Offshore wind farm footprint on organic and mineral particle flux to the bottom

Ivanov, Evgeny; Capet, Arthur; De Borger, Emil; Degraer, Steven; Delhez, Eric; Soetaert, Karline; Vanaverbeke, Jan; Grégoire, Marilaure

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.631799

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Offshore wind farm footprint on organic and mineral particle flux to the bottom

Ivanov, Evgeny; Capet, Arthur; De Borger, Emil et al.

2021 • In Frontiers in Marine Science

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/268505

DOI
10.3389/fmars.2021.631799

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Keywords :

North Sea; Offshore Wind Farms

Abstract :

[en] Offshore windfarms (OWFs) offer part of the solution for the energy transition which is urgently needed to mitigate effects of climate change. Marine life has rapidly exploited the new habitat offered by windfarm structures, resulting in increased opportunities for filter- and suspension feeding organisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic matter (OM) deposition in the form of fecal pellets expelled by filtering epifauna in OWFs, on mineralization processes in the sediment. OM deposition fluxes produced in a 3D hydrodynamic model of the Southern Bight of the North Sea were used as input in a model of early diagenesis. Two scenarios of OWF development in the Belgian Part of the North Sea (BPNS) and its surrounding waters were calculated and compared to a no-OWF baseline simulation. The first including constructed OWFs as of 2021, the second containing additional planned OWFs by 2026. Our results show increased total mineralization rates within OWFs (27–30%) in correspondence with increased deposition of reactive organic carbon (OC) encapsulated in the OM. This leads to a buildup of OC in the upper sediment layers (increase by ∼10%) and an increase of anoxic mineralization processes. Similarly, denitrification rates within the OWFs increased, depending on the scenario, by 2–3%. Effects were not limited to the OWF itself: clear changes were noticed in sediments outside of the OWFs, which were mostly opposite to the “within-OWF” effects. This contrast generated relatively small changes when averaging values over the full modeling domain, however, certain changes, such as for example the increased storage of OC in sediments, may be of significant value for national / regional carbon management inventories. Our results add to expectations of ecosystem-wide effects of windfarms in the marine environments, which need to be researched further given the rapid rate of expansion of OWFs.

Research center :

FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Ivanov, Evgeny ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > MAST (Modeling for Aquatic Systems)

Capet, Arthur ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > MAST (Modeling for Aquatic Systems)

De Borger, Emil

Degraer, Steven

Delhez, Eric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Mathématiques générales

Soetaert, Karline

Vanaverbeke, Jan

Grégoire, Marilaure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > MAST (Modeling for Aquatic Systems)

Language :

English

Title :

Offshore wind farm footprint on organic and mineral particle flux to the bottom

Publication date :

2021

Journal title :

Frontiers in Marine Science

eISSN :

2296-7745

Publisher :

Frontiers Media S.A., Switzerland

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.631799/full

Name of the research project :

Face-IT

Funders :

Politique Scientifique Fédérale (Belgique) - BELSPO

Available on ORBi :

since 19 February 2022

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