Viruses of cucurbit crops: current status in the Mediterranean Region

Cucurbits are among the most cultivated crops, and the most economically
important species are melon (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), watermelon
(Citrullus lanatus Thumb.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita
spp.). These crops have become important income sources providing export and
local consumption commodities in many Mediterranean countries. Increased area of
cucurbits has led to the emergence of several viral diseases, which can have impacts on
crop production and threaten agricultural sustainability. An overview of the most damaging
cucurbit viruses in the Mediterranean area is provided to improve understanding
of the diseases they cause and to emphasize effective disease management strategies.
An updating of the geographical distribution of these viruses, the symptoms they
cause and their means of transmission is also provided. Disease management methods
and measures by farmers and phytosanitary authorities to address the virus outbreaks
are outlined, including diagnostics, use of tolerant cultivars, and chemical and biological
vector control. Mediterranean region farmers have learned many lessons from
the damaging pandemics caused by cucurbit viruses, through the extensive published
research, and this review provides a basis for managing future outbreaks of newly
emerging virus infections.