In-line monitoring of glyphosate in a microfluidic setup by SERS, development and optimization by DoE

Quantifying and monitoring trace amounts of glyphosate and pesticide residues in the environment typically relies on analytical methods such as Gas Chromatography (GC) or Liquid Chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) [4]. However, these types of methods are expensive and often less suitable for in situ field analysis. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with microfluidic could be an alternative method, which allows a fast and direct quantification on the field [5] with miniaturised instrumentation. Indeed, SERS combines the advantage of Raman spectroscopy and is able to detect traces due to the signal enhancement resulting from the adsorption of the analyte on the rough nanoparticle surface [6].