[en] Some patients with relatively selective hippocampal damage have shown proportionate recall and recognition deficits. Moreover, familiarity as well as recollection have been found to be impaired in some of these patients. In contrast, other patients with apparently similar damage presented with relatively preserved recognition despite having severely impaired recall, and some of these patients have been shown to have preserved familiarity. We report here the case of an amnesic patient who suffered bilateral hippocampal damage and temporoparietal atrophy after carbon monoxide poisoning. On tests matched for difficulty, his recall performance was more severely impaired than his recognition memory, for verbal as well as for visual materials. Moreover, he performed within the range of healthy matched subjects on nine recognition tests out of ten. In a task using the process dissociation procedure, the patient’s familiarity was preserved although his recollection was impaired. These findings indicate that recall and recognition memory can be dissociated in amnesic patients with hippocampal lesions even when temporoparietal cortical atrophy is also present.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Bastin, Christine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centre de recherches du cyclotron
Van der Linden, Martial ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psychopathologie cognitive
Charnallet, Annik
Denby, Christine
Montaldi, Daniela
Roberts, Neil
Mayes, Andrew
Language :
English
Title :
Dissociation between recall and recognition memory performance in an amnesic patient with hippocampal damage following carbon monoxide poisoning.
Publication date :
2004
Journal title :
Neurocase: Case Studies in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioural Neurology
Aggleton JP, Brown MW. Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampalanterior thalamic axis. Behav Brain Sci 1999; 22: 425-89.
Aggleton JP, Shaw C. Amnesia and recognition memory: A re-analysis of psychometric data. Neuropsychologia 1996; 34: 51-62.
Baddeley A, Vargha-Khadem F, Mishkin M. Preserved recognition in a case of developmental amnesia: Implications for the acquisition of semantic memory? J Cogn Neurosci 2001; 13: 357-69.
Baddeley AD, Emslie H, Nimmo-Smith I. Doors and people: A test of visual and verbal recall and recognition. Bury St. Edmunds, England: Thames Valley Test Co., 1994.
Bastin C, Van der Linden M. The contribution of recollection and familiarity to recognition memory: A study of the effects of test format and aging. Neuropsychology 2003; 17: 14-24.
Bindschaedler C. Perturbations des processus de récupération mnésique associées è des lésions cérébrales frontales [Disorders of memory retrieval processes associated to frontal brain lesions] (dissertation). Geneva: University of Geneva, 1999.
Brown LL, Schneider JS, Lidsky TI. Sensory and cognitive functions of the basal forebrain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1997; 7: 157-63.
Brown MW, Aggleton JP. Recognition memory: What are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus? Nat Rev Neurosci 2001; 2: 51-61.
Calev A. Recall and recognition in chronic nondemented schizophrenics: Use of matched tasks. J Abnorm Psychol 1984; 93: 172-77.
Cipolotti L, Shallice T, Chan D, Fox N, Schahill R, Harrison G, Stevens J, Rudge P. Long-term retrograde amnesia⋯the crucial role of the hippocampus. Neuropsychologia 2001; 39: 151-72.
Crawford JR, Garthwaite PH, Gray CD. Wanted: Fully operational definitions of dissociations in single-case studies. Cortex 2003; 39: 357-70.
Crawford JR, Garthwaite PH. Investigation of the single case in neuropsychology: Confidence limits on the abnormality of test scores and test score differences. Neuropsychologia 2002; 40: 1196-1208.
D'Honincthun PC, Adam S. Vieillissement et processus de récupération en rnérnoire è long terrne: Application de la procédure de dissociation de processus à des tâches de reconnaissance verbale et visuelle[Aging and retrieval processes from long term memory: Application of the process dissociation procedure to verbal and visual recognition tasks] (dissertation). Liège, Belgium: University of Liège, 2001.
Gale SD, Hopkins RO, Weaver LK, Bigler ED, Booth EJ, Blatter DD. MRI, quantitative MRI, SPECT, and neuropsychological findings following carbon monoxide poisoning. Brain Inj 1999; 13: 229-43.
Gale SD, Hopkins RO. Effects of hypoxia on the brain: Neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings following carbon monoxide poisoning and obstructive sleep apnea. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004; 10: 60-71.
Gardiner JM, Richardson-Klavehn A. Remembering and knowing. In: Tulving E, Craik FIM, editors, The Oxford handbook of neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000: 229-244.
Gardiner JM. Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory and Cognition 1988; 16: 309-13.
Grober E, Buschke H. Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Devl Neuropsychol 1986; 3: 13-36.
Hanley JR, Davies ADM, Downes JJ, Roberts JN, Gong QY, Mayes AR. Remembering and knowing in a patient with preserved recognition and impaired recall. Neuropsychologia 2001; 39: 1003-10.
Henke K, Kroll H, Behniea H, Amaral DG, Miller MB, Rafal R, Gazzaniga MS. Memory lost and regained following bilateral hippocampal damage. J Cogn Neurosci 1999; 11: 682-97.
Hogenraad R, Orianne E. Valences d'imagerie de 1130 noms de la langue française parlée [Imagery values of 1130 nouns in French spoken language]. Psychologica Belgica 1981; 21: 21-30.
Holdstock JS, Mayes AR, Roberts N, Cezayirli E, Isaac CL, O'Reilly RC, Norman KA. Under what conditions is recognition spared relative to recall following selective hippocampal damage in humans? Hippocampus 2002; 12: 341-51.
Hopkins RO, Weaver LK, Kesner RP. Long term memory impairments and hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging in carbon monoxide poisoned subjects. Undersea Hyperb Med 1993; 20: 15.
Jacoby LL. A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 1991; 30: 513-41.
Jacoby LL, Woloshyn V, Kelley CM. Becoming famous without being recognized: Unconscious influences of memory produced by dividing attention. J Exp Psychol Gen 1989; 118: 115-25.
Jacoby LL, Yonelinas AP, Jennings JM. The relation between conscious and unconscious (automatic) influences: A declaration of independence. In: Cohen JD, Schooler JW, editors. Scientific approaches to consciousness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997: 13-47.
Jennings JM, Jacoby LL. An opposition procedure for detecting age-related deficits in recollection: Telling effects of repetition. Psychol Aging 1997; 12: 352-61.
Knowlton BJ, Squire LR. Remembering and knowing: Two different expressions of declarative memory. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1995; 21(3): 699-710.
Kopelman MD, Wilson BA, Baddeley AD. The autobiographical memory interview: A new assessment of autobiographical and personal semantic memory in amnesic patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1989; 11: 724-44.
Macmillan NA, Creelman CD. Detection theory: A user's guide. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Mandler G. Recognizing: The judgement of previous occurrence. Psycho Rev 1980; 87: 252-71.
Manns JR, Hopkins RO, Reed JM, Kitchener EG, Squire LR. Recognition memory and the human hippocampus. Neuron 2003; 37: 171-80.
Manns JR, Squire LR. Impaired recognition memory on the Doors and People Test after damage limited to the hippocampal region. Hippocampus 1999; 9: 495-99.
Mayes AR, Holdstock JS, Isaac CL, Hunkin NM, Roberts N. Relative sparing of item recognition memory in a patient with adult-onset damage limited to the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2002; 12: 325-40.
Mishkin M, Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian, DG. Amnesia and the organization of the hippocampal system. Hippocampus 1998; 8: 212-16.
Nelson HE. A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex 1976; 12: 313-24.
Parkin AJ, Yeomans J, Bindschaedler C. Further characterization of the executive memory impairment following frontal lobe lesions. Brain Cogn 1994; 26: 23-42.
Reed JM, Squire LR. Impaired recognition memory in patients with lesions limited to the hippocampal formation. Behav Neurosci 1997; 111: 667-75.
Reynolds CR, Hopkins RO, Bigler ED. Continuing decline of memory skills with significant recovery of intellectual function following severe carbon monoxide exposure: Clinical, psychometric, and neuroimaging findings. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 1999; 14: 235-49.
Schacter DL, Verfaellie M, Anes MD. Illusory memories in amnesic patients: Conceptual and perceptual false recognition. Neuropsychology 1997; 11(3): 331-42.
Schacter DL, Verfaellie M, Pradere D. The neuropsychology of memory illusions: False recall and recognition in amnesic patients. Journal of Memory and Language 1996; 35: 319-34.
Shepard RN, Metzler J. Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science 1971; 171(3972): 701-3.
Squire LR, Zola SM. Episodic memory, semantic memory, and amnesia. Hippocampus 1998; 8: 205-11.
Squire LR, Zola SM. Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1996; 93: 13515-522.
Squire LR, Zola-Morgan S. The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science 1991; 253: 1380-86.
Stark CEL, Bayley PJ, Squire LR. Recognition memory for single items and for associations is similarly impaired following damage to the hipocampal region. Learning and Memory 2002; 9: 238-42.
Stark CEL, Squire LR. Hippocampal damage equally imairs memory for single items and memory for conjunctions. Hippocampus 2003; 13: 281-92.
Stroop JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 1935; 6: 661.
Tulving E. Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology 1985; 26: 1-12.
Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian DG, Watkins KE, Connelly A, Van Paesschen W, Mishkin M. Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory. Science 1997; 277: 376-80.
Verfaellie M, Treadwell JR. Status of recognition memory in amnesia. Neuropsychology 1993; 7: 5-13.
Warrington EK, James M. Visual Object and Space Perception Battery. Bury St. Edmund S, England: Thames Valley Test Company, 1991.
Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1987.
Weiskrantz L. On issues and theories of the human amnesic syndrome. In: Weinberger NM, McGaugh JL, Lynch G, editors. Memory systems of the brain. New York: The Guilford Press, 1985: 380-415.
White NM. Mnemonic functions of the basal forebrain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1997; 7: 164-69.
Wilson BA, Cockburn JM, Baddeley A. Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. Bury St. Edmunds, England: Thames Valley Test, 1985.
Yonelinas AP. The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language 2002; 46: 441-517.
Yonelinas AP, Jacoby LL. Response bias and the Process-Dissociation-Procedure. J Exp Psychol Gen 1996; 125: 422-34.
Yonelinas AP, Kroll NEA, Dobbins I, Lazzara M, Knight RT. Recollection and familiarity deficits in amnesia: Convergence of remember-know, process dissociation, and receiver operating characteristics data. Neuropsychology 1998; 12: 323-39.
Yonelinas AP, Kroll NEA, Quamme JR, Lazzara MM, Sauvé JM, Widaman KF, Knight RG. Effects of extensive temporal lobe damage or mild hypoxia on recollection and familiarity. Nat Neurosci 2002; 5: 1236-41.
Yonelinas AP. Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process model. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1994; 20: 1341-54.
Zola SM, Squire LR. The medial temporal lobe and the hippocampus. In: Tulving E, Craik FIM, editors, The Oxford handbook of memory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000: 485-500.
