Isolation and Quantification of Flavonoids from Allium saxatile Bieb. Growing in Georgia

Background: This study investigated the phytochemical composition of Allium saxatile Bieb., a plant species belonging to the Alliaceae family. Objectives: The objectives of this research were to investigate the phytochemical composition of Allium saxatile isolate and identify the chemical structure of the active constituents. Methods: The aerial parts of the plant were extracted using 80% ethanol and then fractionated using Diaion HP-20 column chromatography to obtain four enriched fractions from the plant. Previous research has demonstrated that the 50%-methanolic fraction exhibits antioxidant activity, and this biologically active fraction was subsequently purified using column chromatography. The chemical structure of the compounds was determined using spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Results: The investigation led to the isolation of two flavonoids, namely kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (Astragalin) and kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside, from the 50%-methanolic fraction of A. saxatile. This is the first report of the isolation and identification of astragalin and kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside from A. saxatile. Conclusions: Two flavonoids, astragalin and kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside, have been isolated from A. saxatile for the first time in Georgia, contributing to the phytochemical profile of this species. Additionally, a sensitive and reproducible HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of astragalin in the crude extract of A. saxatile.