[en] As a main ingredient in beer production, hop (Humulus lupulus L.) and its essential oils, resins and polyphenols, significantly influence the aroma and bitter taste of beer. This study investigates the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of ten previously uncharacterised hop cultivars (Super Pride, Centennial, Pacific Jade™, Superdelic™, Nectaron™, Rakau™, Pacifica™, Motueka™, Nelson Sauvin™ and Simcoe®) using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). After SPME conditions were carefully selected the developed method enabled the tentative identification of 136 VOCs across ten hop cultivars, providing insights into their complex chemical composition. Major aspects of this work include the development of a recommended HS-SPME sampling method, and an investigation of the precision of the GC×GC-MS methodology. A detailed analysis of the identified VOCs and compound classes is performed. Consequently, key compounds, classes and markers are determined. This contributes to our understanding of hop VOC profile and offers opportunities for the development of methods for hop characterisation and quality control.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Hillebrand, Julia ; Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
Amaral, Michelle S S ; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia
Marriott, Philip ; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia. Electronic address: philip.marriott@monash.edu
Language :
English
Title :
A study of volatile compounds in hop by headspace sampling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography.
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Funding text :
Manuscript prepared for submission to the Journal of Chromatography A Special Issue \u201CACROSS 25th Anniversary Symposium Issue\u201DThe authors would like to thank the Brazilian government agencies CNPq, and CAPES for financial support. GAPR acknowledges CNPq for the PhD scholarship (project 155078/2019\u20134). This study was partially funded by Coordena\u00E7\u00E3o de Aperfei\u00E7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00EDvel Superior (CAPES), Brasil - Finance Code 001. Dr Melinda Christopherson, Asahi / Carlton & United Breweries, Abbotsford, is thanked for the provision of some hop samples.
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