[en] Eco-cultural landscapes are assumed to be favourable environments for the persistence of biodiversity, but global change may affect differently their terrestrial and aquatic components. Yet, few long-term studies have examined how multiple, global change stressors may affect wetland biodiversity in such environments. Facultative paedomorphosis is a spectacular example of intra-specific variation, in which biphasic (metamorphosing) amphibians coexist with fully aquatic conspecifics which do not metamorphose (paedomorphs). Paedomorphosis is seriously threatened by global change stressors, but it is unknown to what extent traditional management will allow its long-term persistence. Here, we tested the effects of alien species introductions while taking into account land-use and climate changes on the distribution of two polymorphic newt species (Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton graecus) in Montenegro by using a 68-year data set and Bayesian mixed models integrating complex spatial and temporal structures. We found that, despite the persistence of natural landscapes, metamorphs dramatically declined, and paedomorphs were nearly extirpated, losing 99.9% of their aquatic area of occupancy and all the major populations. Fish introduction was the main determinant of decline for both phenotypes. Climate and the presence of crayfish further contributed to the decline of metamorphs, which started later and was less dramatic than that of paedomorphs. The near extinction of paedomorphosis on a country-wide scale shows how invasive species determine broad scale impacts, which can be even stronger than other global change stressors, and underlines the need for immediate management actions to avoid the extinction of a unique developmental process, paedomorphosis.
Research Center/Unit :
FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
Denoël, Mathieu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Ficetola, G. Francesco; Università degli Studi di Milano
Sillero, Neftali; University of Porto
Dzukic, Georg; University of Belgrade
Kalezic, Milos L.; University of Belgrade
Vukov, Tanja; University of Belgrade
Muhovic, Irma; Montenegrin Ecologists Society
Ikovic, Vuk; Montenegrin Ecologists Society
Lejeune, Benjamin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Language :
English
Title :
Traditionally managed landscapes do not prevent amphibian decline and the extinction of paedomorphosis
Publication date :
May 2019
Journal title :
Ecological Monographs
ISSN :
0012-9615
Publisher :
Wiley-Blackwell, United States
Volume :
89
Issue :
2
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture ULiège - Université de Liège Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development
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