Political-Legal analysis of Dual-Use Related Intangible Technologies in the Scientific Environment: Case of Armenia

This dissertation examines the political-legal dimensions of export control over dual-use goods and technologies, with a particular focus on intangible technology transfer in the scientific environment of the Republic of Armenia. Against the backdrop of globalization and intensified cross-border knowledge exchange, it analyzes how international obligations under treaties, regimes, and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 are translated into domestic legal norms, and how these transformations respond to both security imperatives and the needs of academia. While the study include an overview of international regimes and Armenia’s legal framework, its core contribution lies in the practical analysis conducted through interviews with stakeholders and case studies of universities and research institutions.

The research highlights how export control is understood and implemented in the Armenian academic environment, revealing gaps in awareness, compliance practices, and coordination between institutions and authorities. The findings show that although Armenia’s Law on *Export control of dual-use goods and technologies and their transit across the territory of the Republic of Armenia* provides a legal basis, its implementation faces challenges due to limited institutional capacity, insufficient training, and complex bureaucratic procedures.

By combining this practical evidence with legal and political analysis, the thesis demonstrates the imbalance between international obligations and domestic realities. It identifies both structural and cultural barriers in the regulation of intangible transfers, ranging from a lack of Internal Compliance Programs in universities to underdeveloped channels of cooperation with national authorities.

The study concludes with recommendations grounded in the interviews and case study results, emphasizing the establishment of university-level compliance structures, targeted training, and improved interaction between academic institutions, government bodies, and international partners. These measures are presented as essential not only for Armenia’s adherence to global non-proliferation standards, but also for protecting the integrity and security of its scientific research.