[en] interviews 3 with professionals and institutional representatives to provide a multifaceted perspective on the dynamics shaping these policies. The central objective of this investigation is to dissect the multifaceted dimensions of the EU's involvement, scrutinising the interplay of ideas, interests, and outcomes in this relationship. Finally, this chapter reflects on past and ongoing challenges and provides recommendations for further regional cooperation. The EU cultural diplomacy and external policy: promoting values and shaping global agendas The EU's external policy is focused on positioning it as a global actor that can be differentiated by the values that it promotes. 4 This movement relates not only to the political and economic domains but also to cultural relations and diplomacy, wherein the promotion of EU values takes precedence. Therefore, cultural diplomacy plays a significant role in promoting the EU's ideas and in increasing its legitimacy abroad. 5 This approach gained strength with the endorsement of the 2005 UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, 6 coupled with the introduction of the European Agenda for Culture in a Globalizing World (2007), 7 which acknowledges the EU's role as an advocate of its principles in foreign policy. 8 In this context, the European Commission started to negotiate a series of cultural cooperation protocols, such as CARIFORUM (2008), South Korea (2009), Central American countries (2010), and Andean countries Peru and Colombia (2011). These protocols were initially viewed as an innovative way to translate some of the provisions of the UNESCO Convention into action, surpassing the impasse in trade and culture. 9 They granted limited access to the EU's market while preserving the EU's defensive stance in the audiovisual sector by refraining from full trade liberalisation commitments. 10
Disciplines :
Political science, public administration & international relations
