Addressing Range Anxiety in Electric Vehicles with Physics-Based Drivetrain Models and an Appropriate Charging Strategy

The electric vehicles are often associated to the range anxiety phenomenon.
In the paper, this is tackled by the elaboration of a set of physicsbased
drivetrain models aiming to accurately estimate the energy consumption of
a medium class vehicle. After a convincing validation of the model with respect
to the VW ID.3 WLTP ratings, some usual driving scenarios are investigated to
identify eco-driving tips to help the EV driver optimize the use of its vehicle. The
results indicate that a compromise should be found between the aerodynamic drag
and the electrical Joule effects. Additionally, few charging loss computations are
performed and indicate that it represents between 6 and 12% of the total charging
energy.