Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis, A Review. JAMA (2018) 320:1360–72. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.13103
van den Hoek J, Boshuizen HC, Roorda LD, Tijhuis GJ, Nurmohamed MT, van den Bos GA, et al. Mortality in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 15-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Rheumatol Int (2017) 37:487–93. doi: 10.1007/s00296-016-3638-5
Smolen JS, Landew RBM, Bijlsma JWJ, Burmester GR, Dougados M, Kerschbaumer A, et al. EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis With Synthetic and Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: 2019 Update. Ann Rheumatol Dis (2020) 79:685–99. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216655
Daien C, Hua C, Gaujoux-Viala C, Cantagrel A, Dubremetz M, Dougados M, et al. Update of French Society for Rheumatology Recommendations for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis. Joint Bone Spine (2019) 86:135–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.10.002
van der Linden MP, le Cessie S, Raza K, van der Woude D, Knevel R, Huizinga TW, et al. Long-Term Impact of Delay in Assessment of Patients With Early Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol (2010) 62:3537–46. doi: 10.1002/art.27692
Hensor EMA, McKeigue P, Ling SF, Colombo M, Barrett JH, Nam JL, et al. Validity of a Two-Component Imaging-Derived Disease Activity Score for Improved Assessment of Synovitis in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) (2019) 58:1400–9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez049
Hensor EMA, Conaghan PG. Time to Modify the DAS28 to Make it Fit for Purpose(s) in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Expert Rev Clin Immunol (2020) 16:1–4. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2019.1697679
Cohen G, Gossec L, Dougados M, Cantagrel A, Goupille P, Daures JP, et al. Radiological Damage in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis on Sustained Remission. Ann Rheumatol Dis (2007) 66:358–63. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.057497
de Seny D, Fillet M, Ribbens C, Marée R, Meuwis MA, Lutteri L, et al. Monomeric Calgranulins Measured by SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Calprotectin Measured by ELISA as Biomarkers in Arthritis. Clin Chem (2008) 54:1066–75. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.099549
Wicker E, Benton L, George K, Furlow W, Villapol S. Serum Amyloid A Protein as a Potential Biomarker for Severity and Acute Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomed Res Int (2019) 2019:5967816. doi: 10.1155/2019/5967816
Zhou J, Sheng J, Fan Y, Zhu X, Tao Q, He Y, et al. Association Between Serum Amyloid A Levels and Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Postgrad Med J (2018) 94:499–507. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136004
Sarov I, Shainkin-Kestenbaum R, Zimlichman S, Winikoff Y, Chaimovitz C, Pras M. Serum Amyloid A Levels in Patients With Infections Due to Cytomegalovirus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, and Herpes Simplex Virus. J Infect Dis (1982) 146:443. doi: 10.1093/infdis/146.3.443
Abouelasrar Salama S, Lavie M, De Buck M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. Cytokines and Serum Amyloid A in the Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev (2019) 50:29–42. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.10.006
Shen C, Sun XG, Liu N, Mu Y, Hong CC, Wei W, et al. Increased Serum Amyloid A and Its Association With Autoantibodies, Acute Phase Reactants and Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mol Med Rep (2015) 11:1528–34. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2804
Hwang YG, Balasubramani GK, Metes ID, Levesque MC, Bridges SL, JrMoreland LW. Differential Response of Serum Amyloid A to Different Therapies in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Potential Value as a Disease Activity Biomarker. Arthritis Res Ther (2016) 18:108. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1009-y
De Buck M, Gouwy M, Wang JM, Van Snick J, Opdenakker G, Struyf S, et al. Structure and Expression of Different Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Variants and Their Concentration-Dependent Functions During Host Insults. Curr Med Chem (2016) 23:1725–55. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666160418114600
Sorić Hosman I, Kos I, Lamot L. Serum Amyloid A in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Compendious Review of a Renowned Biomarker. Front Immunol (2021) 11:631299. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.631299
Larson MA, Wei SH, Weber A, Weber AT, McDonald TL. Induction of Human Mammary-Associated Serum Amyloid A3 Expression by Prolactin or Lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2003) 301:1030–7. doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00045-7
Burgess EJ, Hoyt LR, Randall MJ, Mank MM, Bivona JJ, 3rdEisenhauer PL, et al. Bacterial Lipoproteins Constitute the TLR2-Stimulating Activity of Serum Amyloid A. J Immunol (2018) 201:2377–84. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800503
Abouelasrar Salama S, Gouwy M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The Turning Away of Serum Amyloid A Biological Activities and Receptor Usage. Immunology (2021) 163:115–27. doi: 10.1111/imm.13295
Björkman L, Raynes JG, Shah C, Karlsson A, Dahlgren C, Bylund J. The Proinflammatory Activity of Recombinant Serum Amyloid A Is Not Shared by the Endogenous Protein in the Circulation. Arthritis Rheumatol (2010) 62:1660–5. doi: 10.1002/art.27440
Christenson K, Björkman L, Ahlin S, Olsson M, Sjöholm K, Karlsson A, et al. Endogenous Acute Phase Serum Amyloid A Lacks Pro-Inflammatory Activity, Contrasting the Two Recombinant Variants That Activate Human Neutrophils Through Different Receptors. Front Immunol (2013) 4:92. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00092
Lee JY, Hall JA, Kroehling L, Wu L, Najar T, Nguyen HH, et al. Serum Amyloid A Proteins Induce Pathogenic Th17 Cells and Promote Inflammatory Disease. Cell (2020) 183:2036–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.008
Smole U, Gour N, Phelan J, Hofer G, Köhler C, Kratzer B, et al. Serum Amyloid A Is a Soluble Pattern Recognition Receptor That Drives Type 2 Immunity. Nat Immunol (2020) 21:756–65. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0698-1
Abouelasrar Salama S, De Bondt M, De Buck M, Berghmans N, Proost P, Oliveira VLS, et al. Serum Amyloid A1 (SAA1) Revisited: Restricted Leukocyte-Activating Properties of Homogeneous SAA1. Front Immunol (2020) 11:843. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00843
Kim YJ, Gallien S, El-Khoury V, Goswami P, Sertamo K, Schlesser M, et al. Quantification of SAA1 and SAA2 in Lung Cancer Plasma Using the Isotype-Specific PRM Assays. Proteomics (2015) 15:3116–25. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400382
Nys G, Cobraiville G, Servais AC, Malaise MG, de Seny D, Fillet M. Targeted Proteomics Reveals Serum Amyloid A Variants and Alarmins S100A8-S100A9 as Key Plasma Biomarkers of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Talanta (2019) 204:507–17. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.044
Wang S, Song R, Wang Z, Jing Z, Wang S, Ma J. S100A8/A9 in Inflammation. Front Immunol (2018) 9:1298. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01298
Burri E, Beglinger C. The Use of Fecal Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Gastrointestinal Disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (2014) 8:197–210. doi: 10.1586/17474124.2014.869476
Foell D, Wittkowski H, Roth J. Monitoring Disease Activity by Stool Analyses: From Occult Blood to Molecular Markers of Intestinal Inflammation and Damage. Gut (2009) 58:859–68. doi: 10.1136/gut.2008.170019
Wang Q, Woo JW, Park SH. The Role of Calprotectin in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Transl Int Med (2019) 7:126–31. doi: 10.2478/jtim-2019-0026
Kang KY, et al. S100A8/A9 as a Biomarker for Synovial Inflammation and Joint Damage in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Korean J Intern Med (2014) 29:12–9. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2014.29.1.12
Sunahori K, Yamamura M, Yamana J, Takasugi K, Kawashima M, Yamamoto H, et al. The S100A8/A9 Heterodimer Amplifies Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Macrophages viaa Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B and P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther (2006) 8:R69. doi: 10.1186/ar1939
Di Ceglie I, Kruisbergen NNL, van den Bosch MHJ, van Lent PLEM. Fc-Gamma Receptors and S100A8/A9 Cause Bone Erosion During Rheumatoid Arthritis. Do They Act as Partners in Crime? Rheumatology (Oxford) (2019) 58:331–1343. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez218
Di Ceglie I, Ascone G, Cremers NAJ, Sloetjes AW, Walgreen B, Vogl T, et al. Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Influx of S100A8/A9-Producing Neutrophils as Inducer of Bone Erosion During Antigen-Induced Arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther (2018) 20:80. doi: 10.1186/s13075-018-1584-1
Hammer HB, Ødegård S, Syversen SW, Landewé R, van der Heijde D, Uhlig T, et al. Calprotectin (a Major S100 Leucocyte Protein) Predicts 10-Year Radiographic Progression in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheumatol Dis (2010) 69:150–4. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.103739
Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO, 3rdet al. 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria: An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheumatol (2010) 62:2569–81. doi: 10.1002/art.27584
van Riel PL, Renskers L. The Disease Activity Score (DAS) and the Disease Activity Score Using 28 Joint Counts (DAS28) in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol (2016) 34:S40–4.
Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers (1988).
Gavrilă BI, Ciofu C, Stoica V. Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis, What is New? J Med Life (2016) 9:144–8.
Matsui T, Kuga Y, Kaneko A, Nishino J, Eto Y, Chiba N, et al. Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) Using C-Reactive Protein Underestimates Disease Activity and Overestimates EULAR Response Criteria Compared With DAS28 Using Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in a Large Observational Cohort of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Japan. Ann Rheumatol Dis (2007) 66:1221–6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.063834
Orr CK, Najm A, Young F, McGarry T, Biniecka M, Fearon U, et al. The Utility and Limitations of CRP, ESR and DAS28-CRP in Appraising Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) (2018) 5:185. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00185
Nordal HH, Fagerhol MK, Halse AK, Hammer HB. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) Should Preferably be Measured in EDTA-Plasma; Results From a Longitudinal Study of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest (2018) 78:102–8. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1419371
Cunnane G, Grehan S, Geoghegan S, McCormack C, Shields D, Whitehead AS, et al. Serum Amyloid A in the Assessment of Early Inflammatory Arthritis. J Rheumatol (2000) 27:58–63.
Chambers RE, MacFarlane DG, Whicher JT, Dieppe PA. Serum Amyloid-A Protein Concentration in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Role in Monitoring Disease Activity. Ann Rheumatol Dis (1983) 42:665–7. doi: 10.1136/ard.42.6.665
Targońska-Stępniak B, Dryglewska M, Majdan M. Influence of Long-Term Leflunomide Treatment on Serum Amyloid Concentration in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Pharmacol Rep (2010) 62:719–25. doi: 10.1016/S1734-1140(10)70329-7
Odink K, Cerletti N, Brüggen J, Clerc RG, Tarcsay L, Zwadlo G, et al. Two Calcium-Binding Proteins in Infiltrate Macrophages of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nature (1987) 330:80–2. doi: 10.1038/330080a0
Jonsson MK, Sundlisæter NP, Nordal HH, Hammer HB, Aga AB, Olsen IC, et al. Calprotectin as a Marker of Inflammation in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheumatol Dis (2017) 76:2031–7. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211695
Nordal HH, Brokstad KA, Solheim M, Halse AK, Kvien TK, Hammer HB. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) has the Strongest Association With Ultrasound-Detected Synovitis and Predicts Response to Biologic Treatment: Results From a Longitudinal Study of Patients With Established Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther (2017) 19:3. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1201-0
Choi IY, Gerlag DM, Herenius MJ, Thurlings RM, Wijbrandts CA, Foell D, et al. MRP8/14 Serum Levels as a Strong Predictor of Response to Biological Treatments in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheumatol Dis (2015) 74:499–505. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203923
García-Arias M, Pascual-Salcedo D, Ramiro S, Ueberschlag ME, Jermann TM, Cara C, et al. Calprotectin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association With Disease Activity in a Cross-Sectional and a Longitudinal Cohort. Mol Diagn Ther (2013) 17:49–56. doi: 10.1007/s40291-013-0016-9
Nordal HH, Brun JG, Hordvik M, Eidsheim M, Jonsson R, Halse AK. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) and S100A12 are Associated With Measures of Disease Activity in a Longitudinal Study of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Infliximab. Scand J Rheumatol (2016) 45:274–81. doi: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1107128
Patro PS, Singh A, Misra R, Aggarwal A. Myeloid-Related Protein 8/14 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Marker of Disease Activity and Response to Methotrexate. J Rheumatol (2016) 43:731–7. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150998
Hammer HB, Odegard S, Fagerhol MK, Landewé R, van der Heijde D, Uhlig T, et al. Calprotectin (a Major Leucocyte Protein) is Strongly and Independently Correlated With Joint Inflammation and Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheumatol Dis (2007) 66:1093–7. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.064741
Bernardy C, Lejeune S, Courtier A, Wendling D, Berenbaum F, Nguyenet MVC, et al. Calprotectin Alone Is Not Sufficient to Predict Response to Methotrexate in Early ACR/EULAR 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis: Analysis of the ESPOIR Cohort. Joint Bone Spine (2020) 87:99–100. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.07.001
Molenaar ETH, Voskuyl AE, Dijkmans BA. Functional Disability in Relation to Radiological Damage and Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Remission. J Rheumatol (2002) 29:267–70.
