[en] Capparis spinosa L. is a Mediterranean medicinal and aromatic species valued for its flavonoids, glucosinolates, and volatile terpenoids. However, increasing exploitation raises concerns regarding sustainable utilization. An in vitro callus culture system was developed to optimize biomass production and secondary metabolite accumulation. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine, BAP; kinetin, KIN) and auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D; naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA). Biomass accumulation was evaluated through fresh and dry weight gain. Volatile compounds were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS, whereas non-volatile metabolites were characterized using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and semi-quantified by UPLC-TQ-MS/ MS. Response surface methodology identified optimal hormonal conditions for callus biomass production after 30 days, corresponding to BAP (1.5-2.0 mg/L) combined with 2,4-D (0.5-1.5 mg/L), yielding fresh and dry weight gains exceeding 3000 mg and 300 mg, respectively. Volatile profiling revealed terpenes and sulfur-containing compounds, with 2,4-D treatments inducing safranal, (E)-rose oxide, and menthol, not detected in leaf tissues. NAA treatments mainly influenced relative volatile abundance. Non-volatile analysis indicated enhanced accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids, including rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside, under KIN/2,4-D or NAA conditions, while BAP/2,4-D favored indolic and phenolic derivatives. These results demonstrate that hormonal balance significantly influences biomass production and metabolic profiles in C. spinosa callus cultures, highlighting their potential for sustainable phytochemical production. Key message PGRs synergistically maximize biomass and secondary metabolite production in Capparis spinosa L. in vitro cultures, offering a sustainable biotechnological platform for the production of flavonoids and novel terpenoids.
Goumi, Younes; Applied Biology for Health, Environment and Sustainable Development Team, Higher School of Technology of Fkih Ben Salah, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Genva, Manon ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Chemistry for Sustainable Food and Environmental Systems (CSFES) ; Tunisia ; Tunisia ; Tunisia
Vilain, Louise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Chemistry for Sustainable Food and Environmental Systems (CSFES) ; Tunisia ; Tunisia ; Tunisia
Burgeon, Clément ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Entomologie, Phytopathologie et Productions Innovantes (EPPI) ; Tunisia ; Tunisia
Belkessam, Mouna ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre ; Tunisia ; Tunisia
Fakiri, Malika; Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
Fauconnier, Marie-Laure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Chemistry for Sustainable Food and Environmental Systems (CSFES) ; Tunisia ; Tunisia ; Tunisia
Language :
English
Title :
Biotechnological production of secondary metabolites in Capparis spinosa L. through in vitro culture callus induction
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