[en] This study aimed at determining whether airway responsiveness (AR) tests performed by use of barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) were repeatable in cats and to what extent AR was affected by the nebulization protocol used, the age of the animals, the inflammatory status of the airways and prior bronchodilator treatment. Repeatability of AR was tested on two occasions in 30 healthy cats. The concentration of carbachol inducing a 300% increase of the enhanced pause (Penh) - an estimator of airflow limitation - was calculated (C-Penh300) and did not differ significantly between the two tests (0.035 +/- 0.017% compared to 0.034 +/- 0.016%) and was significantly and positively correlated. The comparison between rapidly and slowly increasing carbachol concentrations was performed in ten healthy cats and showed a significantly lower C-Penh300 (%) when slowly increasing concentrations were used (0.037 +/- 0.013% compared to 0.039 +/- 10.015%, P < 0.05). A significant age-related increase of C-Penh300 was evidenced by performing AR tests in 15 healthy cats at 12, 18, 24 and 30 months (12 months: 0.026 +/- 0.008%, 18 months: 0.031 +/- 0.009%, 24 months: 0.038 +/- 0.01%, 30 months: 0.043 +/- 0.014%, P < 0.05). C-Penh300 significantly decreased in 12 Ascaris suum-sensitised cats after allergen exposure (0.026 +/- 0.016% compared to 0.033 +/- 0.016%, P < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with the granulocyte percentage of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (r = -0.36, P < 0.01). Compared with a placebo inhalation, pretreatment with inhaled salbutamol significantly increased C-Penh300 in four healthy cats (0.093 +/- 0.021% compared to 0.036 +/- 0.004%, P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that AR determination by use of BWBP is promising as non-invasive indicator of lower airway inflammation or for monitoring response to bronchodilator treatment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Kirschvink, N.
Leemans, Jérôme ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Pharmacologie, pharmacothérapie et toxicologie
Delvaux, François
Snaps, Frédéric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Imagerie médicale
Clercx, Cécile ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Pathologie médicale des petits animaux
Gustin, Pascal ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Pharmacologie, pharmacothérapie et toxicologie
Language :
English
Title :
Non-invasive assessment of airway responsiveness in healthy and allergen-sensitised cats by use of barometric whole body plethysmography
Adler A., Cieslewicz G., and Irvin C.G. Unrestrained plethysmography is an unreliable measure of airway responsiveness in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 97 (2004) 286-292
Bates J., Irvin Ch., Brusasco V., Drazen J., Fredberg J., Loring S., Eidelman D., Ludwig M., Macklem P., Martin J., Milic-Emili J., Hantos Z., Hyatt R., Lai-Fook S., Leff A., Solway J., Lutchen K., Suki B., Mitzner W., Pare P., Pride N., and Sly P. Correspondence: The use and misuse of Penh in animal models of lung disease. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 31 (2004) 373
Bay J.D., and Johnson L.R. Feline bronchial disease/asthma. In: King L.G. (Ed). Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats (2004), Saunders, St. Louis, Missouri, USA 338-396
Blaber L.C., and Fryer A.D. The response of cat airways to histamine in vivo and in vitro. British Journal of Pharmacology 84 (1985) 309-316
Bousquet J., Jeffery P.K., Busse W.W., Johnson M., and Vignola A.M. Asthma : from bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodelling. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 161 (2000) 1720-1745
Burney P.G., Britton J.R., Chinn S., Tattersfield A.E., Papacosta A.O., Kelson M.C., Anderson F., and Corfield D.R. Descriptive epidemiology of bronchial reactivity in an adult population: results from a community study. Thorax 42 (1987) 38-44
Davis P.B., and Byard P.J. Relationships among airway reactivity, papillary alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic responsiveness, and age. Journal of Applied Physiology 65 (1988) 200-204
Davis M., Williamson K., Mckenzie E., Royer C., Payton M., and Nelson S. Effect of training and rest on respiratory mechanical properties in racing sled dogs. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 37 (2005) 337-341
Drorbaugh J.E., and Fenn W.O. A barometric method for measuring ventilation in newborn infants. Pediatrics 16 (1955) 81-87
Dye J.A., McKiernan B.C., Rozanski E.A., Hoffman W.E., Losonsky J.M., Homco L.D., Weisiger R.M., and Kakoma I. Bronchopulmonary disease in the cat: historical, physical, radiographic, clinicopathologic, and pulmonary functional evaluation of 24 affected and 15 healthy cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 10 (1996) 385-400
Foster S.F., Allan G.S., Martin P., Robertson I.D., and Malik R. Twenty-five cases of feline bronchial disease (1995-2000). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 6 (2004) 181-188
Gray P.G., Derksen F.J., Robinson N.E., Carpetner-Deyo L.J., Johnson H.G., and Roth R.A. The role of cyclooxygenase products in the acute airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity of ponies with heaves. American Revue of Respiratory Disease 140 (1989) 154-160
Halloy D., Kirschvink N., Vincke G., Hamoir J.N., Delvaux F., and Gustin P. Whole body barometric plethysmography: a screening method to investigate airway reactivity and acute lung injuries in freely moving pigs. The Veterinary Journal 168 (2004) 276-284
Hamelmann E., Schwarze J., Takeda A., Oshiba G., Larsen G.L., Irvin G., and Gelfand E.W. Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 156 (1997) 766-775
Hawkins E.C. Bronchoalveolar lavage. In: King L.G. (Ed). Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats (2004), Saunders, St. Louis, Missouri, USA 118-128
Hirt R.A., Dederichs D., Boehler A., and Hoffman A.M. Relationship of age, sex, body weight, and hematologic and respiratory variables with airway reactivity in adult cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 64 (2003) 26-31
Hirt, R.A., Vondrakova, K., 2005. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate aerosol challenge does not provoke airflow limitation in healthy cats. In Proceedings of the ECVIM-CA, Glasgow. September 1-3 2005.
Hoffman A.M., Dhupa N., and Cimetti L. Airway reactivity measured by barometric whole-body plethysmography in healthy cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60 (1999) 1487-1492
Hoffman A., Kuehn H., Riedelberger K., Kupcinskas R., and Miskovic M.B. Flowmetric comparison of respiratory inductance plethysmography and pneumotachography in horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 91 (2001) 2767-2775
Kirschvink N., Leemans J., Delvaux F., Snaps F., Clercx C., and Gustin P. Inhaled bronchodilators in bronchoscopy-induced airflow limitation in allergen-sensitized cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 19 (2005) 161-167
Kirschvink N., Leemans J., Delvaux F., Snaps F., Clercx C., and Gustin P. Non-invasive assessment of growth, gender and time of day related changes of respiratory pattern in healthy cats by use of barometric whole body plethysmography. The Veterinary Journal (2005) 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.05.010
Kirschvink N., Vincke G., Onclinx C., Peck M., and Gustin P. Comparison between pulmonary resistance and Penh in anaesthetised rats with tracheal diameter reduction and after carbachol inhalation. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 51 (2005) 123-128
Kirschvink N., Delvaux F., Leemans J., Snaps F., Evrard B., Delattre L., Jaspart S., Cambier C., Clercx C., and Gustin P. Effect of inhaled fluticasone on bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation in cats with mild bronchial inflammation. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2005) 10.1016/j.jfms.2005.07.001
Kumar R.K., Herbert C., Thomas P.S., Wollin L., Beume R., Yang M., Webb D.C., and Foster P.S. Inhibition of inflammation and remodelling by roflumilast and dexamethsone in murine chronic asthma. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 307 (2003) 349-355
Norris C.R., Decile K.C., Berghaus L.J., Berghaus R.D., Walby W.F., Schelegle E.S., Hyde D.M., and Gershwin L.J. Concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes in urine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of cats with experimentally induced asthma. American Journal of Veterinary Research 64 (2003) 1449-1453
O'Byrne P.M. Mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness. In: Holgate S.T., and Busse W.W. (Eds). Lung Biology in Health and Disease: Inflammatory Mechanisms in Asthma vol. 117 (1998), Marcel Dekker, New York 891-906
Padrid P.A., Snook S., Finucane T., Shiue P., Cozzi P., Solway J., and Leff A.R. Persistent airway hyperresponsiveness and histologic alterations after chronic antigen challenge in cats. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151 (1995) 184-193
Peeters D.E., McKiernan B.C., Weisiger R.M., Schaeffer D.J., and Clercx C. Quantitative bacterial cultures and cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 14 (2000) 534-541
Pennock B.E., Cox C.P., Rogers R.M., Cain W.A., and Wells J.H. A noninvasive technique for measurement of changes in specific airway resistance. Journal of Applied Physiology 46 (1979) 399-406
Rozanski E.A., and Hoffman A.M. Lung mechanics using plethysmography and spirometry. In: King L.G. (Ed). Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats (2004), Saunders, St. Louis, Missouri, USA 175-193
Scarlett J.M., Donoghue S., Saidla J., and Wills J. Overweight cats: prevalence and risk factors. International Journal of Obesity 18 (1994) 22-28
Talavera J., Kirschvink N., Gustin P., and Clercx C. Evaluation of respiratory function by barometric whole body plethysmography in healthy dogs. The Veterinary Journal (2005) 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.04.013
Talavera, J., Bernaerts, F., Kirschvink, N., Gustin, P., Clercx C., 2005b. Impact of nebulizer on airway reactivity measurements in healthy dogs. In: Proceedings of the Annual Forum of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, abstract #180.
Toward T.J., Johnson F.J., Boult J.E., and Maillard J.Y. Airway function and reactivity, leukocyte influx and nitric oxide after inoculation with parainfluenza-3 virus: effects of dexamethasone or rolipram. International Immunopharmacology 5 (2005) 771-782
Van Erck E., Votion D.M., Kirschvink N., Art T., and Lekeux P. Use of impulse oscillometry system for testing pulmonary function during methacholine bronchoprovocation in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 64 (2003) 1414-1420
