Emergence from Target-Controlled Anesthesia with Propofol and Sufentanil in Patients Undergoing Intracranial Surgery

The study was designed to characterise the emergence from target-controlled anesthesia assessed by the recovery of spontaneous breathing, eye opening to command, and extubation in 18 adult patients undergoing intracranial surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and sufentanil. Target plasma concentration of propofol ranged between 3.0 and 5.5 micrograms.ml-1 and infusion was stopped after head dressing. The initial target plasma sufentanil concentration of 0.50 ng.ml-1 was decreased to 0.15 ng.ml-1 after craniotomy; sufentanil infusion was discontinued at the dura closure. The time from the end of surgery (head dressing) to recovery of spontaneous breathing was 8.3 +/- 6.5 min, and the time to eye opening and extubation was 14.7 +/- 10.0 min. At the end of surgery, the calculated plasma propofol concentration was 3.42 +/- 0.26 micrograms.ml-1. It significantly decreased to 2.11 +/- 0.51 micrograms.ml-1 at recovery of spontaneous breathing and to 1.81 +/- 0.41 micrograms.ml-1 at eye opening and extubation. The calculated plasma sufentanil concentration was 0.108 +/- 0.019 ng.ml-1 at the end of surgery but did not change significantly between recovery of spontaneous breathing (0.089 +/- 0.013 ng.ml-1), eye opening and extubation (0.087 +/- 0.013 ng.ml-1). The calculated plasma propofol concentrations recorded at emergence were not correlated with patient age, total dose of propofol, and duration of infusion; corresponding calculated sufentanil concentrations were not correlated with age and total dose of sufentanil. An inverse relationship (p < 0.05) was found between the duration of sufentanil infusion and the calculated sufentanil concentrations at emergence. No correlation was observed between calculated concentrations of propofol and sufentanil at emergence.