., Thompson, D.J., Prediction of rail and bridge noise arising from concrete railway viaducts by using a multilayer rail fastener model and a wavenumber domain method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232 (2018), 1326–1346.
Xu, L., Zhai, W., Train–track coupled dynamics analysis: system spatial variation on geometry, physics and mechanics. Railway Eng. Sci., 2020.
De Rosa, A., Alfi, S., Bruni, S., Estimation of lateral and cross alignment in a railway track based on vehicle dynamics measurements. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 116 (2019), 606–623.
Xiao, X., Sun, Z., Shen, W.N., A kalman filter algorithm for identifying track irregularities of railway bridges using vehicle dynamic responses. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process., 138, 2020, 27.
Yang, Y.B., Lin, C.W., Vehicle–bridge interaction dynamics and potential applications. J. Sound Vib. 284 (2005), 205–226.
Arvidsson, T., Karoumi, R., Train–bridge interaction – a review and discussion of key model parameters. Int. J. Rail Transp. 2 (2014), 147–186.
Zhai, W., Xia, H., Cai, C., Gao, M., Li, X., Guo, X., Zhang, N., Wang, K., High-speed train–track–bridge dynamic interactions – part i: Theoretical model and numerical simulation. Int. J. Rail Transp. 1 (2013), 3–24.
Muñoz, S., Aceituno, J.F., Urda, P., Escalona, J.L., Multibody model of railway vehicles with weakly coupled vertical and lateral dynamics. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 115 (2019), 570–592.
Neves, S.G.M., Montenegro, P.A., Azevedo, A.F.M., Calçada, R., A direct method for analyzing the nonlinear vehicle–structure interaction. Eng. Struct. 34 (2014), 414–420.
Xu, L., Zhai, W., Chen, Z., On use of characteristic wavelengths of track irregularities to predict track portions with deteriorated wheel/rail forces. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 104 (2018), 264–278.
Matsuoka, K., Kaito, K., Sogabe, M., Bayesian time–frequency analysis of the vehicle–bridge dynamic interaction effect on simple-supported resonant railway bridges. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process., 135, 2020, 106373.
Strano, S., Terzo, M., On the real-time estimation of the wheel-rail contact force by means of a new nonlinear estimator design model. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 105 (2018), 391–403.
He, X., Nan, Z., Dynamic analysis of railway bridge under high-speed trains. Comput. Struct. 83 (2005), 1891–1901.
Xu, L., Zhai, W., A three-dimensional model for train-track-bridge dynamic interactions with hypothesis of wheel-rail rigid contact. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 132 (2019), 471–489.
Antolín, P., Zhang, N., Goicolea, J.M., Xia, H., Astiz, M.Á., Oliva, J., Consideration of nonlinear wheel–rail contact forces for dynamic vehicle–bridge interaction in high-speed railways. J. Sound Vib. 332 (2013), 1231–1251.
Sheng, X., Xiao, X., Zhang, S., The time domain moving green function of a railway track and its application to wheel–rail interactions. J. Sound Vib. 377 (2016), 133–154.
Wan, H.-P., Ni, Y.-Q., An efficient approach for dynamic global sensitivity analysis of stochastic train-track-bridge system. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 117 (2019), 843–861.
Y. Zhang, W. Wang, H. Ouyang, Dynamic reliability evaluation of vehicle–track coupled systems considering the randomness of suspension and wheel–rail parameters, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, 233 (2019) 1106-1121.
Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Ouyang, H., An iterative method for solving the dynamic response of railway vehicle-track coupled systems based on prediction of wheel-rail forces. Eng. Struct. 151 (2017), 297–311.
Hubbell, D., Gauvreau, P., Frequency domain analysis of train–guideway interaction dynamics. J. Struct. Eng., 144, 2018, 04018100.
Ouyang, H., Moving-load dynamic problems: a tutorial (with a brief overview). Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 25 (2011), 2039–2060.
Lombaert, G., Conte, J.P., Random vibration analysis of dynamic vehicle-bridge interaction due to road unevenness. J. Eng. Mech. 138 (2012), 816–825.
Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Ouyang, H., Modeling uncertainties of vehicle-track coupled dynamic systems. Mech. Based Des. Struct. Mach., 2019, 1–22.
Nielsen, J.C.O., Igeland, A., Vertical dynamic interaction between train and track influence of wheel and track imperfections. J. Sound Vibr. 187 (1995), 825–839.
Zhu, Z., Wang, L., Yu, Z., Gong, W., Bai, Y., Non-stationary random vibration analysis of railway bridges under moving heavy-haul trains. Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 18, 2018, 1850035.
Xia, Z., Zhou, J., Gong, D., Sun, W., Sun, Y., On the modal damping abnormal variation mechanism for railway vehicles. Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 122 (2019), 256–272.
Grassie, S., Gregory, R., Harrison, D., Johnson, K., The dynamic response of railway track to high frequency vertical excitation. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 24 (1982), 77–90.
S. Grassie, S. Cox, The dynamic response of railway track with flexible sleepers to high frequency vertical excitation, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering, 198 (1984) 117-124.
Sun, Xiang, Zhai, Wanming, A detailed model for investigating vertical interaction between railway vehicle and track. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 23 (1994), 603–615.
Yu, Z.-W., Mao, J.-F., Guo, F.-Q., Guo, W., Non-stationary random vibration analysis of a 3d train–bridge system using the probability density evolution method. J. Sound Vibr. 366 (2016), 173–189.
Germonpré, M., Nielsen, J.C.O., Degrande, G., Lombaert, G., Contributions of longitudinal track unevenness and track stiffness variation to railway induced vibration. J. Sound Vibr. 437 (2018), 292–307.
Wu, Y.-S., Yang, Y.B., Steady-state response and riding comfort of trains moving over a series of simply supported bridges. Eng. Struct. 25 (2003), 251–265.
Perrin, G., Soize, C., Duhamel, D., Funfschilling, C., Track irregularities stochastic modeling. Probab. Eng. Mech. 34 (2013), 123–130.
V. Garg, Dynamics of railway vehicle systems, 1984.
Clough, R.W., Penzien, J., Griffin, D., Dynamics of structures. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. Digital Collection, 1977.
Veletsos, A.S., Ventura, C.E., Modal analysis of non-classically damped linear systems. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 14 (1986), 217–243.
Fang, T., Wang, Z.N., Complex modal analysis of random vibrations. Aiaa J. 24 (1986), 342–344.