Carina OB Stars: X-ray Signatures of Wind Shocks and Magnetic Fields

open clusters and associations: individual: Cl Bochum 10 Cl Bochum 11 Cl Collinder 228 Cl Trumpler 14 Cl Trumpler 15 Cl Trumpler 16; stars: early-type; stars: individual: HD 93250 HD 93129A HD 93403 HD 93205 HD 93343 QZ Car SS73 24 FO 15 Cl Trumpler 16 22 CPD-59 2610 HD 93501; X-rays: stars

Abstract :

[en] The Chandra Carina Complex contains 200 known O- and B-type stars. The Chandra survey detected 68 of the 70 O stars and 61 of 127 known B0-B3 stars. We have assembled a publicly available optical/X-ray database to identify OB stars that depart from the canonical L [SUB]X[/SUB]/L [SUB]bol[/SUB] relation or whose average X-ray temperatures exceed 1 keV. Among the single O stars with high kT we identify two candidate magnetically confined wind shock sources: Tr16-22, O8.5 V, and LS 1865, O8.5 V((f)). The O4 III(fc) star HD 93250 exhibits strong, hard, variable X-rays, suggesting that it may be a massive binary with a period of >30 days. The visual O2 If* binary HD 93129A shows soft 0.6 keV and hard 1.9 keV emission components, suggesting embedded wind shocks close to the O2 If* Aa primary and colliding wind shocks between Aa and Ab. Of the 11 known O-type spectroscopic binaries, the long orbital-period systems HD 93343, HD 93403, and QZ Car have higher shock temperatures than short-period systems such as HD 93205 and FO 15. Although the X-rays from most B stars may be produced in the coronae of unseen, low-mass pre-main-sequence companions, a dozen B stars with high L [SUB]X[/SUB] cannot be explained by a distribution of unseen companions. One of these, SS73 24 in the Treasure Chest cluster, is a new candidate Herbig Be star.

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Gagné, Marc; Department of Geology and Astronomy, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA

Fehon, Garrett; Department of Geology and Astronomy, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA

Savoy, Michael R; Department of Geology and Astronomy, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA

Cohen, David H; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA

Townsley, Leisa K; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

Broos, Patrick S; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

Povich, Matthew S; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA ; NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow.

Corcoran, Michael F; CRESST and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

Walborn, Nolan R; Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

Remage Evans, Nancy; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, MS 4, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

More authors (3 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Carina OB Stars: X-ray Signatures of Wind Shocks and Magnetic Fields

Publication date :

01 May 2011

Journal title :

Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

ISSN :

0067-0049

eISSN :

1538-4365

Publisher :

Univ Chicago Press, Chicago, United States - Illinois

Volume :

194

Pages :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2011ApJS..194....5G

Commentary :

http://de.arxiv.org/abs/1103.1149

Available on ORBi :

since 22 September 2011

Statistics

Number of views

41 (1 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

150 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Albacete-Colombo, J. F., Damiani, F., Micela, G., Sciortino, S., & Harnden, F. R., Jr. 2008, A&A, 490, 1055
Albacete Colombo, J. F., Morrell, N. I., Rauw, G., Corcoran, M. F., Niemela, V. S., & Sana, H. 2002, MNRAS, 336, 1099
Antokhin, I. I., Owocki, S. P., & Brown, J. C. 2004, ApJ, 611, 434
Antokhin, I. I., Rauw, G., Vreux, J.-M., van der Hucht, K. A., & Brown, J. C. 2008, A&A, 477, 593
Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A. J., & Scott, P. 2009, ARA&A, 47, 81
Babel, J. & Montmerle, T. 1997, ApJ, 485, L29
Benaglia, P., Dougherty, S. M., Phillips, C., Koribalski, B., & Tzioumis, T. 2010, RevMexAA Conf. Ser., 38, 41
Benaglia, P., Koribalski, B., & Albacete Colombo, J. F. 2006, PASA, 23, 50
Berghoefer, T. W., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Danner, R., & Cassinelli, J. P. 1997, A&A, 322, 167
Bessell, M. S., Castelli, F., & Plez, B. 1998, A&A, 333, 231
Briggs, K. R. & Pye, J. P. 2003, MNRAS, 345, 714
Broos, P. S., Townsley, L. K., Feigelson, E. D., Getman, K. V., Bauer, F. E., & Garmire, G. P. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1582
Broos, P. S. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 2, (CCCP Catalog Paper)
Caillault, J.-P., Gagné, M., & Stauffer, J. R. 1994, ApJ, 432, 386
Cassinelli, J. P., Ignace, R., Waldron, W. L., Cho, J., Murphy, N. A., & Lazarian, A. 2008, ApJ, 683, 1052
Cassinelli, J. P., Miller, N. A., Waldron, W. L., MacFarlane, J. J., & Cohen, D. H. 2001, ApJ, 554, L55
Castelli, F. & Kurucz, R. L. 2003, IAU Symp. 210, Modelling of Stellar Atmospheres, ed. N. Piskunov, W. W. Weiss, & D. F. Gray (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 20
Castor, J. I., Abbott, D. C., & Klein, R. I. 1975, ApJ, 195, 157
Cohen, D. H., Cassinelli, J. P., & Macfarlane, J. J. 1997, ApJ, 487, 867
Cohen, D. H., de Messières, G. E., MacFarlane, J. J., Miller, N. A., Cassinelli, J. P., Owocki, S. P., & Liedahl, D. A. 2003, ApJ, 586, 495
Cohen, D. H., Leutenegger, M. A., Grizzard, K. T., Reed, C. L., Kramer, R. H., & Owocki, S. P. 2006, MNRAS, 368, 1905
Cohen, D. H., Leutenegger, M. A., Wollman, E. E., Zsargó, J., Hillier, D. J., Townsend, R. H. D., & Owocki, S. P. 2010a, MNRAS, 405, 2391
Cohen, D. H., Wollman, E. E., & Leutenegger, M. A. 2010b, Proc. IAU Symp. 272, Active OB Stars, in press (arXiv:1009.5669)
Corcoran, M. F. et al. 2001, ApJ, 562, 1031
Daniel, K. J., Linsky, J. L., & Gagné, M. 2002, ApJ, 578, 486
Davidson, K. & Ostriker, J. P. 1973, ApJ, 179, 585
De Becker, M. 2007, A&AR, 14, 171
De Becker, M., Rauw, G., Pittard, J. M., Antokhin, I. I., Stevens, I. R., Gosset, E., & Owocki, S. P. 2004, A&A, 416, 221
DeGioia-Eastwood, K., Throop, H., Walker, G., & Cudworth, K. M. 2001, ApJ, 549, 578
de Jager, C. & Nieuwenhuijzen, H. 1987, A&A, 177, 217
Dessart, L. & Owocki, S. P. 2005a, A&A, 437, 657
Dessart, L. & Owocki, S. P. 2005b, A&A, 432, 281
Donati, J.-F., Babel, J., Harries, T. J., Howarth, I. D., Petit, P., & Semel, M. 2002, MNRAS, 333, 55
Donati, J.-F., Howarth, I. D., Bouret, J.-C., Petit, P., Catala, C., & Landstreet, J. 2006a, MNRAS, 365, L6
Donati, J.-F. et al. 2006b, MNRAS, 370, 629
Dougherty, S. M. & Williams, P. M. 2000, MNRAS, 319, 1005
Drake, S. A., Linsky, J. L., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., & Rosso, C. 1994, ApJ, 420, 387
Evans, N. R., Schlegel, E. M., Waldron, W. L., Seward, F. D., Krauss, M. I., Nichols, J., & Wolk, S. J. 2004, ApJ, 612, 1065
Evans, N. R., Seward, F. D., Krauss, M. I., Isobe, T., Nichols, J., Schlegel, E. M., & Wolk, S. J. 2003, ApJ, 589, 509
Evans, N. R. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 13, (CCCP Tr16 B Stars Paper)
Feigelson, E. D., Broos, P., Gaffney, J. A., III, Garmire, G., Hillenbrand, L. A., Pravdo, S. H., Townsley, L., & Tsuboi, Y. 2002, ApJ, 574, 258
Feigelson, E. D. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 9, (CCCP Clustering Paper)
Feldmeier, A., Oskinova, L., & Hamann, W.-R. 2003, A&A, 403, 217
Feldmeier, A., Puls, J., & Pauldrach, A. W. A. 1997, A&A, 322, 878
Forte, J. C. 1976, A&AS, 25, 271
Forte, J. C. & Orsatti, A. M. 1981, AJ, 86, 209
Freyhammer, L., Clausen, J., Arentoft, T., & Sterken, C. 2001, Eta Carinae and Other Mysterious Stars: The Hidden Opportunities of Emission Spectroscopy (ASP conf. Ser. 242), ed. T. R. Gull, S. Johannson, & K. Davidson (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 195
Gagné, M., Caillault, J.-P., & Stauffer, J. R. 1995, ApJ, 450, 217
Gagne, M., Caillault, J.-P., Stauffer, J. R., & Linsky, J. L. 1997, ApJ, 478, L87
Gagné, M., Oksala, M. E., Cohen, D. H., Tonnesen, S. K., ud-Doula, A., Owocki, S. P., Townsend, R. H. D., & MacFarlane, J. J. 2005, ApJ, 628, 986
Gamen, R. et al. 2008, RevMexAA Conf. Ser., 33, 91
Gayley, K. G., Owocki, S. P., & Cranmer, S. R. 1997, ApJ, 475, 786
Getman, K. V., Feigelson, E. D., Grosso, N., McCaughrean, M. J., Micela, G., Broos, P., Garmire, G., & Townsley, L. 2005, ApJS, 160, 353
Gull, T. R. et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 1308
Hamaguchi, K., Terada, H., Bamba, A., & Koyama, K. 2000, ApJ, 532, 1111
Herbst, W. 1976, ApJ, 208, 923
Hillier, D. J. & Lanz, T. 2001, Spectroscopic Challenges of Photoionized Plasmas (ASP Conf. Ser. 247), ed. G. Ferland & D. W. Savin (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 343
Hoffmeister, V. H., Chini, R., Scheyda, C. M., Schulze, D., Watermann, R., Nürnberger, D., & Vogt, N. 2008, ApJ, 686, 310
Ignace, R., Oskinova, L. M., Jardine, M., Cassinelli, J. P., Cohen, D. H., Donati, J.-F., Townsend, R. H. D., & ud-Doula, A. 2010, ApJ, 721, 1412
Kahn, S. M., Leutenegger, M. A., Cottam, J., Rauw, G., Vreux, J.-M., den Boggende, A. J. F., Mewe, R., & Güdel, M. 2001, A&A, 365, L312
Kroupa, P. 2002, Science, 295, 82
Leitherer, C., Chapman, J. M., & Koribalski, B. 1995, ApJ, 450, 289
Lépine, S. & Moffat, A. F. J. 1999, ApJ, 514, 909
Lépine, S. et al. 2000, AJ, 120, 3201
Leutenegger, M. A., Cohen, D. H., Zsargó, J., Martell, E. M., MacArthur, J. P., Owocki, S. P., Gagné, M., & Hillier, D. J. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1767
Levato, H., Malaroda, S., Garcia, B., Morrell, N., & Solivella, G. 1990, ApJS, 72, 323
Lucy, L. B. 1982, ApJ, 255, 286
Lucy, L. B. & White, R. L. 1980, ApJ, 241, 300
Maíz Apellniz, J. et al. 2010, arXiv:1010.5680
Maiz Apellaniz, J. 2007, HST Proposal, 11294
Martins, F. & Plez, B. 2006, A&A, 457, 637
Martins, F., Schaerer, D., & Hillier, D. J. 2005a, A&A, 436, 1049
Martins, F., Schaerer, D., Hillier, D. J., Meynadier, F., Heydari-Malayeri, M., & Walborn, N. R. 2005b, A&A, 441, 735
Massey, P., DeGioia-Eastwood, K., & Waterhouse, E. 2001, AJ, 121, 1050
Massey, P. & Johnson, J. 1993, AJ, 105, 980
Mermilliod, J.-C. 1994, Inf. Cent. Donnees Stellaires, 45, 3
Miroshnichenko, A. S. 2007, ApJ, 667, 497
Moffat, A. F. J. 2008, Clumping in Hot-Star Winds, ed. W.-R. Hamann, A. Feldmeier, & L. M. Oskinova (Potsdam: Univ. Potsdam), 17
Morgan, W. W., Code, A. D., & Whitford, A. E. 1955, ApJS, 2, 41
Morrell, N., Garcia, B., & Levato, H. 1988, PASP, 100, 1431
Morrell, N. I. et al. 2001, MNRAS, 326, 85
Morrison, N. D. & Conti, P. S. 1980, ApJ, 239, 212
Mullan, D. J. & MacDonald, J. 2005, MNRAS, 356, 1139
Mullan, D. J. & Waldron, W. L. 2006, ApJ, 637, 506
Nazé, Y. 2009, A&A, 506, 1055
Nazé, Y., Rauw, G., Pollock, A. M. T., Walborn, N. R., & Howarth, I. D. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 145
Nazé, Y., Ud-Doula, A., Spano, M., Rauw, G., De Becker, M., & Walborn, N. R. 2010, A&A, 520, A59
Nazé, Y. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 7, (CCCP Massive Star L X/L bol Paper)
Nelan, E. P., Walborn, N. R., Wallace, D. J., Moffat, A. F. J., Makidon, R. B., Gies, D. R., & Panagia, N. 2004, AJ, 128, 323
Nelan, E. P., Walborn, N. R., Wallace, D. J., Moffat, A. F. J., Makidon, R. B., Gies, D. R., & Panagia, N. 2010, AJ, 139, 2714
Niemela, V. S., Morrell, N. I., Fernndez Lajs, E., Barb, R., Albacete Colombo, J. F., & Orellana, M. 2006, MNRAS, 367, 1450
Oskinova, L. M., Hamann, W.-R., & Feldmeier, A. 2007, A&A, 476, 1331
Owocki, S. P., Castor, J. I., & Rybicki, G. B. 1988, ApJ, 335, 914
Owocki, S. P. & Cohen, D. H. 1999, ApJ, 520, 833
Pallavicini, R., Golub, L., Rosner, R., Vaiana, G. S., Ayres, T., & Linsky, J. L. 1981, ApJ, 248, 279
Parkin, E. R. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 8, (CCCP QZ Car Paper)
Patience, J., Zavala, R. T., Prato, L., Franz, O., Wasserman, L., Tycner, C., Hutter, D. J., & Hummel, C. A. 2008, ApJ, 674, L97
Petit, V., Massa, D. L., Marcolinot, W. L. F., Wade, G. A., & Ignace, R. 2011, MNRAS, tmp, 196
Pittard, J. M. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 1743
Pollock, A. M. T. 2007, A&A, 463, 1111
Pollock, A. M. T., Corcoran, M. F., Stevens, I. R., & Williams, P. M. 2005, ApJ, 629, 482
Povich, M. S. et al. 2011a, ApJS, 194, 6, (CCCP Massive Star Candidates Paper)
Povich, M. S. et al. 2011b, ApJS, 194, 14, (CCCP IR YSOs Paper)
Puls, J. et al. 1996, A&A, 305, 171
Raassen, A. J. J., van der Hucht, K. A., Miller, N. A., & Cassinelli, J. P. 2008, A&A, 478, 513
Rauw, G., Nazé, Y., Carrier, F., Burki, G., Gosset, E., & Vreux, J.-M. 2001, A&A, 368, 212
Rauw, G., Nazé, Y., Fernndez Lajs, E., Lanotte, A. A., Solivella, G. R., Sana, H., & Gosset, E. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 1582
Rauw, G., Sana, H., Gosset, E., Vreux, J.-M., Jehin, E., & Parmentier, G. 2000, A&A, 360, 1003
Rauw, G., Vreux, J.-M., Stevens, I. R., Gosset, E., Sana, H., Jamar, C., & Mason, K. O. 2002, A&A, 388, 552
Reed, C. 2005, VizieR Online Data Catalog, 5125, 0
Robitaille, T. P., Whitney, B. A., Indebetouw, R., Wood, K., & Denzmore, P. 2006, ApJS, 167, 256
Robitaille, T. P., Whitney, B. A., Indebetouw, R., & Wood, K. 2007, ApJS, 169, 328
Sana, H., Gosset, E., Rauw, G., Sung, H., & Vreux, J.-M. 2006a, A&A, 454, 1047
Sana, H., Rauw, G., Nazé, Y., Gosset, E., & Vreux, J.-M. 2006b, MNRAS, 372, 661
Sanchawala, K., Chen, W.-P., Lee, H.-T., Chu, Y.-H., Nakajima, Y., Tamura, M., Baba, D., & Sato, S. 2007, ApJ, 656, 462
Sanduleak, N. & Stephenson, C. B. 1973, ApJ, 185, 899
Sanz-Forcada, J., Franciosini, E., & Pallavicini, R. 2004, A&A, 421, 715
Schulz, N. S., Testa, P., Huenemoerder, D. P., Ishibashi, K., & Canizares, C. R. 2006, ApJ, 653, 636
Shore, S. N. & Brown, D. N. 1990, ApJ, 365, 665
Skiff, B. A. 2009, VizieR Online Data Catalog, 1, 2023
Skinner, S. L., Güdel, M., Audard, M., & Smith, K. 2004, ApJ, 614, 221
Skinner, S. L., Sokal, K. R., Cohen, D. H., Gagné, M., Owocki, S. P., & Townsend, R. D. 2008, ApJ, 683, 796
Smith, N. 2006a, ApJ, 644, 1151
Smith, N. 2006b, MNRAS, 367, 763
Smith, N., Stassun, K. G., & Bally, J. 2005, AJ, 129, 888
Smith, N. et al. 2010, MNRAS, 406, 952
Sota, A., Maíz Apellniz, J., Walborn, N. R., Alfaro, E. J., Barb, R. H., Morrell, N. I., Gamen, R. C., & Arias, J. I. 2011, ApJS, 193, 24
Spruit, H. C. 2002, A&A, 381, 923
Stelzer, B., Flaccomio, E., Montmerle, T., Micela, G., Sciortino, S., Favata, F., Preibisch, T., & Feigelson, E. D. 2005, ApJS, 160, 557
Stelzer, B., Micela, G., Hamaguchi, K., & Schmitt, J. H. M. M. 2006, A&A, 457, 223
Stevens, I. R., Blondin, J. M., & Pollock, A. M. T. 1992, ApJ, 386, 265
Tapia, M., Roth, M., Vzquez, R. A., & Feinstein, A. 2003, MNRAS, 339, 44
Townsend, R. H. D. 2008, MNRAS, 389, 559
Townsend, R. H. D. & Owocki, S. P. 2005, MNRAS, 357, 251
Townsend, R. H. D., Owocki, S. P., & Ud-Doula, A. 2007, MNRAS, 382, 139
Townsley, L. K. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 1, (CCCP Intro Paper)
Turner, D. G., Grieve, G. R., Herbst, W., & Harris, W. E. 1980, AJ, 85, 1193
Turner, D. G. & Moffat, A. F. J. 1980, MNRAS, 192, 283
ud-Doula, A. & Owocki, S. P. 2002, ApJ, 576, 413
Vazquez, R. A., Baume, G., Feinstein, A., & Pado, P. 1996, RevMexAA Conf. Ser., 4, 131
Vink, J. S., O'Neill, P. M., Els, S. G., & Drew, J. E. 2005, A&A, 438, L21
Vuong, M. H., Montmerle, T., Grosso, N., Feigelson, E. D., Verstraete, L., & Ozawa, H. 2003, A&A, 408, 581
Wade, G. A., Fullerton, A. W., Donati, J.-F., Landstreet, J. D., Petit, P., & Strasser, S. 2006, A&A, 451, 195
Walborn, N. R. 1995, RevMexAA Conf. Ser., 2, 51
Walborn, N. R. & Blades, J. C. 1997, ApJS, 112, 457
Walborn, N. R., Nichols, J. S., & Waldron, W. L. 2009, ApJ, 703, 633
Walborn, N. R., Sota, A., Maíz Apellniz, J., Alfaro, E. J., Morrell, N. I., Barb, R. H., Arias, J. I., & Gamen, R. C. 2010, ApJ, 711, L143
Walborn, N. R. et al. 2002, AJ, 123, 2754
Waldron, W. L. & Cassinelli, J. P. 2009, ApJ, 692, L76
Wegner, W. 1994, MNRAS, 270, 229
Wojdowski, P. S. & Schulz, N. S. 2005, ApJ, 627, 953
Wolk, S. J., Harnden, F. R., Jr., Flaccomio, E., Micela, G., Favata, F., Shang, H., & Feigelson, E. D. 2005, ApJS, 160, 423
Wright, N. J., Drake, J. J., Drew, J. E., & Vink, J. S. 2010, ApJ, 713, 871
Zhekov, S. A. & Palla, F. 2007, MNRAS, 382, 1124
Zinnecker, H. & Preibisch, T. 1994, A&A, 292, 152