Ali J, Shelton J 2007 Development of vitrification solutions. In: Tucker M, Liebermann J, editors Vitrification in Assisted Reproduction: A User's Manual and Trouble-shooting Guide. London: Informa Healthcare; 2007. p. 3-44.
Balaban B, Urman B, Ata B et al. 2008 A randomized controlled study of human day 3 embryo cryopreservation by slow freezing or vitrification: vitrification is associated with higher survival, metabolism and blastocyst formation. Human Reproduction 23, 1976-1982.
Bielanski A 2005 Non-transmission of bacterial and viral microbes to embryos and semen stored in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen in dry shippers. Cryobiology 50, 206-210.
European Union 2006 Directive 2006/17/CE de la Commission du 8 février 2006. Journal officiel de l'Union européenne 38, 51. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do? uri=OJ:L:2006:038:0040:0052:EN:PDF [accessed 9 September 2009].
European Union 2004 Directive 2004/23/CE du Parlement Européen et du Conseil. Journal officiel de l'Union européenne 102, 48. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004: 102:0048:0058:EN:PDF [accessed 9 September 2009].
Fahy G 1987 Biological effects of vitrification and devitrification. In: Pegg DE, Karow Jr AM, editors The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation. New York: Plenum Press; 1987. p. 65-293.
Fahy G, Rall W 2007 Vitrification: an overview. In: Tucker M, Liebermann J, editors Vitrification in Assisted Reproduction: A User's Manual and Trouble-shooting Guide. London: Informa Healthcare; 2007.
Gardner D, Lane M, Stevens J et al. 2000 Blastocyst score affects implantation and pregnancy outcome: towards a single blastocyst transfer. Fertility and Sterility 73, 1155-1158.
Hiraoka K, Kinutani M, Kinutani K 2004 Blastocoele collapse by micropipetting prior to vitrification gives excellent survival and pregnancy outcomes for human day 5 and 6 expanded blastocysts. Human Reproduction 19, 2884-2888.
Huang CC, Lee TH, Chen SU et al. 2005 Successful pregnancy following blastocyst cryopreservation using super-cooling ultrarapid vitrification. Human Reproduction 20, 122-128.
Isachenko V, Katkov I, Yakovenko S et al. 2007 Vitrification of human laser treated blastocysts within cut standard straws (CSS): novel aseptic packaging and reduced concentrations of cryoprotectants. Cryobiology 54, 305-309.
Isachenko V, Montag M, Isachenko E et al. 2005 Vitrification of mouse pronuclear embryos after polar body biopsy without direct contact with liquid nitrogen. Fertility and Sterility 84, 1011-1016.
Kuleshova L, Shaw J 2000 A strategy for rapid cooling of mouse embryos within a double straw to eliminate the risk of contamination during storage in liquid nitrogen. Human Reproduction 15, 2604-2609.
Kuwayama M 2007 Highly efficient vitrification for cryopreservation of human oocytes and embryos: the cryotop method. Theriogenology 67, 73-80.
Kuwayama M, Vajta G, Leda S et al. 2005 Comparison of open and closed methods for vitrification of human embryos and the elimination of potential contamination. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 11, 608-614.
Kyuwa S, Nishikawa T, Kaneko T et al. 2003 Experimental evaluation of cross-contamination between cryotubes containing mouse 2-cell embryos and murine pathogens in liquid nitrogen tanks. Experimental Animal 52, 67-70.
Lane M, Schoolcraft WB, Gardner DK 1999 Vitrification of mouse and human blastocysts using a novel cryoloop container-less technique. Fertility and Sterility 72, 1073-1078.
Larman M, Sheehan C, Gardner D 2006 Vitrification of mouse pronuclear oocytes with no direct liquid nitrogen contact. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 12, 66-69.
Liebermann J, Tucker M 2006 Comparison of vitrification and conventional cryopreservation of day 5 and day 6 blastocysts during clinical application. Fertility and Sterility 86, 20-26.
Morris G 2005 The origin, ultrastructure, and microbiology of the sediment accumulating in liquid nitrogen storage vessels. Cryobiology 50, 231-238.
Mukaida T, Takahashi K, Kasai M 2003 Blastocyst cryopreservation: ultrarapid vitrification using cryoloop technique. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 6, 221-225.
Mukaida T, Wada S, Takahashi K et al. 1998 Vitrification of human embryos based on the assessment of suitable conditions for 8-cell mouse embryos. Human Reproduction 13, 2874-2879.
Paynter S 2005 A rational approach to oocyte cryopreservation. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 5, 578-586.
Prapas N, Prapas Y, Panagiotidis Y et al. 2005 GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in oocyte donation cycles: a prospective randomized study. Human Reproduction 6, 1516-1520.
Scheffen B, Vanderzwalmen P, Massip A 1986 A simple and efficient procedure for preservation of mouse embryos by vitrification. Cryo Letters 7, 260-269.
Son WY, Yoon SH, Park SJ et al. 2002 Ongoing twin pregnancy after vitrification of blastocysts produced by in-vitro matured oocytes retrieved from a woman with polycystic ovary syndrome: case report. Human Reproduction 17, 2963-2966.
Stachecki J, Garrisi J, Sabino S et al. 2008 A new safe, simple and successful vitrification method for bovine and human blastocysts. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 17, 360-367.
Stehlik E, Stehlik J, Katayama KP et al. 2005 Vitrification demonstrates significant improvement versus slow freezing of human blastocysts. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 11, 53-57.
Takahashi K, Mukaida T, Goto T et al. 2005 Perinatal outcome of blastocyst transfer with vitrification using cryoloop: a 4-year follow-up study. Fertility and Sterility 84, 88-92.
Vanderzwalmen P, Ebner T, Zech N 2007 One decade of experience with vitrification of human embryos in straws, hemi-straws and high security vitrification straws. In: Tucker M, Liebermann J, editors Vitrification in Assisted Reproduction: A User's Manual and Trouble-shooting Guide. London: Informa Healthcare; 2007. p. 195-217.
Vanderzwalmen P, Berlin G, Debauche CH et al. 2003 Vitrification of human blastocysts with the hemi-straw carrier application of assisted hatching after thawing. Human Reproduction 18, 1504-1511.
Vanderzwalmen P, Bertin G, Debauche CH et al. 2002 Births after vitrification at morula and blastocyst stages: effect of artificial reduction of the blastocoelic cavity before vitrification. Human Reproduction 17, 744-751.
Vajta G, Nagy Z 2006 Are programmable freezers still needed in the embryo laboratory? Review on vitrification. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 12, 779-796.
Walker D, Tummon IS, Hammitt DG et al. 2004 Vitrification versus programmable rate freezing of late stage murine embryos: a randomized comparison prior to application in clinical IVF. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 8, 558-568.
Yavin S, Arav A 2007 Measurement of essential physical properties of vitrification solutions. Theriogenology 67, 81-89.
Yokota Y, Sato S, Yokota M et al. 2001 Birth of a healthy baby following vitrification of human blastocysts. Fertility and Sterility 75, 1027-1029.
Zech N, Lejeune B, Puissant F et al. 2007 Prospective evaluation of the optimal time for selecting a single embryo for transfer: day 3 versus day 5. Fertility and Sterility 88, 244-246.