An experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of the inlet temperature, equivalence ratio and compression ratio on the HCCI auto-ignition process of Primary Reference Fuels in an engine
Machrafi, Hatim; Cavadias
2008 • In Fuel Processing Technology, 89 (11), p. 1218-1226
[en] In order to understand better the auto-ignition process in an HCCI engine, the influence of some important parameters on the auto-ignition is investigated. The inlet temperature, the equivalence ratio and the compression ratio were varied and their influence on the pressure, the heat release and the ignition delays were measured, The inlet temperature was changed from 25 to 70 degrees C and the equivalence ratio from 0.18 to 0.41, while the compression ratio varied from 6 to 13.5. The fuels that were investigated were PRF40 and n-heptane. These three parameters appeared to decrease the ignition delays, with the inlet temperature having the least influence and the compression ratio the most. A previously experimentally validated reduced surrogate mechanism, for mixtures of n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene, has been used to explain observations of the auto-ignition process. The same kinetic mechanism is used to better understand the underlying chemical and physical phenomena that make the influence of a certain parameter change according to the operating conditions. This can be useful for the control of the auto-ignition process in an HCCI engine. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of the inlet temperature, equivalence ratio and compression ratio on the HCCI auto-ignition process of Primary Reference Fuels in an engine
Soyhan H.S., Mauss F., and Sorusbay C. Chemical kinetic modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines using reduced chemistry. Comb. Sci. Tech. 174 (2002) 73-91
Sjöberg M., and Dec J.E. An investigation into lowest acceptable combustion temperatures for hydrocarbon fuels in HCCI engines. Proc. Comb. Inst. 30 (2005) 2719-2726
Tanaka S., Ayala F., Keck J.C., and Heywood J.B. Two-stage ignition in HCCI combustion and HCCI control by fuels and additives. Comb. Flame 132 (2003) 219-239
Szybist J.P., Boehman A.L., Haworth D.C., and Koga H. Premixed ignition behavior of alternative diesel fuel-relevant compounds in a motored engine experiment. Comb. Flame 149 (2007) 112-128
Faravelli T., Gaffuri P., Ranzi E., and Griffiths J.F. Detailed thermokinetic modelling of alkane autoignition as a tool for the optimization of performance of internal combustion engines. Fuel 77 (1998) 147-155
Sjöberg M., and Dec J.E. Comparing late-cycle autoignition stability for single- and two-stage ignition fuels in HCCI engines. Proc. Comb. Inst. 31 (2007) 2895-2902
Gauthier B.M., Davidson D.F., and Hanson R.K. Shock tube determination of ignition delay times in full-blend and surrogate fuel mixtures. Comb. Flame 139 (2004) 300-311
Roubaud A., Minetti R., and Sochet L.R. Oxidation and combustion of low alkylbenzenes at high pressure: comparative reactivity and auto-ignition. Comb. Flame 121 (2000) 535-541
Szybist J.P., and Bunting B.G. Cetane number and engine speed effects on diesel HCCI performance and emissions. SAE (2005) 2005-01-3723
Maigaard P., Mauss F., and Kraft M. Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine: a simulation study on the effects of inhomogeneities. ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power 125 (2003) 466-471
Kang S.H., Baek S.W., and Choi J.H. Autoignition of sprays in a cylindrical combustor. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 44 (2001) 2413-2422
Chen R., and Milovanovic N. A computational study into effect of exhaust gas recycling on homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in internal combustion engines fuelled with methane. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 41 (2002) 805-813
Curran H.J., Pitz W.J., Westbrook C.K., Gaffuri P., and Leppard W.R. Autoignition chemistry in a motored engine: an experimental and kinetic modeling study. Int. Symp. Combust. 26 (1996) 2669-2677
H. Machrafi, S. Cavadias, An experimental and numerical analysis of the HCCI auto-ignition process of primary reference fuels, toluene reference fuels and diesel fuel in an engine, varying the engine parameters, Fuel Processing Technology (in press), doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.03.007.
H. Machrafi, Development and experimental validation of kinetic schemes for hydrocarbon mixtures for HCCI applications. Investigation of the auto-ignition process and the application to internal combustion engines, PhD thesis, University of Paris 6 (UPMC), Paris, 2006.
Kim S.K., Yu Y., Ahn J., and Kim Y.-M. Numerical investigation of the autoignition of turbulent gaseous jets in a high-pressure environment using the multiple-RIF model. Fuel 83 (2004) 375-386
Djurisic Z.M., Joshi A.V., and Wang H. Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Benzene and Toluene Combustion, Second Joint Meeting of the U.S. Sections of the Combustion Institute, Oakland (2001) 8 pp.
Fieweger K., Blumenthal R., and Adomeit G. Self-ignition of S.I. engine model fuels: a shock tube investigation at high pressure. Comb. Flame 109 (1997) 599-619
Warnatz J. Resolution of gas phase and surface combustion chemistry into elementary reactions. Int. Symp. Combust. 24 (1992) 553-579
Curran H.J., Pitz W.J., Westbrook C.K., Callahan C.V., and Dryer F.L. Oxidation of automotive primary reference fuels at elevated pressures, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, UCRL-JC-133410. Int. Symp. Combust. 27 (1998) 379-387
Ciajolo A., and D'Anna A. Controlling steps in the low-temperature oxidation of n-heptane and iso-octane. Comb. Flame 112 (1998) 617-622
Wang S., Miller D.L., Cernansky N.P., Curran H.J., Pitz W.J., and Westbrook C.K. A flow reactor study of neopentane oxidation at 8 atm: experiments and modeling. Comb. Flame 118 (1999) 415-430
Curran H.J., Gaffuri P., Pitz W.J., and Westbrook C.K. A comprehensive modeling study of n-heptane oxidation. Comb. Flame 114 (1998) 149-177
Minetti R., Carlier M., Ribaucour M., Therssen E., and Sochet L.R. A rapid compression machine investigation of oxidation and auto-ignition of n-heptane: measurements and modeling. Comb. Flame 102 (1995) 298-309
Ranzi E., Faravelli T., Gaffuri P., Sogaro A., D'anna A., and Ciajolo A. A wide-range modeling study of iso-octane oxidation. Comb. Flame 108 (1997) 24-42
Flowers D., Aceves S.M., Marinez-Frias J., Smith J.R., Au M., Girard J., et al. Operation of a four-cylinder 1.9 L propane fueled homogeneous charge compression ignition engine: basic operating characteristics and cylinder-to-cylinder effects. SAE (2001) 2001-01-1895
Lü X., Chen W., and Huang Z. A fundamental study on the control of the HCCI combustion and emissions by fuel design concept combined with controllable EGR. Part 1. The basic characteristics of the HCCI combustion. Fuel 84 (2005) 1074-1083
Flowers D., Aceves S., Smith R., Torres J., Girard J., and Dibble R. HCCI in a CFR engine: experiments and detailed kinetic modeling. SAE World Congress (2000) 2000-01-0328
Flowers D., Aceves S., Westbrook C.K., Smith R., and Dibble R. Detailed chemical kinetic simulation of natural gas HCCI combustion: gas composition effects and investigation of control strategies. J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power 123 (2001) 433
Shiga S., Ozone S., Machacon H.T.C., Karasawa T., Nakamura H., Ueda T., et al. A study of the combustion and emission characteristics of compressed-natural-gas direct-injection stratified combustion using a rapid-compression-machine. Comb. Flame 129 (2002) 1-10
MacNamara J.P., and Simmie J.M. The high temperature oxidation of pyrrole and pyridine; ignition delay times measured behind reflected shock waves. Comb. Flame 133 (2001) 231-239
Lewis B., and Von Elbe G. Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases. 3rd Ed. (1987), Academic Press, New York
Aichlmayr H.T., Kittelson D.B., and Zachariah M.R. Miniature free-piston homogeneous charge compression ignition engine-compressor concept - Part II: modeling HCCI combustion in small scales with detailed homogeneous gas phase chemical kinetics. Chem. Eng. Sci. 57 (2002) 4173-4186
Parlak A., Yasar H., and Sahin B. Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a lower compression ratio LHR Diesel engine. Energy Convers. Manag. 44 (2003) 163-175
Selim M.Y.E., Radwan M.S., and Elfeky S.M.S. Combustion of jojoba methyl ester in an indirect injection diesel engine. Renew. Energy 28 (2003) 1401-1420
Shaver G.M., Gerdes J.C., Roelle M.J., Caton P.A., and Edwards C.F. Dynamic modeling of residual-affected homogeneous charge compression ignition engines with variable valve actuation. J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control 127 (2005) 374-381