[en] The lithological and stratigraphical heterogeneity of coastal aquifers has a great influence on saltwater intrusion (SI). This makes it difficult to predict SI pathways and their persistence in time. In this context, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) methods are receiving increasing attention regarding the discrimination between saltwater-bearing and clayey sediments. To simplify the interpretation of ERT data, it is commonly assumed that the bulk conductivity mostly depends on the conductivity of pore-filling fluids, while surface conductivity is generally disregarded in the spatial and temporal variability of the aquifers, particularly, once the aquifer is affected by the presence of saltwater. Quantifying salinities based on a simplified petrophysical relationship can lead to misinterpretation in aquifers constituted by clay-rich sediments. In this study, we rely on co-located data from drilled boreholes to formulate petrophysical relationships between bulk and fluid conductivity for clay-bearing and clay-free sediments. First, the sedimentary samples from the drilled wells were classified according to their particle size distribution and analyzed in the lab using spectral IP in controlled salinity conditions to derive their formation factors, surface conductivity, and normalized chargeability. Second, the deduced thresholds are applied on the field to distinguish clay-bearing sediments from brackish sandy sediments. The results are validated with logging data and direct salinity measurements on water samples. We applied the approach along the Luy River catchment and found that the formation factors and surface conductivity of the different unconsolidated sedimentary classifications vary from 4.0 to 8.9 for coarse-grained sand and clay-bearing mixtures, while normalized chargeability above 1.0 mS.m-1 indicates the presence of clay. The clay-bearing sediments are mostly distributed in discontinuous small lenses. The assumption of homogenous geological media is therefore leading to overestimating SI in the heterogeneous clay-bearing aquifers.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Cong-Thi, Diep; Department of Geology, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium, Department of Marine Geology, Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMR), Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.. Electronic address: diep.congthi@Ugent.be
Dieu, Linh Pham; Department of Geology, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium, Department of Marine Geology, Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMR), Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
Caterina, David ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
De Pauw, Xavier; Department of Geology, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
Thi, Huyen Dang; Department of Marine Geology, Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMR), Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
Ho, Huu Hieu; Department of Marine Geology, Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMR), Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
Nguyen, Frédéric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Géophysique appliquée
Hermans, Thomas; Department of Geology, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium. Electronic address: Thomas.Hermans@Ugent.be
Language :
English
Title :
Quantifying salinity in heterogeneous coastal aquifers through ERT and IP: Insights from laboratory and field investigations.
UGent - Ghent University VLIR-UOS - Flemish Interuniversity Council. Bureau UOS
Funding text :
This research is funded by VLIR-UOS and the Belgian development cooperation through the grant VN2019TEA494A103 and he Special Research Fund (BOF), Ghent Universityt through the Ph.D. scholarships of the first two authors.This research is funded by VLIR-UOS and the Belgian development cooperation through the grant VN2019TEA494A103 and he Special Research Fund (BOF), Ghent Universityt through the Ph.D. scholarships of the first two authors.Cong-Thi Diep reports a relationship with Ghent University that includes: funding grants. Pham Dieu Linh reports a relationship with Ghent University that includes: funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.We deeply thank the VIGMR staff for their support on the field and grain-sized classification. We would like to thank staff members in the laboratory of the Urban & Environmental Engineering, Liège University, who assisted us in the analysis of SIP measurements. We also thank the Editor, André Revil and an anonymous reviewer for their pertinent remarks and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript.
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