COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; air quality; airborne transmission; indoor; mitigation measures
Abstract :
[en] The COVID-19 pandemic due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been plaguing the world since late 2019/early 2020 and has changed the way we function as a society, halting both economic and social activities worldwide. Classrooms, offices, restaurants, public transport, and other enclosed spaces that typically gather large groups of people indoors, and are considered focal points for the spread of the virus. For society to be able to go "back to normal", it is crucial to keep these places open and functioning. An understanding of the transmission modes occurring in these contexts is essential to set up effective infection control strategies. This understanding was made using a systematic review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. We analyze the different parameters influencing airborne transmission indoors, the mathematical models proposed to understand it, and discuss how we can act on these parameters. Methods to judge infection risks through the analysis of the indoor air quality are described. Various mitigation measures are listed, and their efficiency, feasibility, and acceptability are ranked by a panel of experts in the field. Thus, effective ventilation procedures controlled by CO2-monitoring, continued mask wearing, and a strategic control of room occupancy, among other measures, are put forth to enable a safe return to these essential places.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
de Crane D'Heysselaer, Simon; TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Parisi, Gianni ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) > FARAH: Santé publique vétérinaire
Lisson, Maxime ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GxABT : Services généraux du site > Site GxABT - Cabinet du Vice-recteur
Bruyère, Olivier ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de médecine de l'appareil locomoteur
Donneau, Anne-Françoise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique
Fontaine, Sébastien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences sociales
Gillet, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Vaccinologie vétérinaire
Darcis, Gilles ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des maladies infectieuses - médecine interne
Thiry, Etienne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI)
Ducatez, Mariette ; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France
Snoeck, Chantal J ; Clinical and Applied Virology Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Zientara, Stéphan ; UMR1161 Virologie, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Anses, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
Haddad, Nadia; UMR BIPAR 956, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
Humblet, Marie-France ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI)
Ludwig-Begall, Louisa ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) > FARAH: Santé publique vétérinaire
Daube, Georges ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Microbiologie des denrées alimentaires
Thiry, Damien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Bactériologie vétérinaire et maladies bactériennes animales
Misset, Benoît ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des soins intensifs
Lambermont, Bernard ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service des soins intensifs
Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine; Laboratoire Hypoxie and Poumon INSERM U1272, Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, CHU Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
Zahar, Jean-Raph; CHU Avicenne-APHP, 93000 Bobigny, France
Sartor, Kevin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Systèmes énergétiques
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appliqués aux sciences vétérinaires
Haubruge, Eric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GxABT : Services généraux du site > Site GxABT - Gestion de site
This systematic review was funded by the University of Liège, under a strategic opportunity credit to build an institutional Risk Management Cockpit for COVID-19.
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