Outburst of a subglacial flood from the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet

[en] As Earth’s climate warms, surface melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet has intensified, increasing rates of sea-level rise. Observations and theory indicate that meltwater generated at the ice sheet surface can drain to its bed, where it flows relatively unhindered to the ocean. This understanding of water movement within and beneath ice sheets underpins the theoretical models that are used to make projections of ice sheet change. Here we present evidence of a destructive mode of meltwater drainage in Greenland. Using multiple satellite sources, we show that a 90-million-cubic-metre subglacial flood forced its way upwards from the bed, fracturing the ice sheet, and bursting through the surface. This phenomenon was triggered by the rapid drainage of a subglacial lake and occurred in a region where the ice bed was predicted to be frozen. The resulting flood caused a rapid deceleration of the downstream marine-terminating glacier. Our observations reveal a complex, bi-directional coupling between the ice sheet’s surface and basal hydrological systems and demonstrate that extreme hydrological forcing may occur in regions of predicted cold-based ice. Such processes can impact the ice sheet’s dynamics and structural integrity but are not currently considered in ice sheet models.

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Bowling, Jade S.

McMillan, Malcolm

Leeson, Amber A.

Livingstone, Stephen J.

Sole, Andrew J.

Ng, Felix S. L.

Karlsson, Nanna B.

Nienow, Peter

Boxall, Karla

Noël, Brice ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Climatologie et Topoclimatologie

More authors (10 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Outburst of a subglacial flood from the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Publication date :

30 July 2025

Journal title :

Nature Geoscience

ISSN :

1752-0894

eISSN :

1752-0908

Publisher :

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01746-9.pdf

Available on ORBi :

since 31 July 2025

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