Effects of Aflatoxins and Fumonisins, Alone or in Combination, on Performance, Health, and Safety of Food Products of Broiler Chickens, and Mitigation Efficacy of Bentonite and Fumonisin Esterase.
Kenya; aflatoxins; bentonite; broiler chickens; cocontamination; feed additives; food safety; fumonisin esterase; fumonisins; sub-Saharan Africa; Aflatoxins; Fumonisins; Bentonite; Aflatoxin B1; Mycotoxins; Esterases; Animals; Chickens; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Aflatoxin B1/toxicity; Aflatoxins/toxicity; Fumonisins/toxicity; Food-safety; Fumonisin; Performance; Chemistry (all); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all); General Agricultural and Biological Sciences; General Chemistry
Abstract :
[en] The current study evaluated the effects of feeding diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisins (FBs), or both on the performance and health of broiler chickens and the safety of their food products as well as the efficacy of bentonite and fumonisin esterase to mitigate the effects of these mycotoxins under conditions representative for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Four hundred one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 treatments with either a control diet, a diet with moderate AFB1 (60 μg/kg feed) or high AFB1 (220 μg/kg feed), or FBs (17,430 μg FB1+FB2/kg feed), alone or in combination, a diet containing AFB1 (either 60 or 220 μg/kg) and/or FBs (17,430 μg FB1+FB2/kg) and bentonite or fumonisin esterase or both, or a diet with bentonite or fumonisin esterase only. The experimental diets were given to the birds from day 1 to day 35 of age, and the effects of the different treatments on production performance were assessed by feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Possible health effects were evaluated through blood biochemistry, organ weights, mortality, liver gross pathological changes, and vaccine response. Residues of aflatoxins (AFB1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2) were determined in plasma, muscle, and liver tissues using validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. The results obtained indicated that broiler chickens fed high AFB1 alone had poor FCR when compared to a diet with both high AFB1 and FBs (p = 0.0063). Serum total protein and albumin from birds fed FBs only or in combination with moderate or high AFB1 or detoxifiers increased when compared to the control (p < 0.05). Liver gross pathological changes were more pronounced in birds fed contaminated diets when compared to birds fed the control or diets supplemented with mycotoxin detoxifiers. The relative weight of the heart was significantly higher in birds fed high AFB1 and FBs when compared to the control or high AFB1 only diets (p < 0.05), indicating interactions between the mycotoxins. Inclusion of bentonite in AFB1-contaminated diets offered a protective effect on the change in weights of the liver, heart and spleen (p < 0.05). Residues of AFB1 were detected above the limit of quantification (max: 0.12 ± 0.03 μg/kg) in liver samples only, from birds fed a diet with high AFB1 only or with FBs or the detoxifiers. Supplementing bentonite into these AFB1-contaminated diets reduced the levels of the liver AFB1 residues by up to 50%. Bentonite or fumonisin esterase, alone, did not affect the performance and health of broiler chickens. Thus, at the doses tested, both detoxifiers were safe and efficient for use as valid means of counteracting the negative effects of AFB1 and FBs as well as transfer of AFB1 to food products (liver) of broiler chickens.
Disciplines :
Laboratory medicine & medical technology Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Ochieng, Phillis Emelda ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) ; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
Croubels, Siska ; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
Kemboi, David ; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium ; Department of Animal Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109, 00625 Chuka, Kenya
Okoth, Sheila; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
De Baere, Siegrid; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
Cavalier, Etienne ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de chimie clinique
Kang'ethe, Erastus; Consultant, P.O. Box 34405, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
Faas, Johannes; DSM - BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria
Doupovec, Barbara; DSM - BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria
Gathumbi, James; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
Douny, Caroline ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Analyse des denrées alimentaires
Scippo, Marie-Louise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Analyse des denrées alimentaires
Lindahl, Johanna F ; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya ; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 05, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
Antonissen, Gunther; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium ; Chair Poultry Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
Effects of Aflatoxins and Fumonisins, Alone or in Combination, on Performance, Health, and Safety of Food Products of Broiler Chickens, and Mitigation Efficacy of Bentonite and Fumonisin Esterase.
BELSPO - Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Ministry of Education, Science and Technology F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
Funding text :
The authors acknowledge the staff and management of ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya for the assistance accorded during the animal trials; the staff of Mycology and Mycotoxin Laboratory, University of Nairobi, Kenya, especially Kevin Omwomo and Truphosa Viola Amakhobe, for their assistance with laboratory mycotoxin production. Further acknowledgment to Jane Poole (ILRI) and Nicholas Ndiwa (ICRAF) for assistance with the design of the animal trial and data analysis. This research was conducted within the ERA-NET LEAP-Agri MycoSafe-South project and was funded by the Kenyan Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MOEST), the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS) and the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). The mycotoxin detoxifiers (Mycofix Secure and FUMzyme) were kindly provided by Biomin GmbH (Getzersdorf, Austria, part of DSM). The AFs levels in biological samples were determined using a UHPLC-MS/MS instrument part of the Ghent University MSsmall Expertise Centre for advanced mass spectrometry analysis of small organic molecules.This research was conducted within the ERA-NET LEAP-Agri MycoSafe-South project and was funded by the Kenyan Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MOEST), the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS) and the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). The mycotoxin detoxifiers (Mycofix Secure and FUMzyme) were kindly provided by Biomin GmbH (Getzersdorf, Austria, part of DSM). The AFs levels in biological samples were determined using a UHPLC-MS/MS instrument part of the Ghent University MSsmall Expertise Centre for advanced mass spectrometry analysis of small organic molecules.
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