Les Escherichia coli producteurs de shigatoxines dans les toxi-infections d'origine alimentaire.

Chahed, A.; China, B.; Daube, Georges

Download

Article (Scientific journals)

Les Escherichia coli producteurs de shigatoxines dans les toxi-infections d'origine alimentaire.

Chahed, A.; China, B.; Daube, Georges

2007 • In Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire, 151, p. 215-246

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/6870

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

2007_151_4_02_STEC_DAOA.pdf

Publisher postprint (1.39 MB)

Download

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Keywords :

STEC; Food; Survey

Abstract :

[fr] Certains Escherichia coli producteurs de Shigatoxines (STEC) sont responsables de toxi-infections d’origine alimentaire qui se traduisent par des diarrhées mais aussi par des syndromes plus graves pour l’homme comme le syndrome hémolytique urémique pouvant provoquer la mort. Il s’agit d’agents zoonotiques dont le réservoir principal est le bovin et les autres ruminants. Les principaux modes de transmission des infections à STEC à l’homme sont la consommation d’aliments contaminés (viande de boeuf peu cuite, produits laitiers non pasteurisés), la transmission de personne à personne, l’ingestion d’eau contaminée et le contact avec des animaux (notamment les bovins) et leur environnement. Les facteurs de virulence des Escherichia coli producteurs de Shigatoxines sont principalement les protéines codées par un îlot de pathogénicité, « Locus of Enterocyte Effacement », impliquées dans la formation de la lésion d’attachement et d’effacement et de la diarrhée et les toxines de Shiga codées par des bactériophages et impliquées dans les syndromes extraintestinaux. La souche de STEC du sérotype O157:H7 est responsable d’épidémies dans le monde causant des milliers de malades et des dizaines de morts. De nombreuses méthodes de diagnostic ont été développées pour identifier ce pathogène à partir des aliments. Elles regroupent des méthodes de bactériologie classique, des méthodes immunologiques et des méthodes moléculaires. Des mesures d’hygiène sont particulièrement importantes pour éviter la contamination des animaux à la ferme et celle de la viande à l’abattoir. Enfin, des modèles d’évaluation du risque ont été développés notamment afin de modéliser le comportement des STEC dans l’aliment.

Disciplines :

Food science

Author, co-author :

Chahed, A.

China, B.

Daube, Georges ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires > Microbiologie des denrées alimentaires

Language :

French

Title :

Les Escherichia coli producteurs de shigatoxines dans les toxi-infections d'origine alimentaire.

Publication date :

2007

Journal title :

Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire

ISSN :

0003-4118

eISSN :

1781-3875

Publisher :

ULg - Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

Volume :

151

Pages :

215-246

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 23 February 2009

Statistics

Number of views

400 (16 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

693 (17 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

Bibliography

ADU-BOBIE J., FRANKEL G., BAIN C., GONCALVES A. G., TRABULSI L. R., DOUCE G., KNUTTON S., DOUGAN G. Detection of intimins α, β, γ, and δ, Four intimin derivatives expressed by attaching and effacing microbial pathogens. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1998, 36, 662-668.
AGENCE FRANCAISE DE SECURITE SANITAIRE DES ALIMENTS Bilan des connaissances relatives aux Escherichia coli producteurs de Shiga-toxines (STEC). Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments : Maisons-Alfort, 2003, 220 p.
ALLISON L.J., CARTER , P.E., AND THOMSON-CARTER F.M. Characterization of a recurrent clonal type of Escherichia coli O157:H7 causing major outbreaks of infection in Scotland. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38, 1632-1635.
AMMON A, PETERSEN LR, KARCH H. A large outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by unusual sorbitol-fermenting strain of Escherichia coli O157. J. Infect. Dis., 1999, 179, 1274-1277.
BAKER D.R., MOXLEY R.A., FRANCIS D.H. Variation in virulence in the gnotobiotic pig model of O157:H7 Escherichia coli strains of bovine and human origin. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1997, 412, 53-58.
BEERY J.T., DOYLE M.P., SCHOENI J.L. Colonisation of chicken cecae by Escherichia coli associated with hemorrhagic colitis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1985, 49, 310-315.
BEGUM D., STROCKBINE N. A., SOWERS E. G., JACKSON M.P. Evaluation of a technique for identification of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli by using polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-labeled probes. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1993, 31, 3153-3156.
BEKAL S., BROUSSEAU R., MASSON L., PREFONTAINE G., FAIRBRROTHER J., HAREL J. Rapid identification of Escherichia coli pathotypes by virulence gene detection with DNA microarrays J. Clin Microbiol, 2003, 41, 2113-2125.
BELONGIA E.A., OSTERHOLM M.T., SOLER J.T., AMMEND D.A., BRAUNN J.E., MAC DONALD K.L. Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in Minnesota child day care facilities. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1993, 269, 883-888.
BENNET A.R., MAC PHEE S., BETS R.P. The isolation and detection of Escherichia coli O157 by use of immunomagnetic separation and immunoassay procedures. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1996, 22, 237-243.
BERTIN Y., BOUKHORS K., PRADEL N., LIVRELLI V., MARTIN C. stx2 subtyping of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from cattle in France : detection of a new stx2 subtype and correlation with additional virulence factors. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39, 3060-3065.
BEUTIN L. , PRADA J. , ZIMMERMANN S., STEPHAN R., ORSKOV I., ORSKOV F. Enterohemolysin, a new type of hemolysin produced by some strains of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg., 1988, 267, 576-588.
BEUTIN L., GEIER D., STEINRUCK H., ZIMMERMANN S., SCHEUTZ F. Prevalence and some properties of verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing Escherichia coli in seven different species of healthy domestic animals. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1993, 31, 2483-2488.
BEUTIN L., ZIMMERMANN S., GLEIER K. Rapid detection and isolation of Shiga-like toxin(verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli by direct testing of individual enterohemolytic colonies from washed sheep blood agar plates in the VTEC-RPLA assay. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1996, 34, 2812 -2814.
BEUTIN L., KRAUSE G., ZIMERMAN S., KAULFUSS S., GLEIER K. Characterization of Shiga toxin-Producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from human patients in Germany over a 3-year period. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2004, 42,1099-1108.
BEUTIN L., KAULFUSS S., HEROLD S., OSWALD E., SCHMIDT H. Genetic analysis of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serogroup O103 strains by molecular typing of virulence and housekeeping genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2005, 43, 1552-1563.
BISCHOFF C. LUTHY J., ALTWEGG M., BAGGI F. Rapid detection of diarrheagenic E. coli by real-time PCR. J. Microbiol. Methods, 2005, 61, 335-341.
BOLTON F.J., CROZIER L., WILIAMSON J.K. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157 from raw meat products. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1996, 23, 317-321.
BOUVET J., VERNOZY-ROZAND C. Méthodes génétiques de détection des Escherichia coli vérotoxiques (STEC) et de Escherichia coli O157:H7 dans les aliments. Rev. Med. Vet., 2000, 151, 907-914.
BREUER T., BENKEL D.H., SHAPIRO R.L., HALL W.N., WINNETT M.M., LINN M.J., NEIMANN J., BARRETT T.J., DIETRICH S., DOWNES F.P., TONEY D.M., PEARSON J.L., ROLKA H., SLUTSKER L., GRIFIN P.M.A. Multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections linked to alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2001, 7, 977-982.
BRIAN M.J., FROSOLONO M., MURRAY B.E., MIRANDA A., LOPEZ E.L, GOMEZ H.F., CLEARY T.G. Polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection and hemolyticuremic syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1992, 30, 1801-1806.
BROOKS J.T., SOWERS E.G., WELLS J.G., GREENE K.D., GRIFFIN P.M., HOEKSTRA R.M., STROCKBINE N.A. Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in the United States, 1983-2002. J. Infect. Dis., 2005, 192, 1422-1429.
BROWN M.R., SMITH A.W., BARKER J., HUMPHREY T.J., DIXON B. E. coli O157 persistence in the environment. Microbiology, 2002, 148, 1-2.
BRUNDER W., SCHMIDT H., KARCH H. KatP, a novel catalase peroxydase encoded by the large plasmid of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microbiology, 1996, 142, 3305-3315.
BRUNDER W., KHAN A.S., HACKER J., KARCH H. Novel type of fimbriae encoded by the large plasmid of sorbitol-fermenting enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H(-). Infect. Immun., 2001, 69, 4447-4457.
BURK C., DIETRICH R., ACAR G., MORAVEK M., BULTE M., MARTLBAUER E. Identification and characterization of a new variant of Shiga toxin 1 in Escherichia coli ONT:H19 of bovine origin. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2003, 41, 2106-2112.
BURLAND V., SHAO Y., PERNA N.T., PLUNKETT G., SOFIA H.J., BLATTNER F.R. The complete DNA sequence and analysis of the large virulence plasmid of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Nucleic Acids Res., 1998, 26, 4196-4204.
BURNENS A.P., ZBINDEN R., KAEMP, L., HEINZER I., NICOLET J. A case of laboratory acquired infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Zentralbl. Bakteriol., 1993, 279, 512-517.
CALDERWOOD S.B., AKESON D.W.K., KEUSCH G.T., BARET T.J., GRIFIN P.M. Proposed new nomenclature for SLT (VT) family. ASM News, 1996, 62, 118-119.
CAPRIOLI A., MORABITO S., BRUGERE H., OSWALD E. Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli : emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission. Vet. Res., 2005, 36, 289-311.
CATARAME T.M., O4HANLON K A., DUFFY G., SHERIDAN J.J., BLAIR I.S., McDOWELL D.A. Optimization of enrichment and plating procedures for the recovery of Escherichia coli O111 and O26 from minced beef. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2003, 95, 949-957.
CASSIN M.H., LAMMERDING A.M, TODD E.C., ROSS W., Mc Coll R.S. Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 1998, 41, 21-44.
CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis attributable to Escherichia coli serotype O104:H21. Helena, Montana. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 1994, 42, 258-263.
CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among chl idren associated wi th farms visits- Pensylavania and Washington 2001. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 2001, 50, 293-297
CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL Community outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome attributable to Escherichia coli O111:NM-South Australia 1995. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 1995, 44, 550-1, 557-8.
CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL FoodNet surveillance report for 2004 (final report). [en ligne] (2004) Adresse URL : http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/annual/2004/ Report.pdf Consulté le 10 juin 2007.
CEBULA T.A., PAYNE W.I., FENG P. Simultaneous identification of strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and their shiga-like toxin type by mismatch amplification mutation assay- multiplex PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1995, 33, 248-250.
CHAPMAN P.A., SIDDONS C.A., WRIGHT D.J., NORMAN P., FOX J., CRICK E. Cattle as a possible source of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in man. Epidemiol. Infect., 1993, 111, 439-447.
CHAPMAN P.A., SIDDONS C.A., WRIGHT D.J., NORMAN P, FOX J., CRICK E. A 1-year study of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry. Epidemiol. Infect., 1997, 119, 245-250.
CHARPENTIER X, OSWALD E. Identification of the secretion and translocation domain of the enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli effector Cif, using TEM-1 beta-lactamase as a new fluorescence-based reporter. J. Bacteriol., 2004, 186, 5486-5495.
CHINA B., PIRSON V., MAINIL J. Typing of bovine attaching and effacing Escherichia coli by multiplex in vitro amplification of virulence-associated genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1996, 62, 3462-3465.
CHINA B., PIRSON V., MAINIL J. Prevalence and molecular typing of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli among calf populations in Belgium. Vet. Microbiol., 1998, 63, 249-259.
CHINA B. Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli. Rec. Res. Devel. Microbiol., 2000, 4, 1-30.
CHINA B., GHAFIR Y., DAUBE G. Estimation quantitative et qualitative par amplification génétique des bactéries présentes dans les denrées alimentaires. Ann. Méd. Vét., 2002, 147, 99-109
CHINA, B. La traçabilité génétique de la viande et des bactéries. Bull. Soc. R. Sc. Liège, 2002, 71, 31-46.
CLARK C.G., JOHNSON S.T., EASY R.H., CAMPBELL J.L., RODGERS F.G. Pcr for detection of cdt-III and the relative frequencies of cytolethal distending toxin variant-producing Escherichia coli isolates from humans and cattle. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002, 40, 2671-2674.
CLARKE R.C., WILSON J.B., READ S.C., RENWICK S., RAHN K., JOHNSON R.P., ALVES D., KARMALI M.A., LIOR H., Mc EWEN, SPIKA J., GYLES C.S. Verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in the food chain : preharvest and processing perspectives. In: Karmali M.A., Goglio, A.G. (eds), Recent Advances in Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Infections: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium and Workshop on Verocytotoxin. Elsevier : Edinburgh, 1995, 17-24.
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION Risk profile for the enterohemorragic E.coli including the identification of the commodities of concern, including sprouts, ground beef and pork. Thirty-fifth session, Orlando, USA, 27 January-1 february 2003.
COWDEN J.M., AHMED S., DONAGHY M., RILEY A. The epidemiological investigation of the Central Scotland outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection, November to December. Epidemiol. Infect., 1997, 126, 335-341.
CREPIN V.F., SHAW R., ABE C.M., KNUTTON S., FRANKEL G. Polarity of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EspA filament assembly and protein secretion. J. Bacteriol., 2005, 187, 2881-2889.
CRUMP J.A., SULKA A.C., LANGER A.J., SCHABEN C., CRIELLY A.S., GAGE R., BAYSINGER M., MOL . M., WITHERS G., TONEY D.M., HUNTER S.B., HOEKSTRA R.M., WONG S. K., GRIFFIN P.M., VAN GILDER T.J. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, 347, 555-560.
CUNIN P., TEDJOUKA E., GERMANI Y., NCHARRE C., BERCION R., MORVAN J., MARTIN P.M. An epidemic of bloody diarrhea Escherichia coli O157 emerging in Cameroon. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 1999, 5, 285-290.
DAUBE G., WAUTERS W. O157 enterohemorrhagic E. coli in raw beef minced meat "Filet américain" in Belgium, 1998, Collection from participating members states of information on methodology and data to underpin a process for microbiological risk assessment at the European level (SCOOP).
DE BOER E., HEUVELINK A.E. Methods for the detection and isolation of Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Symp. Ser. Soc. Appl. Microbiol., 2000, 29, 1335-1435.
DEIBEL C., KRAMER S., CH AKRABORTY T., EBEL F. EspE, a novel secreted protein of attaching and effacing bacteria, is directly translocated into infected host cells, where it apears as a tyrosine- phosphorylated 90kDa protein. Mol. Microobiol., 1998, 28, 463-474.
DENG W., PUENTE J.L., GRUENHEID S., LI Y., VALLANCE B. A., VAZQUEZ A., BARBA J., IBARA J. A., O'DONEL P., METALNIKOV P., ASHMAN K., LEE S., GOOD D., PAWSON T., FINLAY B.B. Dissecting virulence : systematic and functional analyses of a pathogenicity island. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004, 101, 3597-3602
DENG W., LI Y., VALLANCE B.A., FINLAY B.B. Locus of enterocyte effacement from Citrobacter rodentium : sequence analysis and evidence for horizontal transfer among attaching and effacing pathogens. Infect. Immun., 2001, 69, 6323-6335.
DE WOLF H, BLUST R, BACKELJAU T. The use of RAPD in ecotoxicology. Mutat. Res., 2004, 566, 249-262.
DJORDJEVIC S.P., HORNITZKY M.A., BAILEY G., GILL P., VANSELOW B., WALKER K., BETTELHEIM K.A. Virulence proper t ies and serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from healthy Australian slaughter-age sheep. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39, 2017-2021.
DONENBERG M.S., DONOHUE-ROLFE A., KEUSCH G.T. Epithelial cell invasion : an overlooked property of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) associated with the EPEC adherence factor. J. Infect. Dis., 1989, 160, 452-459.
DONOHUE-ROLFE A, KEUSCH G.T. Shigella dysenteriae 1 cytotoxin : periplasmic protein releasable by polymyxin B and osmotic shock. Infect. Immun., 1983, 39, 270-274.
DUCOFFRE G. Surveillance des maladies infectieuses par un réseau de laboratoires de microbiologie 2001 : tendances épidémiologiques 1983-2000. [en ligne] (2003) Adresse URL : http://www.iph.fgov.be/epidemio/ epifr/plabfr/plabanfr/index01.htm
DUCOFFRE G. Surveillance des maladies infectieuses par un réseau de laboratoires de microbiologie, 2004 : tendances épidé miologiques 1983-2003. [en ligne] (2005) Adresse URL : http://www.iph.fgov.be/ epidemio/epifr/plabfr/plabanfr/index04.htm.
DUCOFFRE G. Surveillance des maladies infectieuses par un réseau de laboratoires de microbiologie 2005 : tendances épidémiologiques 1983-2004. [en ligne] (2007) Adresse URL : http://www.iph.fgov.be/epidemio/ epifr/plabfr/plabanfr/index05.htm.
DUFFY G., CUMMINS E., NALLY P., O'BRIEN S., BUTLER F. A review of quantitative microbiological risk assessment in the management of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef. Meat Sci., 2006, 74, 76-88.
EFFLER E., ISACSON M., ARNTZEN L., HEENAN R., CANTER P., BARET T., LEE L., MAMBO C., LEVINE W., ZAIDI A., GRIFIN P.M. Factors contributing to the emergence of Escherichia coli O157 in Africa. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2001, 7, 812-819.
EKLUND M., LEINO K., SIITONEN A. Clinical Escherichia coli strains carrying stx genes:stx variants and stx-positive virulence profiles. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002, 40, 4585-4593.
ELLIOTT S.J., KREJANY E.O., MELIES J.L., ROBINS-BROWNER.M., SASAKAWA C., KAPER J.B. EspG, a novel type III system-secreted protein from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with similarities to VirA of Shigella flexneri. Infect. Immun., 2001, 69, 4027-4033.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION - HEALTH AND CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE Trends and sources of zoonotic agents in animals, feedingstuffs, food and man in the European Union and Norway in 2002. [en ligne] (2002) Adresse URL : http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/salmonella/001_cover_2002.pdf
EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY Trends and sources of zoonotic agents in animals, feedingstuffs, food and man in the European Union and Norway in 2004.
EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY Manual for Reporting on Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents, Antimicrobial Resistance and Food-borne Outbreaks in the framework of Directive 2003/99/ EC, 2006, 88p.
EUROPEAN UNION, COUNCIL Directive 92/117/EEC , 17 décembre 1992, concernant les mesures de protection contre certaines zoonoses et certaines agents zoonotiques chez les animaux et dans les prooduits d'origine animale, en vue de prévenir les foyers d'infection et d'intoxication dus à des denrées alimentaires. Off. J. Eur. Union, 1993, LO62, 38-48.
ESPIE E., HAEGHEBAERT S., BOUVET P., GRIMONT F., MARIANI P., VAILANT V. Surveillance du syndrome hémolytique et urémique chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans en France, 2002 et 2003. Bull. Epidemiol. Hebd., 2004, 42, 203-204.
FACH P., PERELLE S., DILASSER F., GROUT J. Comparison between a PCR-ELISA test and the Vero cell assay for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dairy products and characterization of virulence traits of the isolated strains. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2001, 90, 809-818
FACH P., PERELE S., GROUT J., DILASSER F., Comparison of different PCR tests for detecting Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 and development of an ELIS A-PCR assay for specific identification of the bacteria. J. Microbiol. Methods, 2003, 55, 383-392.
FAGAN P.K. , HORNITZKY M.A., BETELHEIM K.A., DJORDJEVIC S.P. Detection of shiga-like toxin (stx1 and stx2), intimin (eaeA), and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) hemolysin (EHEC hlyA) genes in animal feces by multiplex PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1999, 65, 868-872.
FENG P., DEY M., ABE A., TAKEDA , T. Isogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that has lost both Shiga toxin 1 and 2 genes. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 2001, 8, 711-7177.
FENG P., LAMPEL K A., KARCH H., WHITTAM T.S. Genotypic and phenotypic changes in the emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Infect. Dis., 1998, 177, 1750 -1753.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Application of Risk Analysis to Food Standards Issues. Report of the joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. Geneva, Switzerland 13-17 March 1995. WHO, Geneva.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Principes et directives régissant la conduite de l'évaluation des risques microbiologiques. [en ligne] (1999) Adresse URL : http://www. fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y1579F/y1579f05.htm Consulté le 10 juin 2007.
FORTIN N.Y., MULCHANDANI A., CHEN W. Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction and molecular beacons for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Anal. Biochem., 2001, 289, 281-288.
FRATAMICO P.M., BAGI L.K., PEPE T. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods and bovine feces. J. Food Prot., 2000, 63, 1032-1037.
FRATAMICO P.M., SACKITEY S.K., WIEDMANN M., DENG M.Y. Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by multiplex PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1995, 33, 2188-2191.
FRIEDRICH A.W., KOCK R., BIELASZEWSKA M., ZHANG W., KARCH H., MATHYS W. Distribution of the urease gene cluster among and urease activities of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 isolates from humans. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2005, 43, 546-550.
FRIEDRICH A.W., BIELASZEWSKA M., ZHANG W.L., PULZ M., KUCZIUS T, AMMON A., KARCH H. Escherichia coli harboring Shiga toxin 2 gene variants : frequency and association with clinical symptoms. J. Infect. Dis., 2002, 185, 74-84.
GANNON V.P., D' SOUZA S., GRAHAM T., KING R.K., RAHN K., READ S. Use of the flagellar H7 gene as a target in multiplex PCR assays and improved specificity in identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1997, 35, 656-662.
GANNON V.P., TEERLING C., MASRI S.A., GYLES C.L. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of another variant of the Escherichia coli shiga-like toxin II family. J. Gen. Microbiol., 1990, 136, 1125-1135.
GARBER L., WELLS S., SCHROEDER-TUCKER L., FERIS K. Factors associated with fecal shedding of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on dairy farms. J. Food Prot., 1999, 62, 307-312.
GARMANDIA J., FRANKEL G., CREPIN V. Enteropathogenic an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections : translocation, translocation, translocation. Infect. Immun., 2005, 73, 2573-2585.
GERNER-SMIDT P., SCHEUTZ F. Standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli : the pulseNet Europe feasability study. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 2006, 3, 74-80.
GHOSH P. Process of protein transport by the type III secretion system. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 2004, 68, 771-795.
GOFAUX F., CHINA B., JANSEN L., PIRSON V., MAINIL J. The locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from dogs and cats. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1999, 473, 129-136.
GOFFAUX F., CHINA B., MAINIL J. Organisation and in vitro expression of esp genes of the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) of bovine enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Vet. Microbiol., 2001, 83, 275-286.
GRIF K., DASCHNER F.D., BEUTIN L., CHEASTY T., SMITH H., ROWE B., DIERICH M.P., ALLERBERGER F. Comparative study of five different techniques for epidemiological typing of Escherichia coli O157. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1998, 32, 165-176.
GRIFFIN P.M., TAUXE R.V. The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157: H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Epidemiol. Rev., 1991, 13, 60-98
GRIFFIN P.M., OLMSTEAD L.C., PETRAS R.E. Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated colitis: a clinical and histological study of 11 cases. Gastroenterology, 1990, 99, 142-149.
GUNZER F., BOHM H., RUSMAN H., BITZAN M., ALESKSIC S., KARCH H. Molecular detection of sorbitol fermenting Escherichia coli O157 in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1992, 30, 1807-1810.
HANCOCK D., BESSER T., LEJEUNE J., DAVIS M., RICE D. The control of VTEC in the animal reservoir. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2001, 21, 66, 71-78.
HE S.Y., NOMURA K., WHITAM T.S. Type III protein secretion mechanism in mammalian and plant pathogens. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 2004, 1694, 181-206.
HEUVELINK A.E., ZWARTKRUISNAHUIS J.T.M., VAN DE BIGGELAAR F.L.A.M., VAN LEEWEN W.J., DE BOER E. Isolation and characterization of verocytotoxin- producing Escherichia coli O157 from slaughter pigs and poultry. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 1999, 52, 67-75.
HEUVELINK A.E., VAN HEERWAARDEN C., ZWARTKRUIS-NAHUIS J.T., VAN OOSTEROM R., EDINK K., VAN DUYNHOVEN Y.T., DE BOER E. Escherichia coli O157 infection associated with a petting zoo. Epidemiol. Infect., 2002, 129, 295-302.
HUSSEIN H.S., BOLLINGER L.M. Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef cattle. J. Food Prot., 2005, 68, 2224-2241.
INSTITUT DE VEILLE SANITAIRE Évaluation de la surveillance du syndrome hémolytique et urémique typique ou post- diarrhéique en France, 1996-2003. [en ligne] (2006) Adresse URL : http://www.invs.sante.fr/publications/2006/shu_1996_2003/shu_1996_2003.pdf Consulté le 8 avril 2007.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs. Horizontal method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157. ISO 16654, ISO, Suisse, 2001, 1-15.
ITO H., TERAI A., KURAZONO H., TAKEDA Y., NISHIBUCHI M. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of Vero toxin 2 variant genes from Escherichia coli O91: H21 isolated from a patient with the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Microb. Pathog., 1990, 8, 47-60.
IZUMIYA H., TERAJIMA J., WADA A., INAGAKI Y., ITOH K.I., TAMURA K., WATANABE H. Molecular typing of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolate in Japan by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1997, 35, 1675-1680.
JACKSON M.P., WADOLKOWSKI E.A., WEINSTEIN D.L., HOLMES R.K., O'BRIEN A.D. Functional analysis of the Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin type II variant binding subunits by using site-directed mutagenesis. J. Bacteriol., 1990, 172, 653-658.
JERSE A.E., YU J., TALL B.D, KAPER J.B. A genetic locus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli necessary for the production of attaching effacing lesions on tissue culture cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1990, 87, 7839-7843.
JOHNSON R.P., CLARKE R.C., WILSON J.B., READ S.C., RAHN K., RENWICK S.A. Growing concerns and recent outbreaks involving non O157:H7 serotypes of verocytoxigenic Escherichia coli. J. Food Prot., 1996, 59, 1112-1122.
JONES I.G., ROWORTH M. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 and campylobacteriosis associated with contamination of a drinking water supply. Public Health, 1996, 110, 277-282.
JONES S.W., DOBSIN M.E., FRANCESCONI S. C., SCHOSKE R., CRAWFORD R. DNA assays for detection, identification, and individualization of select agent microorganisms Croat. Med. J., 2005, 46, 522-529.
Jores J., Zehmke K., Eichberg J., Rumer L., Wieler L.H. Description of a novel intimin variant (type zeta) in the bovine O84:NM verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strain 537/89 and the diagnostic value of intimin typing. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 2003, 228, 370-376.
KANACK K.J., CRAWFORD J.A., TATSUNO I., KARMALI M.A., KAPER J.B. SepZ/EspZ is secreted and translocated into HeLa cells by the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli type III secretion system. Infect. Immun., 2005, 73, 4327-4337.
KARCH H., MEYER T. Single primer pair for amplifying segments of distinct Shiga-like-toxin genes by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1989, 27, 2751-2757.
KARCH H., BOHM H., SCHMIDT H., GUNZER F., ALEKSIC S., HEESEMAN J. Clonal structure and pathogenicity of Shiga-like toxin-producing sorbitol-fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H-. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1993, 31, 1200-1205.
KARCH H., BIELASZEWSKA M., BITZAN M., SCHMIDT H. Epidemiology and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1999, 34, 229-243.
KARCH H., BIELASZEWSKA M. Sorbitol-fermenting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H- strains : epidemiology, phenotypic and molecular characteristics, and microbiological diagnosis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39, 2043-2049.
KARMALI M.A. Infection by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 1989, 2, 15-38.
KENY B., JEPSON M. Targeting of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) effector protein to host mitochondria. Cell. Microbiol., 2000, 2, 579-590.
KIMURA R., MANDRELL R.E., GALLAND J.C., HYATT D., RILEY L.W. Restriction-site-specific PCR as a rapid test to detect enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in environmental samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2000, 66, 2513-2519.
KOCH C., HERTWIG S., LURZ R., APPEL B., BEUTIN L. Isolation of a lysogenic bacteriophage carrying the stx1OX3 gene which is closely associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli srains from sheep and humans. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39, 3992-3998.
KODAMA T., AKEDA Y., KONO G., TAKAHASHI A., IMURA , K., IIDA T.HONDA T. The EspB protein of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli interacts directly with alpha-catenin. Cell. Microbiol., 2002, 4, 213-222.
KUMAR H.S., KARUNASAGAR I., KARUNASAGAR I., TEIZOU T., SHIMA K., YAMASAKI S. Characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from seafood and beef. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 2004, 233, 173-178.
LEJEUNE J.T., BESSER T.E., HANCCOCK D.D. Cattle water troughs as reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2001, 67, 3053-3057.
LEUNG P.H., PEIRIS J.S., NG W.W., ROBINS-BROWNE R.M. , BETELHEIM K.A., YAM W.C. A newly discovered verotoxin variant VT2g, produced by bovine verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2003, 69, 7549-7553.
LEVINE M.M., XU J.G., KAPER J.B., LIOR H., PRADO V., TAL B., NATARO J., KARCH H., WACHSMUTH K. A DNA probe to identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of O157:H7 and other serotypes that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. J. Infect. Dis., 1987, 156, 175-182.
LIN Z., KURAZONO H., YAMASAKI S., TAKEDA Y. Detection of various variant verotoxin genes in Escherichia coli by polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol. Immunol., 1993, 37, 543-548.
LUO Y., FREY E.A., PFUETZNER R.A., CREAGH A.L., KNOECHEL D.G., HAYNES C.A., FINLAY B.B., STRYNADKA N.C. Crystal structure of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli intimin-receptor complex. Nature, 2000, 405, 1073-1077.
LEOMIL L., PESTANA DE CASTRO A.F., KRAUSE G., SCHMIDT H., BEUTIN L. Characterization of two major groups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli O26 strains which are globally spread in human patients and domestic animals of different species. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 2005, 249, 335-342.
MAINIL J., JACQUEMIN E.R., KAECKENBEEK A.E., POHL P.H., Association between the effacing (eae) gene and the Shiga-like toxin-encoding genes in Escherichia coli isolates from cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1993, 54, 1064-1068.
MAINIL J. Shiga/Verocytotoxins and Shiga verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in animals. Vet. Res., 1999, 30, 235-257.
Mainil J. G., Daube G. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli from animals, humans and foods: who's who? J. Appl. Microbiol., 2005, 98, 1332-1344.
MARCHES O., LEDGER T.N., BOURY M., OHARA M., TU X., GOFAUX F., MAINIL J., ROSENSHINE I., SUGAI M., DE RYCKE J., OSWALD E. Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli deliver a novel effector called Cif, which blocks cell cycle G2/M transition. Mol. Microbiol., 2003, 50, 1553-1567.
MATSUZAWA T, KUWAE A, YOSHIDA S, SASAKAWA C, ABE A. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli activates the RhoA signaling pathway via the stimulation of GEF-H1. EMBO J., 2004, 23, 3570-3782.
MCDANIEL T.K., JARVIS K.G., DONNENBERG M.S., KAPER J.B. A genetic locus of enterocyte effaceement conserved among diverse enterobacterial pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 1664-1668.
MCNAMARA B.P., KOUTSOURIS A., O'CONNELL C.B., NOUGAYREDE J. P., DONNENBERG M. S., HECHT G. Translocated EspF protein from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli disrupts host intestinal barrier function. J. Clin. Invest., 2001, 107, 621-629.
MEAD P.S., GRIFFIN P.M. Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lancet, 1998, 35, 1207-1212.
MENG J., ZHAO S., DOYLE M.P., MITCHELL S.E., KRESOVICH S. Polymerase chain reaction for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 1996, 32, 103-113.
MICHINO H., ARAKI K., MINAMI S., TAKAYA S, SAKAI N., MIYAZAKI M., ONO A., YANAGAAAWA H. Massive outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in school children in Sakai City, Japan, associated with consumption of white radish sprouts. Am. J. Epidemiol., 1999, 150, 787-796.
MONDAY S.R. , WHITTAM T.S., FENG P.C. Genetic and evolutionary analysis of mutations in the gusA gene that cause the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity in Escherichia coli O157: H7. J. Infect. Dis., 2001, 184, 918-921.
MOON H.W., WHIP S.C., ARGENZIO R.A., LEVINE M.M., GIANELA R.A. Attaching and effacing activities of rabbit and human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in pig and rabbit intestines. Infect. Immun., 1983, 41, 1340-1351.
MORABITO S., DELL'OMO G., AGRIMI U., SCHMIDT H., KARCH H., CHEASTY T., CAPRIOLI A. Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in feral pigeons. Vet. Microbiol., 2001, 82, 275-283.
MORABITO S., TOZZOLI R., OSWALD E., CAPRIOLI A. A mosaic pathogenicity island made up of the locus of enterocyte effacement and a pathogenicity island of Escherichia coli O157:H7 is frequently present in attaching and effacing E. coli. Infect. Immun., 2003, 71, 3343-3348.
MORGAN G.M., NEWMAN C., PALMER S.R., ALLEN J.B., SHEPHERD W., RAMPLING A.M., WARREN R.E., GROSS R.J., SCOTLAND S.M., SMITH H.R. First recognized community outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis due to verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O 157:H7 in the UK. Epidemiol. Infect., 1988, 101, 83-91.
MUZA-MOONS M. M., KOUTSOURIS A., HECHT G. Disruption of cell polarity by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli enables basolateral membrane proteins to migrate apically and to potentiate physiological consequences. Infect. Immun., 2003, 71, 7069-78.
NATARO J.P., KAPER J.B. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 1998, 11, 142-201.
NAUTA M., EVERS E., TAKUMI K., HAVELAR A. Risk assessment of Shiga like producing Escherichia coli O157 in steak tartar in the Netherlands. Report 257851003/, 2001, (P69). Bilthhoven, The Netherlands : RIVM
NICHOLLS L., GRANT T.H., ROBINS-BROWN , R.M. Identification of a novel genetic locus that is required for in vitro adhesion of a clinical isolate of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells. Mol. Microbiol., 2000, 35, 275-88.
NOLLER A.C., McELLISTREM M.C., STINE O.C., MORRIS J.G.Jr., BOXRUD D.J., DIXON B., HARRISON L.H. Multilocus sequence typing reveals a lack of diversity among Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates that are distinct by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2003, 41, 675-679.
OBERST R.D., HAYS M.P., BOHRA L.K., PHEBUS R.K., YAMASHIRO C.T., PASZKO-KOLVA C., FLOOD S.J., SARGEANT J.M., GILESPIE J.R. PCR-based DNA amplification and presumptive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with an internal fluorogenic probe and the 5′ nuclease (TaqMan) assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1998, 64, 3389-3396.
O'BRIEN A.D., LAVECK G.D., THOMPSON M.R., FORMAL S.B. Production of Shigella dysenteriae type 1-like cytotoxin by Escherichia coli. J. Infect. Dis., 1982, 146, 763-769.
OGDEN I.D., HEPBURN N.F., MACRAE M. The optimization of isolation media used in immunomagnetic separation methods for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 in foods. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2001, 91, 373-379.
OSTROFF S.M., KOBAYASHI J.M., LEWIS J.H. Infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Washington State. The first year of statewide disease surveillance. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1989, 262, 355-359.
OSWALD E., SCHMIDT H., MORABITO S., KARCH H., MARCHES O., CAPRIOLI A. Typing of intimin genes i n human and animal enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: characterization of a new intimin variant. Infect. Immun., 2000, 68, 64-71.
PATON A.W., BOURNE A.J., MANNING P.A. , PATON J.C. Comparative toxicity and virulence of Escherichia coli clones expressing variant and chimeric Shiga-like toxin type II operons. Infec. Immun., 1995, 63, 2450-2458.
PATON A.W, SRIMANOTE P., WOODROW M.C., PATON J.C. Characterization of saa, a novel autoagglutinating adhesin produced by locus of enterocyte effacement-negative Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli strains that are virulent for humans. Infect. Immun., 2001, 69, 6999-7009
PATON A.W., RATCLIFF R.M., DOYLE R.M., SEYMOUR-MURRAY J., DAVOS D., LANSER J.A., PATON J.C. Molecular microbiological investigation of an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by dry fermented sausage contaminated with Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1996, 34, 1622-1627.
PERELE S., DILASER F., GROUT J., FACH , P. Detection by 5′-nuclease PCR of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli O26, O55, O91, O103, O111, O113, O145 and O157:H7, associated with the world's most frequent clinical cases. Mol. Cell. Probes. 2004, 18, 185-192
PERELLE S., DILASSER F. GROUT J., FACH P. Detection of Escherichia coli serogroup O103 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2005, 98, 1162-1168.
PIERARD D., MUYLDERMANNS G., MORIAU L., STEVENS D., LAUWERS S. Identification of new verocytotoxin type 2 variant B-subunit genes in human and animal Escherichia coli isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1998, 36, 3317-3322.
PIERARD D., HUYGHENS S., LAUWERS S., LIOR H. Diarrhoea associated with Escherichia coli producing porcine oedema disease verotoxin. Lancet, 1991, 338, 762.
PILIPCINEC E., TKACIKOVA L., NAAS H. T., CABADAJ R., MIKULA I. Isolation of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from poultry. Folia Microbiol. (Praha), 1999, 44, 455-456.
POWELL M., EBEL E., SCHLOSER W., WALDERHAUG M., KAUSE J. Dose response enveloppe for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Quant. Microbiol., 2000, 2, 141-163.
PRADEL N., LEROY-SETRIN S., JOLY B., LIVRELI V. Genomic subtraction to identify and characterize sequences of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O91:H21. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2002, 68, 2316-2325.
PRUIMBOOM-BREES I.M., MORGAN T.W., ACKERMAN M.R., NYSTROM E.D., SAMUEL J.E., CORNICK N.A., MOON H.W. Cattle lack vascular receptors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga toxins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 10325-10329.
RADU S., RUSUL G., LING O.W., PURWATI E., MUSTAKIM M., LIHAN S. Rapid isolation and detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by use of rainbow agar O157 and PCR assay. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2000, 31, 77-79.
RAMACHANDRAN V., HORNITZKY M. A., BETTELHEIM K.A., WALKER M.J., DJORDJEVIC S.P. The common ovine Shiga toxin 2-containing Escherichia coli serotypes and human isolates of the same serotypes possess a Stx2d toxin type. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39,1932-1937.
RANDALL L.P., WRAY C., MCLAREN I.M. Studies on the development and use of a monoclonal sandwich ELISA for the detection of verotoxic Escherichia coli in animal faeces. Vet. Rec., 1997, 140, 112-115.
RANGEL J.M., SPARLING P.H., CROWE C., GRIFFIN P.M., SWERDLOW D.L. Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks United States, 1982-2002. Emerg. Inf. Dis., 2005, 11, 603-609.
RICHARDSON S.E., KARMALI M.A., BECKER L.E., SMITH C.R. The histopathology of the hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Hum. Pathol., 1988, 19,1102-1108.
ROBERTS C.L., MSHAR P.A., CATER M.L., HADLER J.L., SOSIN D.M., HAYES P.S., BARET T.J. The role of heightened surveillance in an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Epidemiol. Infect., 1995, 115, 447-454.
SAIKI R.K., GELFAND D.H., STOFFEL S., SCHARF S.J., HIGUCHI R., HORN G.T., MULIS K.B., ERLICH H.A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science, 1988, 239, 487-491.
SAVKOVIC S.D., RAMASWAMY A., KOUTSOURIS A, HECHT G. EPEC-activated ERK1/2 participate in inflammatory response but not tight junction barrier disruption. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrintest. Liver Physiol., 2001, 281, G 890-898.
SCHMIDT H., BEUTIN L., KARCH H. Molecular analysis of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL 933. Infect. Immun., 1995, 63, 1055-1061.
SCOTLAND S.M., SMITH H.R., WILSHAW G.A., ROWE B. Vero cytotoxin production in strain of Escherichia coli is determined by genes carried on bacteriophage. Lancet, 1983, 2, 216.
SCOTLAND S.M., ROWE B., SMITH H.R., WILLSHAW G.A., GROSS R.J. Verocytotoxin producing producing strains of Escherichia coli from children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and their detection by specific DNA probes. J. Med. Microbiol, 1988, 25, 237-243
SHARMA V.K., DEAN-NYSTROM E.A., CASEY T.A. Semi-automated fluorogenic PCR assays (TaqMan) for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other shiga toxigenic E. coli. Mol. Cell. Probes, 1999, 13, 291-302.
SHARMA V.K., DEAN-NYSTROM E.A. Detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by using a multiplex real-time PCR assay for genes encoding intimin and Shiga toxins. Vet. Microbiol., 2003, 93, 247-260.
SHARMA V.K. Detection and quantitation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157, O111, and O26 in beef and bovine feces by real-time polymerase chain reaction. J. Food. Prot., 2002, 65, 1371-1380.
SHEHIB Z.A., ABDUL GHANI Z.G., MAHDI L.K.H. First report of Escherichia coli O157 among Iraq children. East. Mediterr. Health J., 2003, 9, 1-7.
SINCLAIR J.F., O'BRIEN A.D. Cell surface-localized nucleolin is a eukaryotic receptor for the adhesin intimin-gamma of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 2876-2885.
SMITH D., WILLSHAW G., STANLEY J., ARNOLD C. Genotyping of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: comparison of isolated of a prevalent phage type by fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphisms and pulsed-fied gel electrophoresis analyses. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38, 4616-4620.
STROCKBINE N.A., MARQUES L.R., NEWLAND J.W., SMITH H.W., HOLMES R.K., O'BRIEN A.D. Two toxin-conver ting phages from Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activities. Infect. Immun., 1986, 53, 135-140.
TAMPAKAKI A.P., FADOULOGLOU V.E., GAZI A.D., PANOPOULOS N.J., KOKINIDIS M. Conserved features of type III secretion. Cell. Microbiol., 2004, 6, 805-816.
TARR C.L., WHITTAM T.S. Molecular evolution of the intimin gene in O111 clones of pathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bact., 2002, 184, 479-489.
TARR C.L., LARGE T.M., MOELLER C.L., LACHER D.W., TAR P.I., ACHESON D.W., WHITAM T.S. Molecular characterization of a serotype O121:H19 clone, a distinct Shiga toxin-producing clone of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 2002, 70, 6853-6859.
TARR P.I., BILGE J.C., VARY JR J.C., JELACIC S., HABEEB R.L., WARD T.R., BAYLO M.R., BESER T.E. Iha: a novel Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence conferring molecule encoded on a recently acquired chromosomal island of conserved structure. Infect. Immun., 2000, 68, 1400-1407.
TORES A.G., GIRON J.A., PERNA N.T., BURLAND V., BLATTNER F.R., AVELINO-FLORES F., KAPER J.B. Identification and characterization of lpfABCC'DE, a fimbrial operon of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Infect. Immun., 2002, 70, 5416-27.
TYLER S.D., JOHNSON W.M., LIOR H., WANG G., ROZEE K.R. Identification of verotoxin type 2 variant B subunit genes in Escherichia coli by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1991, 29, 1339-1343.
URWIN R., MAIDEN M.C.J. Multilocus sequence typing: a tool for global epidemiology. Trends Microbiol., 2003, 11, 479-487.
VAILANT V., ESPIÉ E. Facteurs de risque de survenue des syndromes hémolytiques et urémiques liés à une infection à Escherichia coli producteurs de shigatoxines chez les enfants âgés de moins de 15 ans : étude cas-témoins 2000-2001. Institut de Veille Sanitaire : Saint Maurice, 2003, 61 p.
VAN AMERONGEN A., KOETS M. Simple and rapid bacterial protein and DNA diagnostic methods based on signal generation with colloidal carbon particles. In : Van Amerongen A, Barug D., Lauwaars M.(Eds), Rapid Methods: For Biological And Chemical Contaminants In Food And Feed. Wageningen, 2005.
VERNOZY-ROZAND C. LES Escherichia coli vérotoxiques (VTEC) et Escherichia coli O157:H7 en clinique et en agroalimentaire. Ann. Biol. Clin., 1999, 57, 507-516.
VERNOZY-ROZAND C., MONTET M.P., LEQUERREC F., SERILON E., TILY B., BAVAI C., RAY-GUENIOT S., BOUVET J., MAZUY-CRUCHAUDET C., RICHARD Y. Prevalence of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in slurry, farmyard manure and sewage sludge in France. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2002, 93, 473-478.
VIMONT A., VERNOZY-ROZAND C., MONTET M.P., LAZIZERA C., BAVAI C., DELIGNETTE-MULER M.L. Modeling and predicting the simultaneous growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and ground beef background microflora for various enrichment protocols. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2006, 72, 261-268.
VISWANATHAN V.K., KOUTSOURIS A., LUKIC S., PILKINTON M., SIMONOVIC I., SIMONOVIC M., HECHT G. Comparative analysis of EspF from enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in alteration of epithelial barrier function. Infect. Immun., 2004, 72, 3218-3227.
WANG G., CLARK C.G., RODGERS F.G. Detection in Escherichia coli of the genes encoding the major virulence factors, the genes defining the O157:H7 serotype, and components of the type 2 Shiga toxin family by multiplex PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002, 40, 3613-3619.
WANG G., ZHAO T., DOYLE M.P. Fate of enterohemor rhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 in bovine feces. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 1996, 62, 2567-2570.
WEAGANT S.D., BOUND A.J. Evaluation of techniques for enrichment and isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from artificially contaminated sprouts. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2001, 71, 87-92.
WEINSTEIN D.L., JACKSON M.P., SAMUEL J.E., HOLMES R.K., O'BRIEN A. Cloning and sequencing of a shiga-like toxin type II variant from an Escherichia coli strains responsible for edema disease of swine, J. Bacteriol., 1988, 170, 4223-4230.
WENTWORTH B.B. Bacteriophage typing of the Staphylococci. Bacteriol. Rev., 1963, 27, 253-272.
WHIPP S.C., RASMUSSEN M.A., CRAY W.C.J.R. Animals as a source of Escherichia coli pathogenic for human beings. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 1994, 204, 1168-1175.
WILSON J.B., CLARKE R.C., RENWICK S.A., RAHN K., JOHNSON R.P., KARMALI M.A., LIOR H., ALVES D., GYLES C.L., SANDHU K.S., MC.EWEN S.A., SPIKA J.S. Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in dairy farm families. J. Infect. Dis., 1996, 174, 1021-1027.
YOSHITOMI K.J., JINEMAN K.C., WEAGANT S.D. Detection of Shiga toxin genes stx1, stx2, and the +93 uidA mutation of E. coli O157:H7/H-using SYBR Green I in a real-time multiplex PCR. Mol. Cell. Probes, 2006, 20, 31-41.
ZADIK P.M., CHAPMAN P.A., SIDDONS C.A. Use of tellurite for the selection of verocytotoxigenic E. coli O157. J. Med. Microbiol, 1993, 39,155-158
ZHANG W., BIELASZEWSKA M., KUCZIUS T., KARCH H. Identification, characterization, and distribution of a Shiga toxin 1 gene variant (stx (1c)) in Escherichia coli strains isolated from human. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002a, 40, 1441-1446.
ZHANG W. L., KOHLER B., OSWALD E., BEUTIN L., KARCH H., MORABITO S., CAPRIOLI A., SUERBAUM S., SCHMIDT H. Genetic diversity of intimin genes of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli strains. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002b, 40, 4486-4492.