[Keynote] Underground Thermal Energy Storage for Carbon Neutral Communities

Underground thermal energy storage for carbon-neutral communities is essential to reach the carbon-neutrality targets. Using geothermal heat pumps provides the required temperature to heat and cool buildings. With the help of shallow and deep geothermal energy systems, we can benefit from the current revolution of the fourth and fifth energy transition in district heating and cooling technologies. The use of neutral grids with individual and centralized heat pumps is a promising technology for GHG emissions-neutral communities.