[en] AC 114 is a historically significant galaxy cluster, being one of the first strong lensing clusters detected from the ground in the early 1990s, prior to the launch of the
Hubble
Space Telescope (HST). Despite this early prominence, no detailed lensing analyses were carried out for more than 15 years. We studied this cluster using
James Webb
Space Telescope (JWST) imaging obtained as part of the Strong LensIng and Cluster Evolution (SLICE) programme, complemented by archival HST and X-ray observations. JWST data reveal ten new multiply imaged systems and enabled the identification of conjugate substructures in several of the 16 systems, significantly increasing the number of strong lensing constraints. Using these data, we constructed a parametric mass model with L
ENSTOOL
and extended it by explicitly incorporating the
Chandra
data in a combined strong lensing+X-ray fit, following the methodology recently introduced by us. Our best-fit model reproduces the multiple images with an RMS of 0.4″ while simultaneously matching the X-ray data. The dark matter distribution is unimodal and centred on the brightest cluster galaxy, with a large core radius of 83 ± 5 kpc, consistent with values reported in other strong lensing clusters. The strong lensing constraints require the inclusion of an external shear component whose position angle points unambiguously towards a nearby (∼1 Mpc), well-defined mass concentration at the same redshift in the north-west, for which we propose the name AC 114b. The spatial coverage of the
XMM-Newton
data encompasses the whole structure, allowing us to probe the X-ray properties of the companion cluster and the thermodynamics of AC 114. This provided further evidence of a major merger, in line with previous signatures seen in
Chandra
, radio, and optical spectroscopic data. Our results shed new light on the merging scenario, revealing a major merger caught in a late post-collisional phase, where AC 114 is the dominant system and AC 114 b has likely been stripped of its hot gas. Our analysis highlights the power of combining strong lensing constraints with X-ray data to disentangle the dark matter and gas components and to investigate the dynamical processes driving cluster mergers. Our lens model and associated products are available for download at the
Strong Lensing Cluster Atlas Data Base
, which is hosted at Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille.
Beauchesne, Benjamin ; Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University ; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University
Sharon, Keren ; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan
Eckert, Dominique ; Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
Mahler, Guillaume ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Multi-wavelength Extragalactic and Galactic Astrophysics (MEGA) ; STAR Institute, Quartier Agora - Allée du six Août
Richard, Johan ; Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574
Lagattuta, David ; Centre for Astrophysics Research, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire
Khullar, Gourav ; Department of Astronomy, University of Washington
Jauzac, Mathilde ; Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University ; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University ; Astrophysics Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal ; School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Gladders, Mike; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago ; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
Balboni, Marco ; DIFA – Università di Bologna ; INAF – IASF Milano
Gastaldello, Fabio ; INAF – IASF Milano
Ettori, Stefano ; INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
Cerny, Catherine; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan
Jullo, Eric; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM
Leroy, Gavin ; Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University
Patel, Nency; Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University ; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University
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