Application of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, γ-ray spectrometry and multivariate statistical approach for the classification of soil/sand from Douala – Cameroon
[en] The distribution of natural radionuclides in sediments from Douala, Cameroon has been carried out based on X- and γ-ray spectrometry. Radiological health parameters were evaluated and found to be lower than the internationally approved values for actions. Soil elemental characterization and differentiation displayed the concentration of major elements. In addition, the principal component analysis (PCA) established correlations between different parameters of the study by calculating linear Pearson, Kendall's tau, Spearman's rho correlation coefficients, and cumulative probabilities. The total average concentrations of radionuclides 235U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K were 3.2, 53.1, 33.4, and 301.2 Bq/kg, respectively. The principal component analysis based on linear Pearson, Kendall's tau, Spearman's rho correlation coefficients, and cumulative probabilities calculations displays a strong correlation coefficient only between Ra-226 and U-235. The combination of spectrometry, PCA results, and comparison with previous studies highlighted the main characteristics of the investigated area to be illustrative dregs from the Continental margin. As a pioneering study using both spectrometric and PCA methods in Douala, the method was proved to be useful, and the results would be set as a database for future investigations.
Strivay, David ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de physique > Spectroscopie atomique et nucléaire, archéométrie
Language :
English
Title :
Application of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, γ-ray spectrometry and multivariate statistical approach for the classification of soil/sand from Douala – Cameroon
Ababneh, A.M., Eyadeh, M.M., Coincidence summing corrections in HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry for Marinelli-beakers geometry using peak to total (P/T) calibration. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., 2015, 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.05.003.
Beretka, J., Mathew, P.J., Natural radioactivity of australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products. Health Phys., 1985, 10.1097/00004032-198501000-00007.
Blagoev, K., Grozeva, M., Malcheva, G., Neykova, S., Investigation by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray powder diffraction of the chemical composition of white clay ceramic tiles from Veliki Preslav. Spectrochim. Acta Part B At. Spectrosc., 2013, 10.1016/j.sab.2012.11.003.
Britton, R., Burnett, J., Davies, A., Regan, P.H., Determining the efficiency of a broad-energy HPGe detector using Monte Carlo simulations. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 2013, 10.1007/s10967-012-2203-2.
Cojoc, E.I., Postolache, C., Olariu, B., Beierkuhnlein, C., Effects of anthropogenic fragmentation on primary productivity and soil carbon storage in temperate mountain grasslands. Environ. Monit. Assess., 188, 2016, 10.1007/s10661-016-5667-7.
de Castilhos, N.D.B., Melquiades, F.L., Thomaz, E.L., Bastos, R.O., X-ray fluorescence and gamma-ray spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis for topographic studies in agricultural soil. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 2015, 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.09.013.
Dierke, C., Werban, U., Relationships between gamma-ray data and soil properties at an agricultural test site. Geoderma 199 (2013), 90–98, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.017.
Dos Anjos, M.J., Lopes, R.T., De Jesus, E.F.O., Assis, J.T., Cesareo, R., Barradas, C.A.A., Quantitative analysis of metals in soil using X-ray fluorescence. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B At. Spectrosc. 55 (2000), 1189–1194, 10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00165-8.
Dragovic, S., Onjia, A., Classification of soil samples according to their geographic origin using gamma-ray spectrometry and principal component analysis. J. Environ. Radioact. 89 (2006), 150–158, 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.002.
Duchesne, J.C., Bologne, G., XRF major and trace element determination in Fe-Ti oxide minerals. Geol. Belg., 2009.
Guembou, J.C.S., Moyo Ndontchueng, M., Mekongtso Nguelem, J.E., Chene, G., Motapon, O., Kayo, S.A., Strivay, D., Determination of the natural radioactivity, elemental composition and geological provenance of sands from Douala in the littoral region of Cameroon using X-ray and γ-ray spectrometry. B. Appl. Earth Sci., 2019, 10.1080/25726838.2019.1637656.
Guembou Shouop, C.J., Elemental quantification and radioactive characterization of soil from Douala Bassa Area: littoral region of Cameroon using EDXRF and γspectrometry technics. Environ. Res. Commun., 2019, 10.1088/2515-7620/ab1d72 (in press).
Guembou Shouop, C.J., Bak, S., Maze influence to radiological protection around industrial radiographic sources ( Co-60 ) under 100 Ci. Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society Autumn Meeting Goyang, Korea, October 24-25, 2019. Pp. 3–6, 2019.
Guembou Shouop, C.J., Sang-In, B., Shielding design for high-intensity Co-60 and Ir-192 gamma sources used in industrial radiography based on PHITS Monte Carlo simulations. Eur. Phys. J. Plus., 2020, 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00797-8.
Guembou Shouop, C.J., Ndontchueng Moyo, M., Chene, G., Nguelem Mekontso, E.J., Motapon, O., Kayo, S.A., Strivay, D., Assessment of natural radioactivity and associated radiation hazards in sand building material used in Douala Littoral Region of Cameroon, using gamma spectrometry. Environ. Earth Sci, 2017, 10.1007/s12665-017-6474-3.
Hazou, E., Guembou Shouop, C.J., Nguelem Mekongtso, E.J., Ndontchueng Moyo, M., Beyala Ateba, J.F., Tchakpele, P.K., Preliminary assessment of natural radioactivity and associated radiation hazards in a phosphate mining site in southern area of Togo. Radiat. Detect. Technol. Methods., 2019, 10.1007/s41605-018-0091-x.
Huang, J., Lark, R.M., Robinson, D.A., Lebron, I., Keith, A.M., Rawlins, B., Tye, A., Kuras, O., Raines, M., Triantafilis, J., Scope to predict soil properties at within-field scale from small samples using proximally sensed γ-ray spectrometer and EM induction data. Geoderma, 2014, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.04.031.
IBM. IBM SPSS Statistics 25. 2017, Ibm, 10.1080/02331889108802322.
ICRP. ICRP Publication 103. 2007, ICRP, Ann, 10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2.
Joel, G.S.C., Penabei, S., Ndontchueng, M.M., Chene, G., Mekontso, E.J.N., Ebongue, A.N., Ousmanou, M., David, S., Precision measurement of radioactivity in gamma-rays spectrometry using two HPGe detectors (BEGe-6530 and GC0818-7600SL models) comparison techniques: application to the soil measurement. Methods (Duluth), 2017, 10.1016/j.mex.2016.12.003.
Laili, Z., Yasir, M.S., Omar, M., Mohd Zaidi, I., Philip, E., Olgun, M.T., Deng, S., Noli, F., Kazakis, N., Vargemezis, G., Ioannidou, A., Felice, P. De, Gascoyne, M., Ward, A., Alhajji, E., Al-Masri, M.S., Khalily, H., Naoum, B.E., Khalil, H.S., Nashawati, A., Sonali, P.D.B., Ajay, K., Priyanka, J.R., Rupali, K., Rajesh, V.K., Rajvir, S., Pradeepkumar, K.S., Bell, S., Canberra Industries, Canberra. Roi, P.R.O.I., Goldfarb, W., Hydrometer, F., Model, F., Balance, P., Faculty, H., Whitaker, J.C., Lépy, M.C., Pearce, A., Sima, O., Genie TM 2000 spectroscopy software operations. Canberra https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1974.tb00606.x, 2016.
Marsac, K.E., Burnley, P.C., Adcock, C.T., Haber, D.A., Malchow, R.L., Hausrath, E.M., Modeling background radiation using geochemical data: a case study in and around Cameron, Arizona. J. Environ. Radioact., 2016, 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.012.
Melquiades, F.L., Dos Santos, F.R., Preliminary results: energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and partial least squares regression for organic matter determination in soil. Spectrosc. Lett., 2013, 10.1080/00387010.2013.874532.
Ndontchueng, M.M., Jilbert, E., Nguelem, M., Simo, A., Njinga, R.L., Shouop, G., Joël, C., Gamma emitting radionuclides in soils from selected areas in Douala-Bassa zone, littoral region of Cameroon. ISRN Spectrosc, 8, 2014, 10.1155/2014/245125.
Ndontchueng, M.M., M Nguelem, E.J., Motapon, O., Njinga, R.L., Simo, A., S Guembou, J.C., Yimele, B., Vakhnenko, V.O., Radiological hazards in soil from the bauxite deposits sites in dschang region of Cameroon. Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 5 (2015), 342–352, 10.9734/BJAST/2015/13352.
Ndontchueng, M.M., Nguelem, E.J.M., Motapon, O., Njinga, R.L., Simo, A., Guembou, J.C.S., Yimele, B., Vyacheslav, Vakhnenko, O., BJAST.2015.032 Original Research Article Ndontchueng et al BJAST, 342–352. Article no, 2015, 10.9734/BJAST/2015/13352.
Nguelem, E.J.M., Ndontchueng, M.M., Motapon, O., Guembou, C.J.S., Darko, E.O., Radiological monitoring and statistical approach of primordial and anthropogenic radionuclides in surface soil of Mami-water site in the Western Cameroon. Environ. Earth Sci., 2017, 10.1007/s12665-017-6951-8.
Nguelem, E.J.M., Ndontchueng, M.M., Motapon, O., Guembou, C.J.S., Darko, E.O., Radiological monitoring and statistical approach of primordial and anthropogenic radionuclides in surface soil of Mami-water site in the Western Cameroon. Environ. Earth Sci., 76, 2017, 10.1007/s12665-017-6951-8.
Penabei, S., Bongue, D., Maleka, P., Dlamini, T., Saïdou, Guembou Shouop, C.J., Halawlaw, Y.I., Ngwa Ebongue, A., Kwato Njock, M.G., Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and the associated radiological hazards in some building materials from Mayo-Kebbi region. Chad. Radioprotection 53 (2018), 265–278, 10.1051/radiopro/2018030.
Preziosi, E., Parrone, D., Del Bon, A., Ghergo, S., Natural background level assessment in groundwaters: probability plot versus pre-selection method. J. Geochem. Explor., 2014, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.03.015.
Priori, S., Bianconi, N., Costantini, E.A.C., Can γ-radiometrics predict soil textural data and stoniness in different parent materials? A comparison of two machine-learning methods. Geoderma 226–227 (2014), 354–364, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.03.012.
Ramli, A.T., Rahman, A.T.A., Lee, M.H., Statistical prediction of terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate based on geological features and soil types in Kota Tinggi district, Malaysia. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 2003, 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.08.003.
Rossel, R.A.V., Taylor, H.J., McBratney, A.B., Multivariate calibration of hyperspectral γ-ray energy spectra for proximal soil sensing. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 58 (2007), 343–353, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00859.x.
Saleh, M.A., Ramli, A.T., Alajerami, Y., Aliyu, A.S., Assessment of environmental 226Ra, 232Th and 40K concentrations in the region of elevated radiation background in Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia. J. Environ. Radioact., 2013, 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.04.013.
Saleh, M.A., Ramli, A.T., Hamzah, K. bin, Alajerami, Y., Moharib, M., Saeed, I., Prediction of terrestrial gamma dose rate based on geological formations and soil types in the Johor State, Malaysia. J. Environ. Radioact., 2015, 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.019.
Guembou Shouop, Cébastien Joel, Radiation protection optimization IN fixed industrial radiography-based phits Monte Carlo code simulation. IAEA International Conference on Radiation Safety: Improving Radiation Protection in Practice, 2020.
Guembou Shouop, Cebastien Joel, SHIELDING DESIGN AND SAFETY MEASURES AROUND 60Co, 192Ir, AND 252Cf SOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY FACILITIES BASED ON PHITS MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS. 2020, KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.
Shouop, G., Joel, C., Maurice, N.M., Mekongtso, N., Jilbert, E., Ousmanou, M., David, S., Monte Carlo method for gamma spectrometry based on GEANT4 toolkit: efficiency calibration of BE6530 detector. J. Environ. Radioact. 189 (2018), 109–119, 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.03.015.
Guembou Shouop, Cebastien Joel, Bak, S.-I., Ndontchueng Moyo, M., Nguelem, E.J., Strivay, D., Barite concrete for 252Cf spontaneous neutron shielding based on Monte Carlo computation. NuMat2020: the Nuclear Materials Conference, 2020.
Guembou Shouop, Cebastien Joel, Bak, S.I., Ndontchueng Moyo, M., Nguelem Mekongtso, E.J., Strivay, D., New Cf-252 neutron source shielding design based Monte Carlo simulation using material combination. AIP Adv., 2020, 10.1063/1.5144923.
Shouop Guembou, J.C., Moyo Ndontchueng, M., Chene, G., Mekongtso Nguelem, J.E., Motapon, O., Strivay, D., Simultaneously gamma spectrometry & energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence-based color differentiation analysis of Douala-Bassa area's soil. Environ. Technol. Innov., 2019, 100486, 10.1016/j.eti.2019.100486.
Shouop Guembou, J.C., Moyo Ndontchueng, M., Mekongtso Nguelem, J.E., Chene, G., Kayo, S., Motapon, O., Strivay, D., Elemental quantification and radioactive characterization of soil from Douala Bassa area: littoral region of Cameroon using X- and γ -rays spectrometry. Environ. Res. Commun., 1, 2019, 065001, 10.1088/2515-7620/ab1d72.
Sivakumar, S., Chandrasekaran, A., Ravisankar, R., Rajalakshmi, A., Pream Anand, D., SureshGandhi, M., Measurements of natural gamma radiation in beach sediments of north east coast of Tamilnadu, India by gamma ray spectrometry with multivariate statistical approach. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 7 (2013), 7–17, 10.1016/j.jrras.2013.11.001.
Smith, A.L., Colle, J.Y., Raison, P.E., Beneš, O., Konings, R.J.M., Thermodynamic investigation of Na2U2O7 using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry and high temperature X-ray diffraction. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 2015, 10.1016/j.jct.2015.06.026.
Solé, V.A., Papillon, E., Cotte, M., Walter, P., Susini, J., A multiplatform code for the analysis of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra. Spectrochim. Acta Part B At. Spectrosc., 2007, 10.1016/j.sab.2006.12.002.
UNSCEAR. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. UNSCEAR 2000 Rep. To Gen. 2000 (Assem).
UNSCEAR. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation to the General Assembly., 2008 (United Nation).
Valentin, J., Annals of the ICRP annals of the ICRP. Ann. ICRP 43 (2007), 1–99, 10.1016/j.icrp.2006.06.001.
Victor Asaah, A., Festus Abimbola, A., Emmanuel Suh, C., Strategic Partnerships in Higher Education Delivery and Quality Assurance View Project. 2006.
Zhang, X., Liu, M., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Zhao, W., Li, A., Chen, Shi, Chen, Shiping, Han, X., Huang, J., Topography and grazing effects on storage of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in the northern China grasslands. Ecol. Indicat. 93 (2018), 45–53, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.04.068.