point cloud; data model; classification; segmentation; point cloud database; semantics; 3D Spatial data; nuage de points; modèle conceptuel; base de données; sémantique
Abstract :
[en] This paper proposes an interoperable model for managing high dimensional point clouds while integrating semantics. Point clouds from sensors are a direct source of information physically describing a 3D state of the recorded environment. As such, they are an exhaustive representation of the real world at every scale: 3D reality-based spatial data. Their generation is increasingly fast but processing routines and data models lack of knowledge to reason from information extraction rather than interpretation. The enhanced smart point cloud developed model allows to bring intelligence to point clouds via 3 connected meta-models while linking available knowledge and classification procedures that permits semantic injection. Interoperability drives the model adaptation to potentially many applications through specialized domain ontologies. A first prototype is implemented in Python and PostgreSQL database and allows to combine semantic and spatial concepts for basic hybrid queries on different point clouds. [fr] Cet article propose un modèle interopérable pour la gestion des nuages de points volumineux tout en intégrant la sémantique. Les nuages de points provenant des capteurs sont une source directe d'information décrivant physiquement un état 3D de l'environnement. Ils sont une représentation exhaustive du monde réel à toutes les échelles: des données spatiales 3D basées sur la réalité. Leur génération est de plus en plus rapide, mais les routines de traitement et les modèles de données manquent de connaissances pour raisonner à partir de l'extraction dinformation plutôt que de l'interprétation. Le modèle conceptuel de nuages de points intelligents développé permet d'apporter l'intelligence aux nuages de points via 3 méta-modèles connectés, tout en reliant les connaissances disponibles et les procédures de classification qui permettent l'injection sémantique. L'interopérabilité conduit l'adaptation du modèle à de nombreuses applications grâce à des ontologies de domaines spécialisés. Un premier prototype est implémenté dans la base de données Python et PostgreSQL et permet de combiner des concepts sémantiques et spatiaux pour des requêtes hybrides de base sur différents nuages de points.
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