Liver lipid metabolism.

Animals; Fatty Acid Transport Proteins/metabolism; Fatty Acids/metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism; Fatty Liver/metabolism/veterinary; Lipid Metabolism/physiology; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver/metabolism; Triglycerides/metabolism

Abstract :

[en] The liver plays a key role in lipid metabolism. Depending on species it is, more or less, the hub of fatty acid synthesis and lipid circulation through lipoprotein synthesis. Eventually the accumulation of lipid droplets into the hepatocytes results in hepatic steatosis, which may develop as a consequence of multiple dysfunctions such as alterations in beta-oxidation, very low density lipoprotein secretion, and pathways involved in the synthesis of fatty acids. In addition an increased circulating pool of non-esterified fatty acid may also to be a major determinant in the pathogenesis fatty liver disease. This review also focuses on transcription factors such as sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which promote either hepatic fatty acid synthesis or oxidation.

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health

Author, co-author :

Nguyen, Patrick

Leray, Véronique

Diez, Marianne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Nutrition des animaux domestiques

Serisier, Samuel

Le Bloc'h, J.

Siliart, Brigitte

Dumon, Henri

Language :

English

Title :

Liver lipid metabolism.

Publication date :

2008

Journal title :

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

ISSN :

0931-2439

eISSN :

1439-0396

Publisher :

Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

272-83

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 12 March 2009

Statistics

Number of views

180 (7 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

3 (1 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

708

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

708

OpenCitations

521

OpenAlex citations

838

Bibliography

Abo‐Hashema, K. A. ; Cake, M. H. ; Power, G. W. ; Clarke, D., 1999: Evidence for triacylglycerol synthesis in the lumen of microsomes via a lipolysis‐esterification pathway involving carnitine acyltransferases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 35577–35582.
Adeli, K. ; Taghibiglou, C. ; Van Iderstine, S. C. ; Lewis, G. F., 2001: Mechanisms of hepatic very low‐density lipoprotein overproduction in insulin resistance. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 11, 170–176.
Ahuja, H. S. ; Szanto, A. ; Nagy, L. ; Davies, P. J., 2003: The retinoid X receptor and its ligands: versatile regulators of metabolic function, cell differentiation and cell death. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 17, 29–45.
Anderson, S. P. ; Dunn, C. ; Laughter, A. ; Yoon, L. ; Swanson, C. ; Stulnig, T. M. ; Steffensen, K. R. ; Chandraratna, R. A. ; Gustafsson, J. A. ; Corton, J. C., 2004: Overlapping transcriptional programs regulated by the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha, retinoid X receptor, and liver X receptor in mouse liver. Molecular Pharmacology 66, 1440–1452.
Bandsma, R. H. ; Wiegman, C. H. ; Herling, A. W. ; Burger, H. J. ; Ter, H. A. ; Meijer, A. J. ; Romijn, J. A. ; Reijngoud, D. J. ; Kuipers, F., 2001: Acute inhibition of glucose‐6‐phosphate translocator activity leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and development of hepatic steatosis without affecting VLDL production in rats. Diabetes 50, 2591–2597.
Barish, G. D., 2006: Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors and liver X receptors in atherosclerosis and immunity. Journal of Nutrition 136, 690–694.
Bergen, W. G. ; Mersmann, H. J., 2005: Comparative aspects of lipid metabolism: impact on contemporary research and use of animal models. Journal of Nutrition 135, 2499–2502.
Brindle, N. P. ; Zammit, V. A. ; Pogson, C. I., 1985: Regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity by malonyl‐CoA in mitochondria from sheep liver, a tissue with a low capacity for fatty acid synthesis. Biochemical Journal 232, 177–182.
Clarke, S. D. ; Jump, D. B., 1996: Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription. Lipids 31 (Suppl.), S7–11.
Coleman, R. A. ; Lee, D. P., 2004: Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation. Progress in Lipid Research 43, 134–176.
Coleman, R. A. ; Lewin, T. M. ; Van Horn, C. G. ; Gonzalez‐Baro, M. R. ;, 2002: Do long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetases regulate fatty acid entry into synthetic versus degradative pathways? Journal of Nutrition 132, 2123–2126.
Dentin, R. ; Denechaud, P. D. ; Benhamed, F. ; Girard, J. ; Postic, C., 2006: Hepatic gene regulation by glucose and polyunsaturated fatty acids: a role for ChREBP. Journal of Nutrition 136, 1145–1149.
Dubuquoy, L. ; Dharancy, S. ; Nutten, S. ; Pettersson, S. ; Auwerx, J. ; Desreumaux, P., 2002: Role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma and retinoid X receptor heterodimer in hepatogastroenterological diseases. Lancet 360, 1410–1418.
Duplus, E. ; Forest, C., 2002: Is there a single mechanism for fatty acid regulation of gene transcription? Biochemical Pharmacology 64, 893–901.
Eberle, D. ; Hegarty, B. ; Bossard, P. ; Ferre, P. ; Foufelle, F., 2004: SREBP transcription factors: master regulators of lipid homeostasis. Biochimie 86, 839–848.
Everett, L. ; Galli, A. ; Crabb, D., 2000: The role of hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) in health and disease. Liver 20, 191–199.
Gibbons, G. F. ; Islam, K. ; Pease, R. J., 2000: Mobilisation of triacylglycerol stores. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1483, 37–57.
Gondret, F. ; Ferre, P. ; Dugail, I., 2001: ADD‐1/SREBP‐1 is a major determinant of tissue differential lipogenic capacity in mammalian and avian species. Journal of Lipid Research 42, 106–113.
Grum, D. E. ; Hansen, L. R. ; Drackley, J. K., 1994: Peroxisomal beta‐oxidation of fatty acids in bovine and rat liver. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. part B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 109, 281–292.
Grummer, R. R., 1993: Etiology of lipid‐related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3882–3896.
Hegardt, F. G. 1999: Mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase: a control enzyme in ketogenesis. Biochemical Journal 338 (Pt 3), 569–582.
Hillgartner, F. B. ; Salati, L. M. ; Goodridge, A. G., 1995: Physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in nutritional regulation of fatty acid synthesis. Physiological Reviews 75, 47–76.
Hu, T. ; Foxworthy, P. ; Siesky, A. ; Ficorilli, J. V. ; Gao, H. ; Li, S. ; Christe, M. ; Ryan, T. ; Cao, G. ; Eacho, P. ; Michael, M. D. ; Michael, L. F., 2005: Hepatic peroxisomal fatty acid beta‐oxidation is regulated by liver X receptor alpha. Endocrinology 146, 5380–5387.
Ide, T. ; Shimano, H. ; Yoshikawa, T. ; Yahagi, N. ; Memiya‐Kudo, M. ; Matsuzaka, T. ; Nakakuki, M. ; Yatoh, S. ; Iizuka, Y. ; Tomita, S. ; Ohashi, K. ; Takahashi, A. ; Sone, H. ; Gotoda, T. ; Osuga, J. ; Ishibashi, S. ; Yamada, N., 2003: Cross‐talk between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and liver X receptor (LXR) in nutritional regulation of fatty acid metabolism. II. LXRs suppress lipid degradation gene promoters through inhibition of PPAR signaling.. Molecular Endocrinology 17, 1255–1267.
Julius, U., 2003: Influence of plasma free fatty acids on lipoprotein synthesis and diabetic dyslipidemia. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes 111, 246–250.
Jump, D. B. ; Botolin, D. ; Wang, Y. ; Xu, J. ; Christian, B. ; Demeure, O., 2005: Fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription. Journal of Nutrition 135, 2503–2506.
Kendrick, J. S. ; Wilkinson, J. ; Cartwright, I. J. ; Lawrence, S. ; Higgins, J. A., 1998: Regulation of the assembly and secretion of very low density lipoproteins by the liver. Biological Chem 379, 1033–1040.
Kerner, J. ; Hoppel, C., 2000: Fatty acid import into mitochondria. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1486, 1–17.
Kim, K. H., 1997: Regulation of mammalian acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase. Annual Review of Nutrition 17, 77–99.
Kim, H. J. ; Miyazaki, M. ; Man, W. C. ; Ntambi, J. M., 2002: Sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBPs) as regulators of lipid metabolism: polyunsaturated fatty acids oppose cholesterol‐mediated induction of SREBP‐1 maturation. Annals of NewYork Academy of Sciences 967, 34–42.
Kleppe, B. B. ; Aiello, R. J. ; Grummer, R. R. ; Armentano, L. E. ;, 1988: Triglyceride accumulation and very low density lipoprotein secretion by rat and goat hepatocytes in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 1813–1822.
Latruffe, N. ; Cherkaoui, M. M. ; Nicolas‐Frances, V. ; Jannin, B. ; Clemencet, M. C. ; Hansmannel, F. ; Passilly‐Degrace, P. ; Berlot, J. P., 2001: Peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptors as physiological sensors of fatty acid metabolism: molecular regulation in peroxisomes. Biochemical Society Transactions 29, 305–309.
Leveille, G. A. ; Romsos, D. R. ; Yeh, Y. ; O’Hea, E. K., 1975: Lipid biosynthesis in the chick. A consideration of site of synthesis, influence of diet and possible regulatory mechanisms. Poultry Science 54, 1075–1093.
Liao, W. ; Hui, T. Y. ; Young, S. G. ; Davis, R. A., 2003: Blocking microsomal triglyceride transfer protein interferes with apoB secretion without causing retention or stress in the ER. Journal of Lipid Research 44, 978–985.
Mason, T. M., 1998: The role of factors that regulate the synthesis and secretion of very‐low‐density lipoprotein by hepatocytes. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 35, 461–487.
McGarry, J. D. ; Woeltje, K. F. ; Kuwajima, M. ; Foster, D. W., 1989: Regulation of ketogenesis and the renaissance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews 5, 271–284.
O’Hea, E. K. ; Leveille, G. A., 1969: Significance of adipose tissue and liver as sites of fatty acid synthesis in the pig and the efficiency of utilization of various substrates for lipogenesis. Journal of Nutrition 99, 338–344.
Patel, M. S. ; Owen, O. E. ; Goldman, L. I. ; Hanson, R. W., 1975: Fatty acid synthesis by human adipose tissue. Metabolism 24, 161–173.
Pegorier, J. P. ; Le, M. C. ; Girard, J., 2004: Control of gene expression by fatty acids. Journal of Nutrition 134, 2444S–2449S.
Pullen, D. L. ; Liesman, J. S. ; Emery, R. S., 1990: A species comparison of liver slice synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol from nonesterified fatty acids in media. Journal of Animal Science 68, 1395–1399.
Reshef, L. ; Olswang, Y. ; Cassuto, H. ; Blum, B. ; Croniger, C. M. ; Kalhan, S. C. ; Tilghman, S. M. ; Hanson, R. W., 2003: Glyceroneogenesis and the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, 30413–30416.
Richard, M. J. ; Holck, J. T. ; Beitz, D. C., 1989: Lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissue of the domestic cat (Felis domestica). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 93, 561–564.
Schonfeld, G. ; Pfleger, B., 1971: Utilization of exogenous free fatty acids for the production of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride by livers of carbohydrate‐fed rats. Journal of Lipid Research 12, 614–621.
Schoonjans, K. ; Staels, B. ; Auwerx, J., 1996: The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARS) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1302, 93–109.
Simpson, A. E., 1997: The cytochrome P450 4 (CYP4) family. General Pharmacology 28, 351–359.
Smith, S. ; Witkowski, A. ; Joshi, A. K., 2003: Structural and functional organization of the animal fatty acid synthase. Progress in Lipid Research 42, 289–317.
Stangassinger, M. ; Kaspar, W. ; Giesecke, D., 1986: The role of adipose and hepatic tissues in the lipogenesis of the dog. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 85, 67–69.
Sul, H. S. ; Latasa, M. J. ; Moon, Y. ; Kim, K. H., 2000: Regulation of the fatty acid synthase promoter by insulin. Journal of Nutrition 130, 315S–320S.
Taghibiglou, C. ; Carpentier, A. ; Van Iderstine, S. C. ; Chen, B. ; Rudy, D. ; Aiton, A. ; Lewis, G. F. ; Adeli, K., 2000: Mechanisms of hepatic very low density lipoprotein overproduction in insulin resistance. Evidence for enhanced lipoprotein assembly, reduced intracellular ApoB degradation, and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in a fructose‐fed hamster model. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 8416–8425.
Travers, M. T. ; Vernon, R. G. ; Barber, M. C., 1997: Repression of the acetyl‐CoA carboxylase gene in ovine adipose tissue during lactation: the role of insulin responsiveness. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 19, 99–107.
Tsukamoto, H., 2005: Fat paradox in liver disease. Keio Journal of Medicine 54, 190–192.
Volpe, J. J. ; Vagelos, P. R., 1974: Regulation of mammalian fatty‐acid synthetase. The roles of carbohydrate and insulin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 71, 889–893.
White, D. A. ; Bennett, A. J. ; Billett, M. A. ; Salter, A. M., 1998: The assembly of triacylglycerol‐rich lipoproteins: an essential role for the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein. British Journal of Nutrition 80, 219–229.
Wiegman, C. H. ; Bandsma, R. H. ; Ouwens, M. ; Van Der Sluijs, F. H. ; Havinga, R. ; Boer, T., Reijngoud, D. J. ; Romijn, J. A. ; Kuipers, F., 2003: Hepatic VLDL production in ob/ob mice is not stimulated by massive de novo lipogenesis but is less sensitive to the suppressive effects of insulin. Diabetes 52, 1081–1089.
Willy, P. J. ; Mangelsdorf, D. J., 1997: Unique requirements for retinoid‐dependent transcriptional activation by the orphan receptor LXR. Genes and Development 11, 289–298.
Xu, J. ; Nakamura, M. T. ; Cho, H. P. ; Clarke, S. D., 1999: Sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1 expression is suppressed by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. A mechanism for the coordinate suppression of lipogenic genes by polyunsaturated fats. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 23577–23583.
Yamamoto, T. ; Shimano, H. ; Inoue, N. ; Nakagawa, Y. ; Matsuzaka, T. ; Takahashi, A. ; Yahagi, N. ; Sone, H. ; Suzuki, H. ; Toyoshima, H. ; Yamada, N., 2007: Protein Kinase A suppresses SREBP‐1c expression via phosphorylation of LXR in the liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, 11687–11695.
Yokoyama, S., 2006: Assembly of high‐density lipoprotein. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 26, 20–27.
Yoshikawa, T. ; Ide, T. ; Shimano, H. ; Yahagi, N. ; Memiya‐Kudo, M. ; Matsuzaka, T. ; Yatoh, S. ; Kitamine, T. ; Okazaki, H. ; Tamura, Y. ; Sekiya, M. ; Takahashi, A. ; Hasty, A. H. ; Sato, R. ; Sone, H. ; Osuga, J. ; Ishibashi, S. ; Yamada, N., 2003: Cross‐talk between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and liver X receptor (LXR) in nutritional regulation of fatty acid metabolism. I. PPARs suppress sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c promoter through inhibition of LXR signaling.. Molecular Endocrinology 17, 1240–1254.
Zelcer, N. ; Tontonoz, P., 2006: Liver X receptors as integrators of metabolic and inflammatory signaling. Journal of Clinical Investigation 116, 607–614.