Behaviour and analysis of adaptable beam‐to‐column joints with long slotted holes

Abstract
This research addresses the need for circularity in the construction sector by proposing a modular building strategy utilizing adaptable beam‐to‐column joints with long slotted holes. A “kit of parts” approach is introduced where web cleats with long slotted holes provides horizontal adaptability allowing reclaimed steel members of various dimensions to be reused without the need for recutting. Utilizing nonlinear Finite Element (FE) analyses validated against experimental testing, this study investigates the mechanical behaviour of these joints under eccentric shear loading. The investigation identifies two primary failure modes: bolt bearing against the beam web at smaller extensions and a Vierendeel mechanism characterized by plastic hinges at the corners of the slotted holes at maximum extensions. Statistical comparison shows that the current analytical model in EN 1993‐1‐8:2024 for bearing strength is generally conservative, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 11.91%. Furthermore, a new analytical proposal for predicting Vierendeel failure, based on quadratic interaction between internal forces, demonstrates reasonable predictive accuracy with a MAPE of 10.34%.