[en] The increase in pork consumption and its reputation as one of the best sources of protein has led to growth in this industry, however, its production generates a significant amount of swine wastewater (SWW). Conventional biological treatment methods are typically used to treat SWW. However, their applicability in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the swine industry is limited due to their high space requirements. Therefore, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photofenton (PF) and electrocoagulation (EC) represent a potential alternative for SWW treatment due to their lower space requirements. The aim of this study was to treat SWW by integrating the PF process followed by EC as a technological couple to optimize the removal efficiency of pollutants present in SWW. Experiments were conducted in a 2 L batch reactor, examining the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 g L−1) and current density (10, 50, 90 A m−2) on pH, organic matter, nutrients, and germination index (GI). The results showed that the optimum process conditions correspond to 2.6 g L−1 H2O2 and a current density of 41 A m−2. Under these conditions, an effluent is obtained with pH values of 7.8, TSS of 385 mg L−1, COD of 254 mg L−1, BOD5 of 139.8 mg L−1, TN of 190.4 mg L−1 and GI of 117 %. The results showed that the effluent complies with the Colombian standards. From a cost perspective, the use of Photo-Fenton to treat wastewater under these conditions would be US$ 0.7 per liter.
Disciplines :
Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
Luque, Tatiana; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Jimenez, María; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Aguilar, Anyie; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Parra-Orobio, Brayan A.; Universidad Popular del Cesar, Seccional Aguachica. Faculty of Engineering & Tecnologías. Department of Environmental and Health Sciences. Research Group GE&TES, Aguachica, Colombia
Alvarez, Jesús; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Hernandez, Angelica; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Mejía Parada, Cristian Andres ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering ; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Mora-Ruiz, Viviana; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Tavera -Ruiz, Claudia; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Basic Sciences. Research Group FIELDS, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Soto-Paz, Jonathan ; Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Faculty of Engineering. Department of civil engineering. Research Group Threats, Vulnerability and Risks to Natural Phenomena (AVR), Bucaramanga, Colombia
Language :
English
Title :
Advanced technological integration for swine wastewater: Enhancing treatment with photo-Fenton and electrocoagulation
The authors thank Universidad de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo for funding the research group \u201CDe los residuos s\u00F3lidos y l\u00EDquidos hacia el desperdicio cero en el marco de la econom\u00EDa circular\u201D. Jonathan Soto Paz and Claudia Tavera thanks the Universidad de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo for the support received during the development of this investigation. Brayan Parra thanks the Universidad Popular del Cesar seccional Aguachica for the time provided to conduct this research.This work was supported by the Universidad de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo UDI.The cost of SWW treatment under the optimized conditions corresponds to an average of US$ 0.7 per liter. However, due to the variation in the price of energy in Colombia, the range of variation in the cost of treatment under the scale considered was 0.57 and 0.85 US$ per liter. Although this is a cost that must be borne by the SME pig farmers, it is a more attractive cost compared to the environmental risk that can cause and by the retributive fee that they must pay for discharging SWW to a water source (US$ 0.72 per liter), since many pig farmers currently do not have treatment systems. The value found is lower than that reported by Emerick et al. [61] for SWW treatment, who reported 1.031 $/m3 and 0.745 $/m3 for the EC and ECF processes with ultrasound using Al electrodes, respectively. This result also shows the benefits of combining the two processes. Also, the cost is lower than that found by San Juan-Garisado et al. [22] using PF (i.e., $1.15 per liter) and supports the versatility of the proposed coupling for SWW treatment. On the other hand, the value found in this study is higher than that reported by Yi et al. [66], who used a coagulant of polysilicate aluminum ferric from foundry dusts (0.38 $/m\u00B3 when treating SWW, considering only the cost of raw materials), costs not considered in their study could make the result competitive. Finally, the cost found by Trigueros et al. [34] using the same coupling for the treatment of dairy wastewater was $40.24 per kg of COD removed. However, the differences are associated with a longer reaction time (180 min) required for the PF and a higher current density (i.e. 107.14 A m\u22122). In addition, the pig farmers are willing to pay for the treatment, although they are aware that the value may change as the process is scaled up. Therefore, to minimize costs, it is also necessary to minimize energy consumption costs by incorporating renewable energy sources [67,68]. Therefore, a much more detailed economic analysis is required, considering operational and maintenance aspects on a larger scale.This work was supported by the Universidad de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo UDI, Colombia.The authors thank Universidad de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo for funding the research group \u201CDe los residuos s\u00F3lidos y l\u00EDquidos hacia el desperdicio cero en el marco de la econom\u00EDa circular\u201D. Jonathan Soto Paz and Claudia Tavera thanks the Universidad de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo for the support received during the development of this investigation. Brayan A. Parra-Orobio thanks the Universidad Popular del Cesar seccional Aguachica for the time provided to conduct this research.
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