Modeling the nitrogen cycling and plankton productivity in the Black Sea using a three dimensional interdisciplindary model Gregoire et al., 2004 JGR.pdf
[en] [1] A six-compartment ecosystem model defined by a simple nitrogen cycle is coupled with a general circulation model in the Black Sea so as to examine the seasonal variability of the ecohydrodynamics. Model results show that the annual cycle of the biological productivity of the whole basin is characterized by the presence of a winter-early spring bloom. In all the regions this bloom precedes the onset of the seasonal thermocline and occurs as soon as the vertical winter mixing decreases. Phytoplankton development starts in winter in the central basin, while in coastal areas ( except in the river discharge area) it begins in early spring. In the Danube's discharge area and along the western coast, where surface waters are almost continuously enriched in nutrient by river inputs, the phytoplankton development is sustained during the whole year at the surface. The seasonal variability of the northwestern shelf circulation induced by the seasonal variations in the Danube discharge and the wind stress intensity has been found to have a major impact on the primary production repartition of the area. In the central basin the primary production in the surface layer relies essentially on nutrients being entrained in the upper layer from below. Simulated phytoplankton concentrations are compared with satellite and field data. It has been found that the model is able to reproduce the main characteristics of the space-time evolution of the Black Sea's biological productivity but underestimates the phytoplankton biomass especially in regions extremely rich in nutrients such as the Danube discharge area.
Research Center/Unit :
MARE - Centre Interfacultaire de Recherches en Océanologie - ULiège
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Grégoire, Marilaure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement > Océanologie
Soetaert, Karline; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (Yerseke) > Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology
Nezlin, Nikolay Pavlovich; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (Moscow)
Kostianoy, Andrey G.; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (Moscow)
Language :
English
Title :
Modeling the nitrogen cycling and plankton productivity in the Black Sea using a three-dimensional interdisciplinary model
Publication date :
05 May 2004
Journal title :
Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans
ISSN :
2169-9275
eISSN :
2169-9291
Publisher :
Amer Geophysical Union, Washington, United States - Washington
Altman, E., and N. Kumish (1986), Interannual and seasonal variability of the Black Sea fresh water balance, Tr. Gos. Oceanogr. Inst., 145, 3-15.
Andersen, V., and P. Nival (1988), A pelagic ecosystem model simulating production and sedimentation of biogenic particles: Role of salps and copepods, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, 44, 37-50.
Armstrong, R. (1994), Grazing limitation and nutrient limitation in marine ecosystems: Steady state solutions of an ecosystem model with multiple food chains, Limnol. Oceanogr, 39, 597-608.
Basturk, O., C. Saydam, I. Salihoglu, L. V. Eremeeva, S. K. Konovalov, A. Stoyanov, A. Dimitrov, A. Cociasu, L. Dorogan, and M. Altabet (1994), Vertical variations in the principle chemical properties of the Black Sea in the autumn of 1991, J. Mar Chem., 45, 149-165.
Beckers, J. M. (1991), Application of a 3D model to the western Mediterranean, J. Mar. Syst., 1, 315-332.
Billen, G., and C. Lancelot (1988), Modelling benthic nitrogen cycling in temperate coastal ecosystems, in Nitrogen Cycling in Coastal Marine Environments, edited by T. H. Blackburn and J. Sorensen, pp. 341-378, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
Blatov, A., N. Bulgakov, V. Ivanov, A. Kosarev, and V Tujilkin (1984), Variability of the Hydrophyscal Fields in the Black Sea, 240 pp., Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg.
Brainerd, K., and M. Gregg (1995), Surface mixed and mixing layer depths, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 42, 1521-1543.
Brewer, P., and J. Murray (1973), Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Black Sea, Deep Sea Res., 20, 803-818.
Buesseler, K., H. Livingston, L. Ivanov, and A. Romanov (1994), Stability of the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 41, 283-296.
Cociasu, A., V. Diaconu, L. Popa, L. Buga, I. Nae, L. Doragan, and V. Malciu (1997), The nutrient stock of the Romanian shelf of the Black Sea during the last three decades, in Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, NATO Sci. Ser. 2, vol. 27, edited by E. Özsoy and A. Mikaelyan, pp. 49-63, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Codispoti, L., G. Friderich, J. Murray, and C. Sakamoto (1991), Chemical variability in the Black Sea: Implementations of data obtained with a continuous profiling system that penetrated the oxic/anoxic interface, Deep Sea Res. Part A, 38, suppl. 2., S691-S710.
Cokacar, T., and E. Özsoy (1998), Comparative analyses and modelling for regional ecosystems of the Black Sea, in Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, NATO Sci. Ser. 2, vol. 47, edited by L. Ivanov and T. Oguz, pp. 323-358, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Deleersnijder, E., and J. C. J. Nihoul (1988), Turbulent fields associated with the general circulation in the Northern Bering Sea, in Small Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean, edited by J. C. J. Nihoul and B. M. Jamart, pp. 77-93, Elsevier Sci., New York.
Delbez, E. (1996), Reconnaissance of the general circulation of the northwestern European continental shelf by means of a three-dimensional turbulent closure model, Earth Sci. Rev., 41, 3-29.
Ginzburg, A. I., A. G. Kostianoy, D. M. Soloviev, and S. V. Starnichny (2000), Remotely sensed coastal-deep basin water exchange processes in the Black Sea, in Satellites, Oceanography and Society, edited by D. Halpern, Elsevier Oceanogr. Ser., 63, 273-287.
Ginzburg, A. I., A. G. Kostianoy, and N. A. Sheremet (2001), On the use of satellite data in the study of seasonal and interannual variations of the Black Sea sea-surface temperature, Issled. Zemli Kosmosa, 1, 51-61.
Grégoire, M. (1998), Modélisation 3D couplée physique écosystème de la mer Noire, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Liège, Lig̀e, Belgium.
Grégoire, M., and J. Friedrich (2004), Nitrogen budget of the north-western Black Sea shelf as inferred from modeling studies and in-situ benthic measurements, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, in press.
Grégoire, M., and G. Lacroix (200 1), Study of the oxygen budget of the Black Sea waters using a 3D coupled hydrodynamical-biogeochemical model, J. Mar. Syst., 31, 175-202.
Grégoire, M., and G. Lacroix (2003), Exchange processes and nitrogen cycling on the shelf and continental slope of the Black Sea basin. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(2), 1072, doi:10.1029/2002GBOO1962.
Grégoire, M., J. M. Beckers, J. C. J. Nihoul, and E. Stanev (1998 , Reconnaissance of the main Black Sea's ecohydrodynamics by means of a 3D interdisciplinary model, J. Mar. Syst., 16, 85-105.
Karl,D.,andG. Knauer (1991), Microbial production and particle flux in the upper 350 in Black Sea, Deep Sea Res., PartA,38, suppl. 2, S655-S661.
Konovalov, S., L. I. Ivanov, and A. S. Samodurov (2000), Oxygen, nitrogen and sulfide fluxes in the Black Sea, Mediter Mar. Sci., 1, 41-59.
Kubilay, N., S. Yemenicioglu, and A. Saydam (1995), Airborne material collections and their chemical composition over the Black Sea, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 30, 475-483.
Lancelot, C., J. Staneva, D. Van Eeckhout, J.-M. Beckers, and E. Stanev (2002), Modelling the Danube-influenced north-western continental shelf of the Black Sea. II. Ecosystem response to changes in nutrient delivery by the Danube River after its damming in 1972, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci., 54, 473-499.
Lebedeva, L., and E. Shushkina (1994), The model investigation of the Black Sea community changes caused by Mnemiopsis, Oceanology, 34, 79-87.
Lein, A., and M. Ivanov (1991), On the sulphur and carbon balances in the Black Sea, in Black Sea Oceanography, NATO Sci. Ser., Ser. C, vol. 351, edited by E. Izdar and J. Murray, pp. 307-318, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Longhurst, A., S. Sathyendranath, T. Platt, and C. Caverhill (1995), An estimate of global primary production in ocean from satellite radiometer data, J. Plankton Res., 17, 1245-1271.
Mikaelyan, A. (1995), Winter bloom of the diatom Nitzchia delicatula in the open waters of the Black Sea, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 129, 241-251.
Mullin, M. (1963), Some factors affecting the feeding of marine copepods of the genus Calanus, Limnol. Oceanogr., 8, 239-250.
Murray, J., L. Codispoti, and G. Friederich (1995), Redox environments: The suboxic zone in the Black Sea, in Aquatic Chemistry: Interfacial and Interspecies Processes, edited by C. Huang, C. O'Melia, and J. Morgan, pp. 157-176, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D. C.
Nezlin, N., A. Kostianoy, and M. Gregoire (1999), Patterns of seasonal and interannual changes of surface chlorophyll concentration in the Black Sea revealed from the remote sensed data, Remote Sens. Environ., 69, 43-55.
Oguz, T., E. Özsoy, A. Latif, H. Sur, and U. Unluata (1990), Modeling of hydrographically controlled exchange flow in the Bosphorus Strait, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 945-965.
Oguz, T., P. La Violette, and U. Unluata (1992), The upper layer circulation of the Black Sea: Its variability as inferred from hydrographic and satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,569-12,684.
Oguz, T., V. Latun, M. Latif, V. Vladimirov, H. Sur, A. Markov, E. Özsoy, B. Kotovschikov, V. Eremeev, and U. Unluata (1993), Circulation in the surface and intermediate layers of the Black Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 40, 1597-1612.
Oguz, T., P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, and D. Aubrey (1995), Wind and thermohaline circulation of the Black Sea driven by yearly mean climatological forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6854-6863.
Oguz, T., H. W. Ducklow, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, S. Tugrul, N. Nezlin, and U. Unluata (1996), Simulation of annual plankton productivity cycle in the Black Sea by a one-dimensional physical-biological model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,585-16,599.
Oguz, T., H. Ducklow, E. Shushkina, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, S. Tugrul, and L. Lebedeva (1998), Simulation of upper layer biochemical structure in the Black Sea, in Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, NATO Sci. Ser. 2, vol. 47, edited by L. Ivanov and T. Oguz, pp. 257-300, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Oguz, T., H. Ducklow, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, J. Murray, E. Shushkina, V. Vedernikov, and U. Unluata (1999), A physical-biochemical model of plankton productivity and nitrogen cycling in the Black Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 46, 597-636.
Oguz, T., H. Ducklow, and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli (2000), Modeling distinct vertical biogeochemical structure of the Black Sea: Dynamical coupling of the oxic, suboxic, and anoxic layers, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 1331-1352.
Olson, R. (1981), Differential photoinhibition of marine nitrifying bacteria: A possible mechanism for the formation of the primary nitrite maximum, J. Mar. Res., 39, 227-238.
Ovchinnikov, I., and Y. Popov (1987), Evolution of the cold intermediate layer in the Black Sea, Oceanology, 27, 555-560.
Özsoy, E., and Ü. Ünlüata (1997), Oceanography of the Black Sea: A review of some recent results, Earth Sci. Rev., 42, 231-272.
Özsoy, E., T. Cokacar, A. Mikaelyan, and S. Besiktepe (1998), Model studies and analyses of ecosystem dynamics in the Black Sea, in Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, NATO Sci. Ser. 2, vol. 47, edited by L. Ivanov and T. Oguz, pp. 288-300, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Platt, T., and A. Jassby (1976), The relationship between photosynthesis and light for natural assemblages of coastal marine phytoplankton, J. Phycol., 12, 421-430.
Polat, C., and S. Tugrul (1995), Chemical exchange between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea via the Turkish Straits, Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco, 14, 37-56.
Sarmiento, J., R. Slater, M. Fasham, H. Ducklow, J. Toggweiler, and G. Evans (1993), A seasonal 3D ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling in the North Atlantic euphotic zone, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 415-450.
Saydam, C., S. Tugrul, O. Basturk, and T. Oguz (1993), Identification of the oxic/anoxic interface by isopycnal surfaces in the Black Sea, Deep Sea Res., 40, 1405-1412.
Sorokin, Y. I. (1983), The Black Sea, in Estuaries and Enclosed Seas: Ecosystems of the World, edited by B. H. Ketchum, pp. 253-292, Elsevier Sci., New York.
Stanev, E. V (1990), On the mechanisms of the Black Sea circulation, Earth Sci. Rev., 28, 285-319.
Stanev, E., and J. M. Beckers (1999), Numerical simulations of seasonal and interannual variability of the Black Sea thermohaline circulation, J. Mar. Syst., 22, 241-267.
Staneva, J. V., and E. V. Stanev (1999), Oceanic response to atmospheric forcing derived from different climatic data sets: Intercomparison study for the Black Sea, Oceanol. Acta, 21, 393-417.
Staneva, J. V., E. V Stanev, and T. Oguz (1998), The impact of atmospheric forcing and water column stratification on the yearly plankton cycle, in Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, NATO Sci. Ser. 2, vol. 47, edited by L. Ivanov and T. Oguz, pp. 301-322, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Sur, H., E. Özsoy, and U. Unluata (1994), Boundary current instabilities, shelf mixing and eutrophication processes in the Black Sea, Prog. Oceanogr, 33, 249-302.
Sverdrup, H. U. (1953), On the conditions for vernal blooming of the phytoplankton, J. Cons. Int. Explor Mer., 18, 287-295.
Totterdell, I., R. Armstrong, H. Drange, J. Parslow, T. Powell, and A. Taylor (1993), Trophic resolution, in Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes, NATO Sci. Ser., Ser. I, vol. 10, edited by G. Evans and M. Fasham, pp. 71-92, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Tugrul, S., O. Basturk, C. Saydam, and A. Yilmaz (1992), Changes in the hydrochemistry of the Black Sea inferred from water density profiles, Nature, 359, 137-139.
Vedernikov, V. I., and A. B. Demidov (1993), Primary production and chlorophyll in the deep regions of the Black Sea, Oceanology, 33, 193-199.
Vinogradov, M., and Y. Nalbandov (1990), Effect of changes in water density on the profiles of physiochemical and biological characteristics in the pelagic ecosystem of the Black Sea, Oceanology, 30, 567-573.
Wada, E., and A. Hattori (1991), Nitrogen in the Sea: Forms, Abundance and Rate Processes, 208 pp., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
Ward, B., and K. Kilpatrick (1991), Nitrogen transformations in the oxic layer of permanent anoxic basins: The Black Sea and the Cariaco Trench, in Black Sea Oceanography, NATO Sci. Ser., Ser. C, vol. 351, edited by E. Izdar and J. Murray, Pp. 111-124, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Wollast, R. (1998), The global coastal ocean: Processes and methods, in The Sea, vol. 10, edited by K. H. Brink and A. R. Robinson, pp. 213-252, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
Yakushev, E. (1998), Mathematical modelling of oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and manganese cycling in the Black Sea, in Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, NATO Sci. Ser., Ser. 2, vol. 47, edited by L. Ivanov and T. Oguz, pp. 373-385, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
Yakushev, E., and L. Neretin (1997), One-dimensional modelling of nitrogen and sulphur cycles in the aphotic zones of the Black Sea and Arabian Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11, 401-414.
