[en] The most recent eruption of Mt. Fuji (Japan), the VEI 5 Hōei plinian eruption (CE 1707) heavily impacted Lake Yamanaka, a shallow lake located at the foot of Mt. Fuji. Here, we discuss the influence of the Hōei eruption on the lacustrine sedimentation of Lake Yamanaka using high resolution geophysical and geochemical measurements on gravity cores. Hōei scoria fall-out had two major impacts on Lake Yamanaka: (i) reduction of the sedimentation rate (from ~0.16 cm/yr to ~0.09 cm/yr); and (ii) the increase of in-situ lake productivity. Sedimentation rates after the eruption were relatively low due to the thick scoria layer, trapping underlying sediments in the catchment. The lacustrine system took over more than ~170 years to begin to recover from the Hōei eruption: sedimentation recovery have been accelerated by changes in land use. Since the beginning of the 20th Century, vegetated strips delimited cultivated parcels, trapping sediment and minimizing the anthropogenic impacts on the sedimentation rate. Over the last decade, the decline of agriculture and the increase of other human activities led to an increase in the sedimentation rate (~1 cm/yr). This study highlights the effect of the grainsize of the volcanic ejecta on the sedimentation rate following a volcanic eruption. Coarse-grained tephra are difficult to erode. Therefore, their erosion and remobilization is largely limited to intense typhoons when porous scoria deposits are saturated by heavy rains. Moreover, this study suggests that recent anthropogenic modifications of the catchment had a greater impact on the sedimentation rate than the Hōei eruption.
Adhikari, D.P., Koshimizu, S., & Uchiyama, T. (2005). Variation in particle size distribution in the core sediment of Lake Yamanaka, northeastern foot of Mt. Fuji and its paleoenvironmental significance. Proceeding of the 15th symposium on Geo-environments and Geo-Technics, 191–196.
Agnihotri, R., Altabet, M. A., Herbert, T. D., & Tierney, J. E. (2008). Subdecadally resolved paleoceanography of the Peru margin during the last two millennia. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q05013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001744
Aizaki, M., Otsuki, A., Fukushima, T., Kawai, T., Hosomi, M., & Muraoka, K. (1981). Application of modified Carlson's trophic state index to Japanese lakes and its relationships to other parameters related to trophic state (in Japanese with English summary). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies Japan, 23, 13–31.
Barfield, B. J., Kao, D. T. Y., & Tollner, E. W. (1975). Analysis of the sediment filtering action of grassed media. Research Paper 90. Lexington: University of Kentucky, Water Research Institute.
Collins, B. D., & Dunne, T. (1986). Erosion of tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 97(7), 896–905. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<896:EOTFTE>2.0.CO;2
Collins, B. D., Dunne, T., & Lehre, A. K. (1983). Erosion of tephra-covered hillslopes north of Mount St. Helens, Washington: May 1980-May 1981. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Suppl. Bd, 46, 103–121.
Cuven, S., Francus, P., & Lamoureux, S. (2011). Mid to Late Holocene hydroclimatic and geochemical records from the varved sediments of East lake, Cape Bounty, Canadian High Arctic. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(19-20), 2651–2665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.019
Dillaha, T. A., Reneau, R. B., Mostaghimi, S., & Lee, D. (1989). Vegetative filter strips for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. Transactions of the ASAE, 32(2), 0513–0519. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.31033
Duggen, S., Croot, P., Schacht, U., & Hoffmann, L. (2007). Subduction zone volcanic ash can fertilize the surface ocean and stimulate phytoplankton growth: Evidence from biogeochemical experiments and satellite data. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L01612. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027522
Dunne, T. (1979). Sediment yield and land use in tropical catchments. Journal of Hydrology, 42(3-4), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90052-0
Fahey, B. D., & Coker, R. J. (1989). Forest road erosion in the granite terrain of southwest Nelson, New Zealand. Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand), 28, 123–141.
Folsom, M. M. (1986). Tephra on range and forest lands of eastern Washington: Local erosion and redeposition. In Mount St Helens: Five years later (pp. 116–119). Washington: Eastern Washington University Press.
Fredriksen, R. L. (1970). Erosion and sedimentation following road construction and timber harvest on unstable soils in three small western Oregon watersheds. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper PNW- 104: Portland, Oregon.
Frogner, P., Gislason, S. R., & Oskarsson, N. (2001). Fertilizing potential of volcanic ash in ocean surface water. Geology, 29(6), 487–490. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0487:FPOVAI>2.0.CO;2
Google Earth V. 7.1.8.3036. (April 24, 2016). Lake Yamanaka, Honshu Island. 35°24′57″N, 138°52′29″E, Eye alt 2000 m. Landsat, Copernicus. Retrieved from http://www.earth.google.com [August 16, 2017].
Grant, G. E., & Wolff, A. L. (1991). Long-term patterns of sediment transport after timber harvest, Western Cascade Mountain, Oregon, USA. In Sediment and stream water quality in a changing environment: Trends and explanation (pp. 31–40). Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: IAHS publication 203.
GSI (2017). Geospatial information authority of Japan. Global map. Retrieved from http://maps.gsi.go.jp, consulted on August 18, 2017.
Hayami, A., Saito, O., & Tobey, R. (Eds.) (2004). Emergence of economic society in Japan (pp. 1600–1859). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hayes, S. K., Montgomery, D. R., & Newhall, C. (2002). Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Geomorphology, 45(3–4), 211–224.
Heiri, O., Lotter, A. F., & Lemcke, G. (2001). Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: Reproducibility and comparability of results. Journal of Paleolimnology, 25(1), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008119611481
Hirabayashi, K., Yoshizawa, K., Yoshida, N., & Kazama, F. (2004). Progress of eutrophication and change of chironomid fauna in Lake Yamanakako, Japan. Limnology, 5(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-003-0113-2
Jones, M. T., & Gislason, S. R. (2008). Rapid releases of metal salts and nutrients following the deposition of volcanic ash into aqueous environments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72(15), 3661–3680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.030
Kendall, C. (1998). Tracing nitrogen sources and cycles in catchments. In C. Kendall & J. J. McDonnell (Eds.), Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology (pp. 519–576). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Koshimizu, S., & Tomura, K. (2000). Geochemical behavior of trace vanadium in the spring, groundwater, and lake water at the foot of Mt. Fuji, central Japan. In K. Sato & Y. Iwasa (Eds.), Groundwater updates (pp. 171–176). Tokyo, Japan: Springer-Verlag.
Koshimizu, S., Uchiyama, T., & Yamamoto, G. (2007). Volcanic history of Mt. Fuji recorded in borehole cores from Fuji Five Lakes surrounding Mt. Fuji. Fuji. In S. Aramaki, T. Fujii, S. Nakada, & N. Miyaji (Eds.), Fuji Volcano (in Japanese with English abstract) (pp. 365–374). Yamanashi: Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences.
Koshino, M. (1990). The use of organic and chemical fertilizers in Japan. Extension bulletin 312. Taipei: Food and Fertilizer Technology center.
Kylander, M., Ampel, L., Wohlfarth, B., & Veres, D. (2011). High-resolution X-ray fluorescence core scanning analysis of Les Echets (France) sedimentary sequence: new insights from chemical proxies. Journal of Quaternary Science, 26(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1438
Lamair, L., Hubert-Ferrari, A., Yamamoto, S., Fujiwara, O., Yokoyama, Y., Garrett, E., De Batist, M., Heyvaert, V. M. A., & QuakeRecNankai Team (2019). Use of high-resolution seismic reflection data for paleogeographical reconstruction of shallow Lake Yamanaka (Fuji Five Lakes, Japan). Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 514, 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.028
Major, J. J., Bertin, D., Pierson, T. C., Amigo, A., Iroumé, A., Ulloa, H., & Castro, J. (2016). Extraordinary sediment delivery and rapid geomorphic response following the 2008–2009 eruption of Chaitén Volcano, Chile. Water Resources Research, 52, 5075–5094. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018250
Major, J. J., Janda, R. J., & Daag, A. S. (1996). Watershed disturbance and lahars on the east side of Mount Pinatubo during the mid-June 1991 eruptions. In C. G. Newhall & R. S. Punongbayan (Eds.), Fire and mud, eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines (pp. 895–920). Quezon City, and University of Washington Press, Seattle: PHIVOLCS Press.
Manville, V., Nemeth, K., & Kano, K. (2009). Source to sink: A review of three decades of progress in the understanding of volcaniclastic processes, deposits, and hazards. Sedimentary Geology, 220(3-4), 136–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.04.022
Manville, V., Segschneider, B., Newton, E. H., White, J. L. D., Houghton, B. F., & Wilson, C. J. N. (2009). Environmental impact of the 1.8 ka Taupo eruption: Landscape responses to a large-scale explosive rhyolitic eruption. Sedimentary Geology, 220(3-4), 318–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.04.017
Manville, V., & Wilson, C. J. N. (2004). The 26.5 ka Oruanui eruption, New Zealand: A review of the roles of volcanism and climate in the post-eruptive sedimentary response. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 47(3), 525–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2004.9515074
Megahan, W. F., & Kidd, W. J. (1972). Effect of logging roads on sediment production rates in the Idaho batholith. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper INT-123: Ogden, Utah.
Meyers, P. A. (1994). Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter. Chemical Geology, 114(3-4), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0
Miyaji, N., Kan'no, A., Kanamaru, T., & Mannen, K. (2011). High-resolution reconstruction of the Hoei eruption (AD 1707) of Fuji volcano, Japan. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 207(3-4), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.06.013
Moore, D. M., & Reynolds, R. C. (1989). X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals (332 pp.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Oldfield, F., & Appleby, P. G. (1984). Empirical testing of Pb-210-dating models for lake-sediments. In E. Y. Haworth & J. G. Lund (Eds.), Lake sediments and environmental history (pp. 93–124). Leicester: Leicester University Press.
Ollier, C. D., & Brown, M. J. F. (1971). Erosion of a young volcano in New Guinea. Zeitschrift fuer Geomorphologie, 15(1), 12–28.
Oskarsson, N. (1980). The interaction between volcanic gases and tephra: Fluorine adhering to tephra of the 1970 Hekla eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 8(2-4), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(80)90107-9
Ozaki, M., Makimoto, H., Sugiyama, Y., Mimura, K., Sakai, A., Kubo, K., Kato, H., Komazawa, M., Hiroshima, T., & Sudo, S. (2002). Geological map of Japan 1: 200 000, Kofu (in Japanese with English abstract). Tsukuba, Japan: Geological Survey of Japan, AIST.
Paletto, A., Sereno, C., & Furuido, H. (2008). Historical evolution of forest management in Europe and in Japan. Bulletin of the Tokyo university forests, 119, 25–44.
Pierson, T. C., Janda, R. J., Umbal, J. V., & Daag, A. S. (1992). Immediate and long-term hazards from lahars and excess sedimentation in rivers draining Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92–4039 (35 pp.).
Pierson, T. C., & Major, J. J. (2014). Hydrogeomorphic effects of explosive volcanic eruptions on drainage basins. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 42(1), 469–507. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054913
Pierson, T. C., Major, J. J., Amigo, A., & Moreno, H. (2013). Acute sedimentation response to rainfall following the explosive phase of the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile. Bulletin of Volcanology, 75(5), 723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0723-4
Reid, L. M., & Dunne, T. (1984). Sediment production from road surfaces. Water Resources Research, 20(11), 1753–1761. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i011p01753
Schmidt, S., & De Deckker, P. (2015). Present-day sedimentation rates on the southern and southeastern Australian continental margins. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 62(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2015.1014846
Smith, M. A., & White, M. J. (1985). Observations on lakes near Mount St. Helens: phytoplankton. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 104, 345–362.
Suzuki, I., Hayashi, K., Igarashi, Y., Takahashi, H., Sawa, Y., Ogura, N., Akagi, T., & Dokiya, Y. (2008). Seasonal variation of water-soluble ion species in the atmospheric aerosols at the summit of Mt. Fuji. Atmospheric Environment, 42(34), 8027–8035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.014
Telford, R. J., Barker, P., Metcalfe, S., & Newton, A. (2004). Lacustrine responses to tephra deposition: Examples from Mexico. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23(23-24), 2337–2353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.014
Tsuya, H. (1955). Geological and petrological studies of volcano, Fuji, V.: 5. On the 1707 eruption of Volcano Fuji. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 33, 341–383.
White, J. D. L., Houghton, B. F., Hodgson, K. A., & Wilson, C. J. N. (1997). Delayed sedimentary response to the CE 1886 eruption of Tarawera, New Zealand. Geology, 25(5), 459–462. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0459:DSRTTA>2.3.CO;2
Yamagishi, T., Ooshima, K., & Watanabe, M. (1982). Plankton algae from Fuji Goko. Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 15, 91–97.
Yamanashi Prefecture (2015). The water quality of the Fuji Five Lakes over 44 years (in Japanese). Kofu: Yamanashi Prefecture. Retrieved from http://www.pref.yamanashi.jp/taiki-sui/sokutei.html
Yuan, Y., Bingner, R. L., & Locke, M. A. (2009). A review of effectiveness of vegetative buffers on sediment trapping in agricultural areas. Ecohydrology, 2(3), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.82