Biogenic dietary promoters in aquaculture: nature-based solutions for enhancing growth, health, and sustainability

Aquaculture, as a rapidly expanding global industry, is increasingly challenged by both infectious and non-infectious diseases, posing significant threats to fish health and production. Traditional interventions, such as antibiotics and vaccines, though effective, raise concerns regarding environmental impact and the potential for resistance development. This review explores the promising role of dietary biogenic promoter supplements as an innovative, sustainable alternative for aquaculture. By analysing emerging literature, we highlight the significance of these nature-based solutions, which offer cost-effective, non-toxic, and eco-friendly options to enhance aquaculture productivity. Biogenic supplements, derived from herbs, beneficial microbes, insects, nutrients, bioactive molecules, and nanoparticles, have shown potential in improving feed quality, promoting growth, boosting disease resistance, enhancing immune system function, and supporting overall health in aquatic species. This comprehensive review demonstrates the efficacy of biogenic-mediated supplements in fostering aquaculture sustainability by minimizing the need for traditional chemical interventions. Furthermore, the analysis identifies critical research gaps, particularly in determining optimal supplement concentrations and their species-specific effects. Additionally, large-scale field trials are recommended to validate laboratory findings and assess their practical applications in real-world settings. By synthesizing current research, this review provides valuable insights into the future trajectory of aquaculture practices, positioning biogenic dietary supplements as key contributors to sustainable and efficient aquaculture development.