[en] Real-time PCRs were developed to characterize Fomes fomentarius lineages occurring in the beech forests of the Ardennes (southern Belgium). A collection of F. fomentarius sensu lato isolates was built up in 2020 and 2021 from basidiocarps developing on beech trunks, stumps, or logs. Two of the 148 isolates tested (monokaryotic and dikaryotic) belonged to the species Fomes inzengae, while the other isolates corresponded to the species Fomes fomentarius sensu stricto. As far as we know, this is the first record of Fomes inzengae in Belgium. This fungus was also found in a mature tree not showing any signs of decay. This demonstrates its endophytic nature. Growth tests at different temperatures, as well as wood degradation tests in accordance with standard NBN EN113 showed different behavior between both species. Passive sticky traps were installed during two growing seasons at the two sites where F. inzengae had been reported. Spores were detected at all collection times between April and July, using the specific molecular test developed. Moreover, in 2023, the DNA concentrations measured were 100 times higher than in 2022. The implications of this new species in Belgium is discussed in the context of climate change.
Research Center/Unit :
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Life Science Department Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department
Disciplines :
Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...) Microbiology Entomology & pest control
Author, co-author :
Pirronitto, Salvatore ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières
Teng, Felix; CRA-W - Centre Wallon de Recherches agronomiques [BE] > Life Science Department
Verheyen, Cécile; CRA-W - Centre Wallon de Recherches agronomiques [BE] > Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department > Wood technology laboratory
Gauset, Vincent; CRA-W - Centre Wallon de Recherches agronomiques [BE] > Life Science Department
Henin, Jean-Marc; CRA-W - Centre Wallon de Recherches agronomiques [BE] > Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department > Wood technology laboratory
Jourez, Benoît ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion des ressources forestières
Schmitz, Sophie; CRA-W - Centre Wallon de Recherches agronomiques [BE] > Life Science Department
Chandelier, Anne; CRA-W - Centre Wallon de Recherches agronomiques [BE] > Life Science Department
Language :
English
Title :
Characterization of Fomes fomentarius s.s. and F. inzengae in Belgian Beech Forests
Publication date :
23 January 2024
Journal title :
Forests
ISSN :
1999-4907
Publisher :
MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland
Special issue title :
Forest Diseases and Pests: Recent Scientific Findings
Bolte A. Czajkowski T. Kompa T. The north-eastern distribution range of European beech—A review Forestry 2007 80 413 429 10.1093/forestry/cpm028
Caudullo G. Welk E. San-Miguel-Ayanz J. Chorological maps for the main European woody species Data Brief 2017 12 662 666 10.1016/j.dib.2017.05.007 28560272
Alderweireld M. Burnay F. Pitchugin M. Lecomte H. Inventaire Forestier Wallon—Résultats 1994–2012 SPW Jambes, Belgium 2015 48 61 978-2-8056-0171-2
Scharnweber T. Manthey M. Criegee C. Bauwe A. Schröder C. Wilmking M. Drought matters—Declining precipitation influences growth of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L. in north-eastern Germany For. Ecol. Manag. 2011 262 947 961 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.026
Latte N. Lebourgeois F. Claessens H. Growth partitioning within beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) varies in response to summer heat waves and related droughts Trees 2016 30 189 201 10.1007/s00468-015-1288-y
Latte N. Perin J. Kint V. Lebourgeois F. Claessens H. Major Changes in Growth Rate and Growth Variability of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Related to Soil Alteration and Climate Change in Belgium Forests 2016 7 174 10.3390/f7080174
Pirronitto S. Teng F. Chandelier A. Le dépérissement du hêtre en Ardenne: Résultat d’une étude menée de 2019 à 2022 Forêt.Nature 2023 164 35 42
Zimmermann J. Hauck M. Dulamsuren C. Leuschner C. Climate Warming-Related Growth Decline Affects Fagus sylvatica, But Not Other Broad-Leaved Tree Species in Central European Mixed Forests Ecosystems 2015 18 560 572 10.1007/s10021-015-9849-x
Arend M. Link R.M. Zahnd C. Hoch G. Schuldt B. Kahmen A. Lack of hydraulic recovery as a cause of post-drought foliage reduction and canopy decline in European beech New Phytol. 2022 234 1195 1205 10.1111/nph.18065
Langer G.J. Buβkamp J. Vitality loss of beech: A serious threat to Fagus sylvatica in Germany in the context of global warming J. Plant Dis. Prot. 2023 130 1101 1115 10.1007/s41348-023-00743-7
Neycken A. Scheggia M. Lévesque M. Long term growth decline precedes sudden crown dieback of European beech Agric. For. Meteorol. 2022 324 109103 10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109103
Gilmartin E.C. Jusino M.A. Pyne E.J. Banik M.T. Lindner D.L. Boddy L. Fungal Endophytes and Origins of Decay in Beech (Fagus Sylvatica) Sapwood Fungal Ecol. 2022 59 101161 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101161
Srivastava S. Kumar R. Singh V.P. Wood Decaying Fungi Lambert Academic Publishing Saarbrücken, Germany 2013 76 978-3659326370
Phillips D.H. Burdekin D.A. Diseases beech (Fagus sylvatica) Diseases of Forest and Ornamental Trees Phillips D.H. Burdekin D.A. The Macmillan Press Ltd. London, UK Basingstoke, UK 1992 259 271 978-1-349-10955-5
Baum S. Sieber T.N. Schwarze F.W.M.R. Fink S. Latent infections of Fomes fomentarius in the xylem of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) Mycol. Prog. 2003 2 141 148 10.1007/s11557-006-0052-5
Boddy L. Rayner A.D.M. Origins of decay in living deciduous trees: The role of moisture content and a re-appraisal of the expanded concept of tree decay New Phytol. 1983 94 623 641 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1983.tb04871.x
Judova J. Dubikova K. Gaperova S. Gaper J. Pristas P. The occurrence and rapid discrimination of Fomes fomentarius genotypes by ITS-RFLP analysis Fungal Biol. 2012 116 155 160 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.010 22208610
McCormick M.A. Grand L.F. Post J.B. Cubeta M.A. Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Fomes Fasciatus and Fomes Fomentarius in the United States Mycologia 2013 105 1524 1534 10.3852/12-336 23928420
Pristas P. Gaperova S. Gaper J. Judova J. Genetic variability in Fomes fomentarius reconfirmed by translation elongation factor 1-α DNA sequences and 25S LSU rRNA sequences Biologia 2013 68 816 820 10.2478/s11756-013-0228-9
Dresch P. D’Aguanno M.N. Rosam K. Grienke U. Rollinger J.M. Peintner U. Fungal strain matters: Colony growth and bioactivity of the European medicinal polypores Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola and Piptoporus betulinus AMB Express 2015 5 4 10.1186/s13568-014-0093-0
Peintner U. Kuhnert-Finkernagel R. Wille V. Biasioli F. Shiryaev A. Perini C. How to resolve cryptic species of polypores: An example in Fomes IMA Fungus 2019 10 17 10.1186/s43008-019-0016-4
Garrido-Benavent I. Velasco-Santos J.M. Perez-de-Gregoria M.A. Pasaban P.M. Fomes inzengae (Ces. & De Not.) Cooke en la Península Ibérica Butll. Soc. Micol. Valencia 2020 24 151 170
Náplavová K. Gáper J. Gáperová S. Beck T. Pristaš P. Soares C. Lima N. Genetic and plant host differences of Fomes fomentarius in selected parts of Southern Europe Plant Biosyst. 2020 154 125 127 10.1080/11263504.2019.1701129
Tomṡovsky M. Kaeochulsri S. Kudláček T. Dálya L.B. Ecological, morphological and phylogenetic survey of Fomes fomentarius and F. inzengae (Agaricomycetes, Polyporaceae) co-occuring in the same geographic area in Central Europe Mycol. Prog. 2023 22 79 10.1007/s11557-023-01928-y
Van der Perre R. Bythell S. Bogaert P. Claessens H. Ridremont F. Tricot C. Vincke C. Ponette Q. La carte bioclimatique de Wallonie: Un nouveau découpage écologique du territoire pour le choix des essences forestières Forêt. Nature 2015 135 47 58
Garbelotto M. Smith T. Schweigkofler W. Variation in Rates of Spore Deposition of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker, over a 12-Month-Period at Two Locations in Northern California Phytopathology 2008 98 137 143 10.1094/PHYTO-98-1-0137 18943249
Parfitt D. Hunt J. Dockrell D. Rogers H. Boddy L. Do all trees carry the seeds of their own destruction? PCR reveals numerous wood decay fungi latently present in sapwood of a wide range of angiosperm trees Fungal Ecol. 2010 3 338 346 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.02.001
Gardes M. Bruns T.D. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes: Application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts Mol. Ecol. 1993 2 113 118 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
White T.J. Bruns T.D. Lee S.B. Taylor J.W. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications Innis M.A. Gelfand D.H. Sninsky J.J. White T.J. Academic Press Cambridge, MA, USA 1990 315 322 978-0-12-372180-8
Hall T.A. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 1999 41 95 98
NBN EN 113-2 Durability of Wood and Wood-Based Products—Test Method Against Wood Destroying Basidiomycetes—Part 2: Assessment of Inherent or Enhanced Durability European Committee for Standardization Brussels, Belgium 2021
R Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria 2021 Available online: https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed on 2 February 2023)
Wickham H. François R. Henry L. Müller K. dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. R Package Version 0.8.0.1 2019 Available online: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr (accessed on 2 February 2023)
Signorell A. DescTools: Tools for Descriptive Statistics Available online: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DescTools/index.html (accessed on 2 February 2023)
Fox J. Weisberg S. Price B. Car: Companion to Applied Regression Available online: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/car/index.html (accessed on 2 February 2023)
Hothorn T. Bretz F. Westfall P. Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models Biom. J. 2008 50 346 363 10.1002/bimj.200810425
Kay M. Elkin L.A. Higgins J.J. Wobbrock J.O. mjskay/ARTool: ARTool 0.11.0 (v0.11.0) Available online: https://zenodo.org/records/4721941 (accessed on 2 February 2023)
Wickham H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis 2nd ed. Springer New York, NY, USA 2016 260 978-3-319-24277-4 Available online: https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org (accessed on 2 February 2023)
Faticov M. Desprez-Loustau M.L. Levente K. Massot M. Faivre d’Acier J. Mutz J. Nemeth M.Z. Roslin T. Tack A.J.M. Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: Climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales Ecography 2022 2 e06062 10.1111/ecog.06062
Wang R. Tsui C.K.M. You C. Cryptic species diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the rust Genus Chrysomyxa from China J. Fungi 2022 8 83 10.3390/jof8010083
Sakalidid M.L. Slippers B. Wingfield B.D. Hardy G.E.S.J. Burgess T.I. The challenge of understanding the origin, pathways and extent of fungal invasions: Global populations of the Neofusicoccum parvum-N. ribis species complex Divers. Distrib. 2013 19 873 883 10.1111/ddi.12030
Ghelardini L. Pepori A.L. Luchi N. Capretti P. Santini A. Drivers of Emerging Fungal Diseases of Forest Trees For. Ecol. Manag. 2016 381 235 246 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.032
Gonthier P. Nicolotti G. Linzer R. Guglielmo F. Garbelotto M. Invasion of European pine stands by a North American forest pathogen and its hybridization with a native interfertile taxon Mol. Ecol. 2007 16 1389 1400 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03250.x 17391264
Gonthier P. Guglielmo L. Giordano L. Garbelotto M. The American forest pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare colonizes unexpected habitats after its introduction in Italy Ecol. Appl. 2012 22 2135 2143 10.1890/12-0420.1 23387115
Badalyan S. Zhuykova E. Mukhin V. The Phylogenetic Analysis of Armenian Collections of Medicinal Tinder Polypore Fomes Fomentarius (Agaricomycetes, Polyporaceae) Ital. J. Mycol. 2022 51 23 33 10.6092/ISSN.2531-7342/14474
Badalyan S. Zhuykova E. Mukhin V. Genetic variability of the medicinal tinder bracket polypore, Fomes fomentarius (Agaricomycetes), from the Asian part of Russia Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 2018 20 561 568
Cristini V. Nop P. Zlámal J. Vand M.H. Šeda V. Tippner J. Fomes Fomentarius and F. inzengae—A Comparison of Their Decay Patterns on Beech Wood Microorganisms 2023 11 679 10.3390/microorganisms11030679
Alcazar P. Galan C. Carinanos P. Dominguez-Vilches E. A new adhesive for airborne pollen sampling in Spain Aerobiologia 2003 19 57 61 10.1023/A:1022692228699
Chandelier A. Helson M. Dvorak M. Gischer F. Detection and quantification of airborne inoculum of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus using real-time PCR assays Plant Pathol. 2014 63 1296 1305 10.1111/ppa.12218
Bari E. Taghiyari H.R. Mohebby B. Clausen C.A. Schmidt O. Tajick Ghanbary M.A. Vaseghi M.J. Mechanical properties and chemical composition of beech wood exposed for 30 and 120 days to white-rot fungi Holzforschung 2015 69 587 593 10.1515/hf-2014-0057
