Ogura Y, Bonen DK, Inohara N, et al. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001; 411: 603-6.
Hugot JP, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001; 411: 437-9.
Borruel N, Carol M, Casellas F, et al. Increased mucosal tumor necrosis factor alpha production in Crohn's disease can be down regulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria. Gut 2002; 51: 659-64.
Komatsu M, Kobayashi D, Saito K, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α in serum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as measured by a highly sensitive immuno PCR. Clin Chem 2001; 47: 1297-301.
Braegger CP, Nicholls S, Murch SH, Stephens S, MacDonald TT. Tumor necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation. Lancet 1992; 339: 89-91.
Breese EJ, Michie CA, Nichols SW, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing cells in the mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 1455-66.
Murch SH, Braegger CP, Walker-Smith JA, MacDonald TT. Location of tumor necrosis factor-α by immunohistochemistry in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1993; 37: 1705.
Schreiber S, Nikolaus S, Hampe J. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1998; 42: 477-84.
Kontoyiannis D, Pasparakis M, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F, Kollias G. Impaired on/of regulation of TNF biosynthesis in mice lacking TNF AU-rich elements: implications for joint and gut associated immunopathologies. Immunity 1999; 10: 387-9.
Neurath MF, Fuss I, Pasparakis M, et al. Predominant pathogenic role of tumor necrosis factor in experimental colitis mice. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27: 1743-50.
VanHeel DA, Udalova IA, De Silva AP, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a TNF polymorphism that affects an interaction between OCT1 and NF-kB transcription factors. Gastroenterology 2002; 11: 1281-9.
Negoro K, Kinouchi Y, Hiwatashi N, et al. Crohn's disease is associated with novel polymorphisms in the 5′-flanking region of the tumor necrosis factor gene. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 1062-8.
Kawasaki A, Tsuchiya N, Hagiwara K, Takazoe M, Tokunaga K. Independent contribution of HLA-DRB1 and TNF alpha promoter polymorphisms to the susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Genes Immun 2000; 1: 351-7.
Bouma G, Xia B, Crusisus JB, et al. Distribution of four polymorphisms in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) genes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 103: 391-6.
Louis E, Satsangi J, Roussomoustakaki M, et al. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1996; 39: 705-10.
Sashio H, Tamura K, Ito R, et al. Polymorphisms of the TNF gene and TNF receptor superfamily 1B gene are associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease respectively. Immunogenetics 2002; 53: 1020-7.
Louis E, Peeters M, Franchimont D, et al. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphism in Crohn's disease (CD): influence on disease behaviour? Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 119: 64-8.
Heresbach D, Ababou A, Bourienne A. Tumor necrosis factor gene and microsatellite polymorphisms in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1997; 21: 555-61.
Martin K, Radlmayr M, Borchers R, Heinzelmann M, Folwaczny C. Candidate genes co-localised to linkage regions in inflammatory bowel diseases. Digestion 2002; 66: 121-6.
Koss K, Satsangi J, Fanning G, Welsh KI, Jewell DP. Cytokine (TNF-alpha, and IL-10) polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel diseases and normal controls: differential effects on production and allele frequencies. Genes Immun 2000; 1: 185-90.
Hanauer SB, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein B, et al. Maintenance infliximab for Crohn's disease: the accent I randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 1541-9.
Targan SR, Hanauer SB, Van Deventer SJ, et al. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor alpha for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1029-35.
Present DH, Rutgeerts P, Targan S, et al. Infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1398-405.
D'Haens G, Van Deventer S, Van Hogezand R, et al. Endoscopic and histological healing with infliximab anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in Crohn's disease: a European multicenter trial. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: 1029-34.
MacEwan DJ. TNF receptor subtype signalling: differences and cellular consequences. Cell Signal 2002; 14: 477-92.
Satsangi J, Parkes M, Louis E. et al. Two stage genome-wide search in inflammatory bowel disease provides evidence for susceptibility loci on chromosomes 3, 7 and 12. Nat Genet 1996; 14: 199-202.
Duerr RH, Barmada MM, Zhang L, et al. Linkage and association between inflammatory bowel disease and a locus on chromosome 12. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63: 95-100.
Waschke KA, Dufresne L, Vermeire S, Cousineau J, Bitton A, Wild GE. A study of the TNF gene and TNF receptor gene polymorphisms and phenotypic correlation in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut 2002; 51(Suppl. III): A64.
Cho JH, Nicolae DL, Gold LH, et al. Identification of novel susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease on chromosomes 1p, 3q, and 4q: evidence for epistasis between 1p and IBD1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 7502-7.
Mizoguchi E, Mizoguchi A, Takedatsu H, et al. Role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in colonic epithelial hyperplasia and chronic intestinal inflammation in mice. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 134-44.
Morita C, Horiuchi T, Tsukamoto H, et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor receptor II polymorphism 196R with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Japanese: molecular and functional analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 2819-27.
Bridges SL Jr, Jenq G, Moran M, Kuffner T, Whitworth WC, McNicholl J. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor receptor genes: definition of novel haplotypes and racial/ethnic differences. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 2045-50.
Dieude P, Petit E, Cailleau-Moindrault S, et al. Association between tumor necrosis receptor II and familial, but not sporadic, rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 2039-44.
Mascheretti S, Hampe J, Kühbacher T, et al. Pharmacogenetic investigation of the TNF/TNF-receptor system in patients with chronic active Crohn's disease treated with infliximab. Pharmacogenomics J 2002; 2: 127-36.
Gasche C, Scholmerich J, Brynskov J, et al. A simple classification of Crohn's disease: report of the working party of the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna 1998. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2000; 6: 8-15.
Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Hanauer SB, et al. A review of activity indices and efficacy endpoints for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 512-30.
Esters N, Pierik M, Van Steen K, et al. Transmission of CARD15 (NOD2) variants within families of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99: 299-305.
Liang KY, Zeger S. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986; 73: 13-22.
Inoue N, Tamura K, Kinouchi Y, et al. Lack of common NOD2 variants in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 86-91.
Croucher PJ, Mascheretti S, Hampe J, et al. Haplotype structure and association to Crohn's disease of CARD15 mutations in two ethnically divergent populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2003; 11: 6-16.
Bonen DK, Nicolae DL, Moran T, et al. Racial differences in NOD2 variation: characterization of NOD2 in African-Americans with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2002; 122(Suppl.): A29.
Helio T, Halme L, Lappalainen M, et al. CARD15/NOD2 gene variants are associated with familiarly occurring and complicated forms of Crohn's disease. Gut 2003; 52: 558-62.
Barton A, John S, Ollier WE, Worthington J. Association between rheumatoid arthritis and polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor receptor II, but not tumor necrosis factor receptor I in Caucasians. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 61-5.
