[en] This paper presents temperature measurements in four Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs), equipped with fiber optics and located in a semi-urban environment (campus of the University of Liege, Belgium). A 3D numerical model is also presented to simulate the heat loss from the surrounding structures into the subsurface. The mean undisturbed ground temperature was estimated from data during the preliminary phase of a thermal response test (water circulation in the pipe loops), as well as from borehole logging measurements. The measurements during water circulation can significantly overestimate the ground temperature (up to 1.7 C in this case study) for high ambient air temperature during the test, resulting in an overestimation of the maximum extracted power and of the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP). To limit the error in the COP and the extracted power to less than 5%, the error in the undisturbed temperature estimation should not exceed ±1.5 °C and ±0.6 °C respectively. In urbanised areas, configurations of short BHEs (length < 40 m) could be economically advantageous (decreased installation and operation costs) compared to long BHEs, especially for temperature gradient lower than 0.05 °C/m.
Disciplines :
Energie Géologie, ingénierie du pétrole & des mines
Auteur, co-auteur :
Radioti, Georgia ; Université de Liège > Département ArGEnCo > Géomécanique et géologie de l'ingénieur
Sartor, Kevin ; Université de Liège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Systèmes de conversion d'énergie pour un dévelop.durable
Charlier, Robert ; Université de Liège > Département ArGEnCo > Géomécanique et géologie de l'ingénieur
Dewallef, Pierre ; Université de Liège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Systèmes de conversion d'énergie pour un dévelop.durable
Nguyen, Frédéric ; Université de Liège > Département ArGEnCo > Géophysique appliquée
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Effect of undisturbed ground temperature on the design of closed-loop geothermal systems: A case study in a semi-urban environment
Kaushal, M., Geothermal heating/cooling using ground heat exchanger for various experimental and analytical studies: comprehensive review. Energy Build 139 (2017), 634–652.
Lund, J.W., Freeston, D.H., Boyd, T.L., Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review. Geothermics 40:3 (2011), 159–180.
Lucia, U., Simonetti, M., Chiesa, G., Grisolia, G., Ground-source pump system for heating and cooling: review and thermodynamic approach. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 70 (2017), 867–874.
Florides, G., Kalogirou, S., Ground heat exchangers – a review of systems, models and applications. Renew Energy 32:15 (2007), 2461–2478.
Villarino, J.I., Villarino, A., Fernández, F.A., Experimental and modelling analysis of an office building HVAC system based in a ground-coupled heat pump and radiant floor. Appl Energy 190 (2017), 1020–1028.
Buckley, C., Pasquali, R., Lee, M., Dooley, J., Williams, T.H., ‘Ground Source Heat’ & ‘Shallow Geothermal Energy’, homeowner manual. 2015, Geothermal Survey of Ireland.
Self, S.J., Reddy, B.V., Rosen, M.A., Geothermal heat pump systems: status review and comparison with other heating options. Appl Energy 101 (2013), 341–348.
Noorollahi, Y., Gholami Arjenaki, H., Ghasempour, R., Thermo-economic modeling and GIS-based spatial data analysis of ground source heat pump systems for regional geothermal mapping. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 72 (2017), 648–660.
Han, C., Yu, X., Sensitivity analysis of a vertical geothermal heat pump system. Appl Energy 170 (2016), 148–160.
Blum, P., Campillo, G., Kölbel, T., Techno-economic and spatial analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Germany. Energy 36:5 (2011), 3002–3011.
Recknagel H, Sprenger E, Schramek E-R. In: Bodson A, Caradec C, Pastureau S, Petit N, editors. Génie climatique [Taschenbuch für Heizung und Klimatechnik]. Dunod (Paris) [in French].
Kavanaugh, S., Rafferty, K., Geothermal heating and cooling: design of ground-source heat pump systems. 2014, ASHRAE, Atlanda (Georgia).
MIS 3005. Requirements for MCS contractors undertaking the supply, design, installation, set to work, commissioning and handover of microgeneration heat pump systems. London: Department of Energy and Climate Change; 2008.
Dehkordi, S.E., Schincariol, R.A., Effect of thermal-hydrogeological and borehole heat exchanger properties on performance and impact of vertical closed-loop geothermal heat pump systems. Hydrogeol J 22 (2014), 189–203.
Kurevija, T., Vulin, D., Macenić, M., Impact of geothermal gradient on ground source heat pump system modeling. Rudarsko Geolosko Naftni Zbornik 28 (2014), 39–45.
Spitler, J.D., Gehlin, S., Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems – an historical review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 50 (2015), 1125–1137.
Acuña J, Morgesen P, Palm B. Distributed thermal response test on a U-pipe borehole heat exchanger. In: EFFSTOCK conference proceedings 2009, Stockholm, Sweden, 14–17 June; 2009.
Loveridge, F., Holmes, G., Powrie, W., Roberts, T., Thermal response testing through the Chalk aquifer in London, UK. Proc Inst Civ Eng: Geotech Eng 166:2 (2013), 197–210.
Gehlin, S.E.A., Nordell, B., Determining undisturbed ground temperature for thermal response test. ASHRAE Trans 109 (2003), 151–156.
Choi, W., Ooka, R., Interpretation of disturbed data in thermal response tests using the infinite line source model and numerical parameter estimation method. Appl Energy 148 (2015), 476–488.
Bandos, T.V., Montero, A., Fernádez de Córdoba, P., Urchueguía, J.F., Improving parameter estimates obtained from thermal response tests: effect of ambient air temperature variations. Geothermics 40:2 (2011), 136–143.
Singorelli, S., Bassetti, S., Pahud, D., Kohl, T., Numerical evaluation of thermal response tests. Geothermics 36 (2007), 141–166.
Popiel, C.O., Wojtkowiak, J., Biernacka, B., Measurements of temperature distribution in ground. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 25 (2001), 301–309.
Bayer, P., Rivera, J., Schweizer, D., Schärli, U., Blum, P., Rubach, L., Extracting past atmospheric warming and urban heating effects from borehole temperature profiles. Geothermics 64 (2016), 289–299.
Menberg, K., Bayer, P., Zosseder, K., Rumohr, S., Blum, P., Subsurface urban heat islands in German cities. Sci Total Environ 442 (2013), 123–133.
Zhu, K., Blum, P., Ferguson, G., Balke, K.D., Bayer, P., The geothermal potential of urban heat islands. Environ Res Lett, 5, 2010, 044002.
Banks, D., Gandy, C.J., Younger, P.L., Withers, J., Underwood, C., Anthropogenic thermogeological ‘anomaly’ in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK. Q J Eng GeolHydrogeol 42 (2009), 307–312.
Liebel, H.T., Huber, K., Frengstad, B.S., Ramstad, R.K., Brattli, B., Temperature footprint of a thermal response test can help to reveal thermogeological information. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Bull 451 (2011), 20–31.
Yamano, M., Goto, S., Miyakoshi, A., Hamamoto, H., Lubis, R.F., Monyrath, V., et al. Reconstruction of the thermal environment evolution in urban areas from underground temperature distribution. Sci Total Environ 407 (2009), 3120–3128.
Ferguson, G., Woodbury, A.D., Urban heat island in the subsurface. Geophys Res Lett, 34(23), 2007, L23713.
Rivera, J., Blum, P., Bayer, P., Analytical simulation of groundwater flow and land surface effects on thermal plumes of borehole heat exchangers. Appl Energy 146 (2015), 421–433.
Rivera, J., Blum, P., Bayer, P., Influence of spatially variable ground heat flux on closed-loop geothermal systems: Line source model with nonhomogeneous Cauchy-type top boundary conditions. Appl Energy 180 (2016), 572–858.
Rivera, J., Blum, P., Bayer, P., Increased ground temperatures in urban areas: Estimation of the technical geothermal potential. Renew Energy 103 (2017), 388–400.
Radioti, G., Charlier, R., Nguyen, F., Radu, J.P., Thermal response test in borehole heat exchangers equipped with fiber optics. Proceedings of the international workshop on geomechanics and energy: the ground as energy source and storage, 2013, EAGE, Lausanne (Switzerland), 96–100.
Radioti, G., Delvoie, S., Sartor, K., Nguyen, F., Charlier, R., Fiber-optic temperature profiles analysis for closed-loop geothermal systems: a case study. Proceedings of the second EAGE workshop on geomechanics and energy: the ground as energy source and storage, 2015, EAGE, Celle (Germany).
Radioti, G., Delvoie, S., Charlier, R., Dumont, G., Nguyen, F., Heterogeneous bedrock investigation for a closed-loop geothermal system: a case study. Geothermics 62 (2016), 79–92.
Radioti, G., Delvoie, S., Sartor, K., Nguyen, F., Charlier, R., Fiber-optic temperature measurements in closed-loop geothermal systems: a case study in heterogeneous bedrock. Proceedings of 1st international conference on energy geotechnics ICEGT 2016, Kiel, Germany, 2016.
Gehlin, S., Thermal response test – method, development and evaluation. Doctoral dissertation, 2002, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
Hermans, T., Nguyen, F., Robert, T., Revil, A., Geophysical methods for monitoring temperature changes in shallow low enthalpy geothermal systems. Energies 7 (2014), 5083–5118.
Hausner, M.B., Suarez, F., Glander, K.E., van de Giesen, N., Selker, J.S., Tyler, S.W., Calibrating single-ended fiber-optic Raman spectra distributed temperature sensing data. Sensors 11 (2011), 10859–10879.
Tinti, F., The probabilistic characterization of underground as a tool for the optimization of integrated design of shallow geothermal systems. Doctoral dissertation, 2012, University of Bologna, Italy.
Petitclerc E, Vanbrabant Y. Développement de la plate-forme Géothermique de la Wallonie. Rapport final, DGO4; 2013. Retrieved online: http://energie.wallonie.be/fr/la-geothermie-profonde.html?IDC=6173.
Climate-data.org: climate data for cities worldwide. http://en.climate-data.org/ [last accessed 15-10-2015].
Charlier, R., Radu, J.-P., Collin, F., Numerical modelling of coupled transient phenomena. Revue Française de Génie Civil 5:6 (2001), 719–741.
Collin, F., Li, X.L., Radu, J.-P., Charlier, R., Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in clay barriers. Eng Geol 64 (2002), 179–193.
Sartor, K., Quoilin, S., Dewallef, P., Simulation and optimization of a CHP biomass plant and district heating network. Appl Energy 130 (2014), 474–483.
Smolarczyk U. Geotechnical engineering handbook, vol. 2: procedures. Berlin; 2003.
Nguyen D, Lanini S. Projet solargeotherm: modélisations numeériques de transferts thermiques dans le dispositif souterrain d’échange de chaleur. BRGM/RP-59697-FR; 2012. 91 p., 63 ill, 5 ann., don't ann. 5 sur DVD.
