Vaccination antipneumococcique dans les groupes à risque avec comorbidités : recommandations du Conseil Supérieur de la Santé et critères de remboursement.

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections cause community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease such as sepsis and acute meningitis. In the adult population, the risk of severe infections, which can be lethal, is particularly high among people aged above 65 years and subgroups with comorbidities. Pneumococcal vaccines underwent progressive improvement and a new conjugated vaccine targeting 20 serotypes (PCV20) is now available. The Belgian Superior Health Council has recently reiterated the importance of vaccinating at-risk individuals against S. pneumoniae and now recommends vaccination with PCV20 (Apexxnar®) as the preferred primary vaccination regimen in all at-risk adults. The present article reminds the risk of severe pneumococcal infections among patients with comorbidities, by targeting five of them, chronic respiratory diseases, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis. It emphasizes the too low rate of pneumococcal vaccination in these at-risk subgroups and summarizes the last guidelines of the Belgian Superior Health Council in favor of pneumococcal vaccination in at-risk patients with comorbidities. Finally, it describes the Belgian reimbursement criteria recently granted to people aged 65-85 years with comorbidities.