Reconnaissance of the main Black Sea's ecohydrodynamics by means of a 3D interdisciplinary model

[en] A 3D interdisciplinary model has been used to test the sensitivity of the Black Sea’s ecosystem to physical processes. The hydrodynamical model of the general circulation has been built up, using the GHER primitive equation model. A model with 15 km horizontal resolution and 25 vertical levels is used to compute the typical seasonal cycle. The model is forced by climatological monthly mean fields of temperature, salinity and wind stress at the air–sea interface; the river discharges of the Danube, Dnestr and Dnepr are taken into account. An ecosystem model at basin scale is then defined by a nitrogen cycle considering several phytoplankton and zooplankton sizes and including the microbial loop. The ecosystem model is embedded on-line into the 3D hydrodynamical model with a superimposed cycle for the light intensity. This model must be regarded rather as a first tool for testing the coupling of hydrodynamic and ecosystem submodels, while acquiring some preparatory assessment of the effect of physical processes on the ecodynamics. The results display a highly three-dimensional aspect with important horizontal and vertical variations, obviously imparted to the system by the physical processes horizontal and vertical advection, vertical mixing and diffusion, upwelling associated with light limitation at depth and sinking of dead organisms. In this paper, the results are described emphasizing the effects of the hydrodynamic constraints on the space–time distribution of the primary and secondary production.

Research Center/Unit :

MARE - Centre Interfacultaire de Recherches en Océanologie - ULiège

Disciplines :

Aquatic sciences & oceanology
Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Grégoire, Marilaure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement > Océanologie

Beckers, Jean-Marie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > GeoHydrodynamics and Environment Research (GHER)

Nihoul, Jacques ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Services généraux (Faculté des sciences) > Relations académiques et scientifiques (Sciences)

Stanev, Emil; University of Sofia > Department of Meteorology and Geophysics

Language :

English

Title :

Reconnaissance of the main Black Sea's ecohydrodynamics by means of a 3D interdisciplinary model

Publication date :

1998

Journal title :

Journal of Marine Systems

ISSN :

0924-7963

Publisher :

Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Volume :

Issue :

1-2

Pages :

85-105

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 08 December 2010

Statistics

Number of views

71 (4 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

3 (1 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Adam, P., (1991) Sensitivity Analysis of a 3D Mathematical Model of the Northern Bering Sea, , Dissertation, GHER, Liège University, 89 pp
Andersen, V., Nival, P., Modèle d'écosystème pélagique des eaux côtières de la Mer Ligure (1988) Oceanol. Acta, pp. 211-217. , NSP
Andersen, V., Rassoulzadegan, F., Modèle vertical de l'écosystème pélagique marin. Réseau microbien et sédimentation de particules biogéniques (1991) J. Rech. Oceanogr., 16 (1), pp. 16-22
Beckers, J.M., Application of a 3D model to the Western Mediterranean (1991) J. Mar. Sys., 1, pp. 315-332
Cociasu, A., Diaconu, V., Popa, L., Buga, L., Nae, I., Dorogan, L., Malciu, V., The nutrient stock of the Romanian Shelf of the Black Sea during the last three decades (1997) Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, NAto ASI Series, 27, pp. 49-63. , In: Özsoy, E., Mikaelyan, A. (Eds.), Kluwer, Dordrecht
Chao, S.-Y., Boicourt, W.C., Onset of estuarine plume (1986) J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, pp. 2137-2149
Côté, B., Platt, T., Day-to-day variations in the spring-summer photosynthetic parameters of coastal marine phytoplankton (1983) Limnol. Oceanogr., 28 (2), pp. 320-344
Desaive, T., Stabilité et chaos dans l'espace des phases (1997) Application à l'Étude des Écosystèmes Marins, , Travail de fin d'étude en Ingénieur Civil, Université de Liège, 147 pp
Eppley, R., Short term variations in primary productivity (1986) Dynamic Processes in the Chemistry of the Upper Ocean, NATO Conf. Series, 17, pp. 187-195. , In: Burton, J.D., Brewer, P.G., Chesselet, R. (Eds.)
Fasham, M., Ducklow, H., McKelvie, S., A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer (1990) J. Mar. Res., 48, pp. 591-639
Filippov, D.M., (1968) Circulation and Water Composition of the Black Sea, , Nauka, Moscow, 136 pp
Gamsakhurdia, G.R., Sarkisyan, A.S., Diagnostic calculations of the current velocities in the Black Sea (1976) Oceanology, 15, pp. 164-167. , English translation
(1995) Report of Working Group 1, Critical Variables and Dominant Scales, Globec Numerical Modelling Group Meeting, , Globec, Nantes, July 17-20, 1995
Goldman, J., Caron, D., Dennett, M., Regulation of gross growth efficiency and ammonium regeneration in bacteria substrate C:N ratio (1987) Limnol. Oceanogr., 32 (6), pp. 1239-1252
Grégoire, M., Beckers, J.M., Nihoul, J.C.J., Stanev, E., Coupled hydrodynamic ecosystem model of the Black Sea at basin scale. First results (1997) Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, NAto ASI Series, 27, pp. 487-499. , In: Özsoy, E., Mikaelyan, A. (Eds.), Kluwer, Dordrecht
Herbert, D., Stoichiometric aspects of microbial growth (1976) Continuous Culture: 6 Applications and New Fields, pp. 1-30. , In: Dean, A.C.R., et al. (Eds.)
Mee, L.D., The Black Sea in crisis: The need for concerted international action (1992) Ambio, 21, pp. 278-286
Nihoul, J.C.J., Coupled hydrodynamic, chemical and biological models (1996) Progr. Belg. Oceanogr. Res., pp. 143-146
Nihoul, J.C.J., Beckers, J.M., Preliminary results of a three-dimensional model of the Western Mediterranean's general circulation (1989) Research in the North Western Mediterranean, pp. 7-26. , In: Barth, H. (Ed.), Commission of the European Communities, Brussels
Nihoul, J.C.J., Djenidi, S., Perspective in three-dimensional modelling of the marine system (1987) Three-dimensional Models of Marine and Estuarine Dynamics, 45, pp. 1-34. , In: Nihoul, J.C.J., Jamart, B.M. (Eds.), Elsevier Oceanogr. Ser
Nihoul, J.C.J., Djenidi, S., Hierarchy and scales in marine ecohydrodynamics (1991) Earth Sci. Rev., 31, pp. 255-277
Nihoul, J.C.J., Deleersnijder, E., Djenidi, S., Modelling the general circulation of shelf seas by 3D k-ε models (1989) Earth Sci. Rev., 26, pp. 163-189
Nihoul, J.C.J., Adam, P., Brasseur, P., Mathematical visualisation of the Northern Bering Sea's summer ecohydrodynamics (1994) Data Assimilation, NATO ASI Series, 1, pp. 107-134. , In: Brasseur, P., Nihoul, J.C.J. (Eds.), 19. Springer, Berlin
Oey, L.Y., Mellor, G.L., Subtidal variability of estuarine outflow, plume and coastal current: A model study (1993) J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, pp. 164-171
Oǧuz, T.D., Aubrey, S., Besiktepe, S., Ivanov, L., Diaconu, V., Unluata, U., On the ADCP observations of the western Black Sea rim current (1994) Deep Sea Res., 2. , submitted for publication
Oǧuz, T., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Ducklow, H., Towards coupling three dimensional eddy resolving general circulation and biochemical models in the Black Sea (1997) Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, NAto ASI Series, 27, pp. 469-485. , In: Özsoy, E., Mikaelyan, A. (Eds.), Kluwer Dordrecht
Parsons, T., Takahashi, M., Hargrave, B., (1990) Biological Oceanographic Processes, 3rd Ed., , Pergamon Press, Oxford
Platt, T., Gallegos, L., Modelling primary production (1980) Primary Productivity in the Sea. Environ. Sci. Res., 19, pp. 339-362. , In: Falkowski, P. (Ed.)
Polat, C., Tugrul, S., Nutrient and organic carbon exchanges between the Black and Marmara Seas through the Bosphorus Strait (1995) Cont. Shelf Res., 15 (9), pp. 1115-1132
Ryther, J., Photosynthesis in the ocean as a function of light intensity (1956) Limnol. Oceanogr., 1, pp. 61-70
Saydam, C., Tugrul, S., Basturk, O., Oǧuz, T., Identification of the oxic/anoxic interface by isopycnal surfaces in the Black Sea (1993) Deep Sea Res., 40, pp. 1405-1412
Shaffer, G., Phosphate pumps and shuttles in the Black Sea (1986) Nature, 32, pp. 515-517
Sorokin, J.I., (1983) The Black Sea Estuaries and Enclosed Seas Ecosystems of the World, 26, pp. 253-292. , (Ed. Elsevier)
Sur, H., Özsoy, E., Unluata, U., Boundary current instabilities, shelf mixing and eutrophication processes in the Black Sea (1994) Progr. Oceanogr., 33, pp. 249-302
Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Ilyin, Y.P., Unluata, U., Coastal/deep ocean interactions in the Black Sea and their ecological/environmental impact (1995) J. Mar. Sys., , in press
Stanev, E.V., Numerical study on the Black Sea circulation (1988) Mitteil. Inst. Meereskunde Univ. Hamburg, 28, pp. 1-232
Stanev, E.V., Beckers, J.M., Short periodic and interannual variability as a residual of non linear ocean response to seasonal forcing. Model study for the Black Sea (1997) J. Geophys. Res., , submitted for publication
Tugrul, S., Basturk, O., Saydam, C., Yilmaz, A., Changes in the hydrochemistry of the Black Sea inferred from water density profiles (1992) Nature, 359, pp. 137-139
Walsh, J.J., McRoy, C.P., Coachman, L.K., Wirich, C.D., Shuert, P.G., Grebmeier, J.M., Springer, A.M., Dea, K., Carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Bering/Chukchi Sea: Source regions for organic matter affecting AOU demands of the Arctic Ocean (1989) Progr. Oceanogr., 0, pp. 277-359
Ward, B., Kilpatrick, K., Nitrogen transformations in the oxic layer of permanent anoxic basins: The Black Sea and the Cariaco Trench (1991) Black Sea Oceanography, NATO ASI Series C, 351, pp. 111-124. , In: Izdar, E., Murray, J.W. (Eds.), Kluwer, Dordrecht