Air Pollutants; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; dibenzofuran; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Air Pollutants/analysis; Air Pollutants/chemistry; Incineration/methods; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/chemistry; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/chemistry; Refuse Disposal; Municipal solid waste; Open burning; PCB; PCDD; PCDF; Stockholm Convention; Emission factors; Experimental conditions; Household waste; Stockholm; Environmental Chemistry; Pollution
Abstract :
[en] Open burning for waste disposal is, in many countries, the dominant source of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/PCDF/PCB) release to the environment. To generate emission factors for open burning, experimental pile burns of about 100 kg of household waste were conducted with emissions sampling. From these experiments and others conducted by the same authors it is found that less compaction of waste or active mixing during the fire--"stirring"--promotes better combustion (as evidenced by lower CO/CO(2) ratio) and reduces emissions of PCDD/PCDF/PCB; an intuitive but previously undemonstrated result. These experiments also support previous results suggesting PCDD/PCDF/PCB generation in open burning - while still highly variable - tends to be greater in the later (smoldering) phases of burning when the CO/CO(2) ratio increases.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Solorzano-Ochoa, Gustavo; National Center for Environmental Research and Training, National Institute of Ecology, Av. Periférico Sur No. 5000, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
de la Rosa, David A; National Center for Environmental Research and Training, National Institute of Ecology, C.P. 04390 Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
Maiz-Larralde, Pablo; Gamatek, SA de CV Alanís Valdez 2308, Colonia Industrial, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Gullett, Brian K; US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (E343-04), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
Tabor, Dennis G; ARCADIS US, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, United States
Touati, Abderrahmane; ARCADIS US, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, United States
Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara; ARCADIS US, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, United States
Fiedler, Heidelore ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Chimie analytique, organique et biologique ; United Nations Environment Programme, DTIE/Chemicals Branch, CH-1219 Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland
Abel, Todd; American Chemistry Council, Chlorine Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20002, United States
Carroll, William F; American Chemistry Council, Chlorine Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20002, United States
Language :
English
Title :
Open burning of household waste: Effect of experimental condition on combustion quality and emission of PCDD, PCDF and PCB.
This study was financed by the United Nations Environment Programme, Chemicals Branch. Analytical work for PCDD/PCDF/PCB was financed and administered through a Materials Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between US EPA and the Chlorine Chemistry Division, American Chemistry Council. WFC thanks Patrick Dyke of PD Consulting for several helpful conversations.
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