Doctoral thesis (Dissertations and theses)
Unreinforced clay masonry structures: advanced characterisation of the seismic behaviour including acoustic issues
Mordant, Christophe
2016
 

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Keywords :
unreinforced masonry; seismic behaviour; soundproofing devices
Abstract :
[en] Unreinforced masonry (URM) is traditionally used in North-Western Europe as load- bearing solution for low- to mid-rise buildings. These regions are characterised by a low- to-moderate seismicity. Hence, the earthquake action has to be considered in the structural design. An adequate consideration of the seismic action requires to properly understand how the URM structures behave under this speci c dynamic action and investigations are still needed in that eld. The in uence of openings and walls perpendicular to the seismic action are two main issues. Moreover, the seismic response of these structures is a ected by technical solutions developed to face the demand in terms of building physics performances. Even though, these solutions are not yet integrated in current standards. This thesis aims at improving the understanding of the seismic behaviour of URM struc- tures using a particular type of masonry bonding, for constructional e ciency purposes. Hollow clay blocks are assembled by thin-bed layered glue-mortar joints and a tongue-and- groove system for the head joints. The consequences of speci c details such as an opening, a perpendicular wall or soundproo ng rubber layers are also studied. Four experimental campaigns are presented. Fourteen URM sub-structures including speci c details are tested in static-cyclic and dynamic conditions. Details of the set-up, instrumentation layout and testing procedures are given. Processing of the data is then performed and conclusions are drawn. Regarding the shake table tests, a general rocking be- haviour strongly dependent on the length of the wall and the presence of rubber, is observed. Recommendations for the consideration of soundproo ng devices and for the openings are proposed. The contribution to the strength of perpendicular walls is also highlighted. Based on the dynamic characterisation of the specimens, equivalent mechanical properties are calibrated thanks to the frequency equation, derived from the Timoshenko beam theory. Two sets of boundary conditions are de ned to t the testing con gurations. The relevance of this theory is assessed and the importance of each term of the equation is discussed. In order to extend the results to complete buildings, the tested specimens are modelled in a software implementing an equivalent frame at the macro-scale. A multi-linear material law is calibrated based on a single specimen chosen as reference, in order to reproduce the experimental force-displacement curve. This law is then used for all specimens built in the same masonry type, independently of their geometry. A good approximation is obtained, even if the consideration of perpendicular walls could be improved. The shear capacity of non-rectangular URM walls depends on the compressive length. Its exact expression is thus developed with due consideration of the perpendicular section. Non linearities are observed due to the presence of the perpendicular section and simpli - cations are made for hand calculations. Both the use of the exact and simpli ed expressions in the assessment of the shear resistance provide results similar to the experiments. Finally, the modelling of the rocking motion is investigated. The walls without sound- proo ng devices are modelled following di erent existing models and their predictions are compared with experimental measurements, showing that masonry cannot be assumed as rigid. A main issue is the handling of the transition with impacts. A new model including two rigid blocks and exible and viscous layers is developed to reproduce the rocking behaviour of walls including rubber layers. In presence of rubber, the URM wall can be considered as rigid and model predictions satisfactorily corroborate the experimental measurements.
Disciplines :
Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
Mordant, Christophe ;  Université de Liège > Département ArGEnCo > Analyse sous actions aléatoires en génie civil
Language :
English
Title :
Unreinforced clay masonry structures: advanced characterisation of the seismic behaviour including acoustic issues
Defense date :
12 December 2016
Number of pages :
231
Institution :
ULiège - Université de Liège
Degree :
Doctorat en sciences de l'ingénieur (architecture, génie civil et géologie)
Promotor :
Degée, Hervé ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Département Argenco : Secteur A&U
Denoël, Vincent  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
President :
Courard, Luc  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
Secretary :
Denoël, Vincent  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
Jury member :
Cattari, Serena
Van Der Pluijm, Rob
Vandoren, Bram
Funders :
FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture [BE]
Available on ORBi :
since 15 December 2016

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